In order to investigate ice melting properties of road deicers with chemical types, theoretical comparison using performance index (PI) [1] and experimental analysis were carried out. In the theoretical comparison using PI, differences in melting ice performance properties were shown with chemical types and temperature ranges. Sodium chloride (NaCl) showed the best melting performance at -1.5~-3.5℃, but lower PI than other chemicals (CaCl2 and MgCl2) at lower temperature than -4.5℃. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) showed the best PI at lower than - 6.5℃, and at higher than -1.5℃, but the lowest PI at -1.5~-4.5℃. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) showed the best performance at -3.5~-6.5℃, but the lowest PI at higher temperature than -1.5℃. PI can be regarded as a representative index for melting ice performance of liquid deicer, however, it is not enough to evaluate that of solid deicer, because the effect of heat of solution is not considered in PI. In the experimental analysis, comparison for ice melting performance between solid and liquid deicers was mainly carried out. Solid calcium chloride showed very good persistency and quick-acting property by the effect of heat of solution. Solid sodium chloride has no quick-acting property, but very good persistency at a mild temperature (-3℃), whereas ice melting performance declined greatly at severely low temperature (-11℃). Liquid sodium chloride and calcium chloride showed somewhat good quick-acting property, but inferior persistency to solid ones.

공항 Airside 내에서는 항공기 동체의 부식 등으로 염화물 계열의 제설제 사용이 제한되기 때문에 고체 제설제로 요소(Urea) 또는 개미산(formate) 계열 재료들이 주로 사용되고 있다. 국내 공항 역시 일정기온 (-3℃ 이상)에서 가격대비 제설능력이 있으며 항공기 부식성에 안전한 요소가 주로 사용되어 왔다. 하지 만, 최근 이상기후로 겨울철 –10℃ 이하로 낮아지는 빈도가 잦아짐에 따라 상기 온도에서 요소의 제설효 과가 크게 떨어지고, 가격이 급상승하여 이를 대체할 수 있는 고체제설제 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 따라 서 본 연구에서는 요소를 대체할 수 있는 고체제설제 개발하기 위한 기초연구로 해외 고체제설제(개미산 나트륨 98%, 알갱이 형태)와 개미산 나트륨(sodium formate, 분말 형태) 및 요소(분말 형태)의 Ice Melting Capacity 평가를 통해 고체제설제 개발 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 SHRP H205.1에 따라 반경 35mm 패트리 접시에 물 25㎖을 균일한 두께로 얼린 얼음판위에 해외 고체제설제, 개미산 나트륨, 요소를 살포하여 각 온도(-10, -15, -20)에 따른 시간(10, 20, 30, 45, 60)별 얼음 융해량을 측정하였 다. 측정 결과치는 살포된 제설제의 량(g) 대비 녹은 얼음량(g)으로 나타내며 그 결과는 그림.1과 같다.

비탈면 붕괴의 한 요소로 동절기 및 해빙기 과정에서 동결-융해에 따른 풍화, 수축-팽창 등의 영향으로 비탈면 안정성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 실제 국내외에서 해빙기 시기에 비탈면 붕괴사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해빙기 비탈면의 안전 확보를 위하여 해빙기 비탈면 유지관리 방안을 제시하였다. 외관조사 및 자료조사를 통한 상세 점검을 바탕으로 고도화된 위험성 평가 여부를 결정하고, 위험성 평가에서도 위험성이 높다고 판단되는 경우, 전기비저항 등을 통해 위험단면을 선정하여 실시간 모니터링을 경제적으로 실시할 수 있도록 유지관리 프로세스를 계획하였다.

Recently, the slope failure, which is frequently happened in Ice-melting season, attracts attention in South Korea. The increasing trend in frequency of freezing-thawing process has regarded as major reason of slope failure. However, the time and check level are not reflected at the safety assessments and inspection guidelines. Therefore, the characteristics of slope in ice-melting season should be considered to improve the slope stability in ice-melting season. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the potential risk factors on the slope stability for development of the slope checklist reflecting the timing and check level based on the slope inspection checklist which is provided by the recent research.

The spatial size and variation of Arctic sea ice play an important role in Earth’s climate system. These are affected by conditions in the polar atmosphere and Arctic sea temperatures. The Arctic sea ice concentration is calculated from brightness temperature data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite program (DMSP) F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSMI) and the DMSP F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) sensors. Many previous studies point to significant reductions in sea ice and their causes. We investigated the variability of Arctic sea ice using the daily sea ice concentration data from passive microwave observations to identify the sea ice melting regions near the Arctic polar ice cap. We discovered the abnormal melting of the Arctic sea ice near the North Pole during the summer and the winter. This phenomenon is hard to explain only surface air temperature or solar heating as suggested by recent studies. We propose a hypothesis explaining this phenomenon. The heat from the deep sea in Arctic Ocean ridges and/ or the hydrothermal vents might be contributing to the melting of Arctic sea ice. This hypothesis could be verified by the observation of warm water column structure below the melting or thinning arctic sea ice through the project such as Coriolis dataset for reanalysis (CORA).