본 연구는 방사선 형질전환 차조기와 백출복합물(차조기 복합물)이 퇴행성관절염 관련 매개체에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 MIA(monosodium iodoacetate)로 퇴행성관절염을 유도한 랫드로 평가 하였다. 차조기 복합추출물을 2주 동안 25, 50, 100 ㎎/㎏/day의 용량으로 경구 투여하고 랫드의 우측 관절 내 공간에 MIA를 주입한 후 동일 용량을 4주 동안 지속 투여하였다. 이후, 혈청 바이오마커와 무 릎 관절 분석의 형태학 및 조직병리학적 분석에 기초한 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 대조군 랫드와 비교하였을 때 차조기 복합추출물은 혈청 내 염증 및 골 대사 마커(TNF-α, MMP-3, COX-2, PGE2, COMP, Aggrecan)의 생성량을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이와는 반대로 연골 흡수 매개체인 CTX-2 생성을 증가시켰으며, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 무릎 연골과 활막을 효과적으로 보존하였다. 그 결과, 차조기 복합물은 퇴행성관절염 증상을 개선하였다. 따라서, 차조기 복합물은 퇴행성관절염 관리를 위한 식품 소재로 사용될 수 있다.

본 연구는 진로관여행동이 진로만족에 미치는 영향에서 우연대처기술과 진로 적응성의 순차적 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 20세에서 79세 사이의 서울 및 수도권에 거주하는 일반인 155명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0 및 SPSS Macro PROCESS를 사용하여 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석, 매개모형 검증을 하였으며, 간접효과 검증을 위해서는 부트스트랩 방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 진로관여행동은 우연대처기술과 진로적응성에, 우연대처기술은 진로적응성에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로관여 행동과 진로만족 간 관계에서 우연대처기술과 진로적응성의 매개효과를 살펴본 결과, 진로관여행동이 진로 만족에 미치는 직접 효과는 유의하지 않았으나 우연 대처기술과 진로적응성의 총 간접효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 개별 매개효과를 살펴본 결과 진로관여행동과 진로만족 간 관계에서 우연대처기술의 매개효과는 유의하지 않았으나 진로적응성은 유의한 매개효과가 나타났다. 특히, 진로관여행동과 진로만족 간 관계에서 우연대처기술과 진로적응성의 순차적 매개효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 일반인을 대상으로 진로관여행동이 우연대처기술과 진로적응성을 매개로 진로만족을 유의하게 증가시키고 있는 구조적 관계를 검증하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

For successful embryo implantation, the communication of the maternal endometrium with the conceptus trophec-toderm is required essentially. In pigs, conceptuses undergo morphological change in length to enlarge the physical contact area with the maternal endometrium and secrete estrogen to induce the maternal recognition of pregnancy during the peri-implantation period. Conceptus-derived estrogen prevents luteolysis by conversion in direction of PGF2α secretion from the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen as well as it affects on expression of the uterine endo-metrial genes. In addition to estrogen, conceptuses release various signaling molecules, including cytokines, growth factors, and proteases, and, in response to these signaling molecules, the maternal uterine endometrium also syn-thesizes many signaling molecules, including hormones, cytokines, growth factors, lipid molecules, and utilizes ions such as calcium ion by calcium regulatory molecules. These reciprocal interactions of the conceptus trophectoderm with the maternal uterine endometrium make development and successful implantation of embryos possible. Thus, signaling molecules at the maternal-conceptus interface may play an important role in the implantation process. This review summarized syntheses and functions of signaling molecules at the maternal-conceptus interface to further understand mechanisms of the embryo implantation process in pigs.

Insect blood cells, hemocytes, inhibit spreading behavior upon bacterial challenge to perform cellular immune responses. Hemocyte spreading is accomplished by cytoskeleton rearrangement, which is activated by various immune mediators, such as biogenic monoamins, plasmatocyte-spreading peptide(psp), and eicosanoids. However, little is known how these, immune mediators. acitvate hemocyte spreading behavior. A small G protein, Rac1, gene was identified in hemocytes of Spodoptera exiqua. Its expressed in most developmental stages accept egg and expecially expresses in hemocytes and fat body of Larval stage. In response to bacterial challenge, its expression was segnificantly up-regulated. However, RNA inteference (RNAi) of Rac1 expression inhibited hemocyte spreading behavior. under RNAi condition of Rac1, octopamine and psp failed to activate hemocyte spreading behavior. Interestingly, as addition of prostaglandinE2 to the RNAiconditioned Larval rescued the mediation of octopamine and psp. These results indicate that Rac1 is required for mediation of octopamine and psp on hemocytespreading behavior and suggest that Rac1 may activate eicosanoid biosnthesis.

[Background] Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal mushroom, produces a component compound, cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosine). Cordycepin has been known to have many pharmacological activities including immunological stimulating, anti-cancer, and anti-infection activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory mediator’s activity by cordycepin remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigat-ed the effects of cordycepin on the anti- inflammation cascades in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. [Methods] Cordycepin were administered and their effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and MAP kinases were monitored by Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. [Result] Cordycepin significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro- inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a concentration- dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity. Also, cordycepin suppressed inducible NO, synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression on the mRNA and protein level. In addition, cordycepin suppressed NF-κB translocation by blocking IkappaB- α (IκB-α) degradation and inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK-1/2, JNK, and p38 kinase. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on LPS -stimulated inflammatory mediator production in BV2 microglia is associated with the suppression of the NF-κB, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory properties of cordycepin may be useful for treating the inflammatory and deleterious effects of microglial activation in response to LPS stimulation.

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of strategic orientation on market performance with emphasis on the mediative role of innovation capability, economic value and relational value in food producer companies. Research design, data, and methodology – In this descriptive study, a population of 244 managers and employees of Food industry companies in Tehran were investigated. The respondents filled a questionnaire on strategic orientation, innovation capability, economic value, relational value and market performance, during January to August 2018. Reliability and validity were evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, Spearman's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used by SmartPLS software. Results - Effects of competitor’s orientation and technology orientation on all three intermediary variables were positive and significant. The effect of customer orientation on innovation and economic value was positive and significant, but the effect of customer orientation on the value of the relationship was insignificant. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on innovation capability. The effects of three mediator variables on market performance are positive and significant. Conclusions - As the relationship between the mediator variables and market performance were positive and significant, companies should have a comprehensive plan of focus on strengthening these variables.

본 연구는 산마늘추출물이 과산화지질을 급여한 비만쥐의 지질강하, 항산화효과 및 염증매개물질의 생산에 미치는 영향을 검토했다. 그 결과 혈장 FFA, TG, total cholesterol 및 LDL-cholesterol 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 감소했으며, 혈장HDL-cholesterol 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 증가했다. 간장 내 total cholesterol 농도 및 TG 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 및 간장의 TBARS 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 모두가 대조군보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 간장 GSH-Px, SOD 및 CAT활성치모두가 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 NO, Ceruloplasmin 및 α1-acid glycoprotein 농도는 산마늘추출물 투여군 들이 대조군보다 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 산마늘추출물에 지질강하, 항산화 및 항염증작용에 효과를 나타내는 기능성물질이 내재하고 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to shed some light on how market orientation, mediators such as employee satisfaction, service quality and commitment, and business performance are related and to offer important managerial implication for managements or marketing practioners in the International logistics service industry.