가위벌과에 속하는 Coelioxys의미기록 2종 Coelioxys conoidea Illiger, 1806 와 Coelioxys formosicola Strand, 1913을 한국에서 처음으로 보 고한다. 본 종의 기재, 분포정보, 그리고 삽화를 제공한다.

We collected four species of Osmia spp. consisting of O. cornifrons, O. pedicornis, O. taurus and O. satoi in Yeongwol, Bonghwa and Yechon locations. O. pedicornis was the dominant species, which accounts for 59.6% to 76.4% in the three locations. The sex ratio of Osmia spp. were from 1:1 to 1: 2.8 in O. cornifrons and from 1:2.8 to 1: 5.5 in O. pedicornis. The sex ratio of O. cornifrons and O. pedicornis was different in 3 locations. The female and male cocoons of O. cornifrons were the long elliptical-shaped and grey-brown color. The female and male cocoons of O. pedicornis were the long elliptical-shaped and polished dark-brown color. In both species of O. cornifrons and O. pedicornis, the cocoon size of the females was significantly larger than that of the male. Between those two species, the latter had a relatively bigger size than the former.

Osmia cornifrons is a cavity-nesting solitary species used as an apple pollinator in Korea. To elucidate the developmental characteristics of O. cornifrons, we investigated its development from the egg to adulthood, including a dormant prepupal phase and mating through indoor rearing (25 °C, 65% R.H.). The egg durations of the female and male bees were 3.6 ± 0.8 days and 3.1 ± 1.3 days, respectively. During larval development, the head widths of the 1st to 5th instars ranged from 0.7 ± 0.1 mm to 1.3 ± 0.1 mm. The peak of the growth in head width was the 2nd instar. The larval lengths ranged from 3.7 ± 0.6 mm to 13.6 ± 1.3 mm. The peak of growth was the 4th instar. The larval weights ranged from 4.5 ± 1.2 mg to 78.3 ± 16.1 mg. The peak of growth was the 3rd instars. The total larval durations of from the 1st to 5th instars for the females and males were 14.0 ± 6.0 days and 13.2 ± 5.8 days, respectively. The spinning durations of the females and males were 2.2 ± 0.7 days and 2.3 ± 0.8 days, the prepupation durations were 55.5 ± 5.9 days and 55.8 ± 2.9 days, and the pupation durations were 26.4 ± 2.1 days and 25.3 ± 2.3 days, respectively. The average longevity of the female adults and male adults was 21.8 ± 8.7 days and 24.4 ± 12.4 days, respectively. The total duration of from the egg to an adult bee of the O. cornifrons females and males was 123.5 days and 124.1 days, respectively. Mating consisted of the three following phases: the precopulatory (courtship and attempting copulation), copulation and postcopulatory phases. The mating times of the precopulatory, copulation and postcopulatory phases were 159.6 ± 288.9, 8.4 ± 7.1, 12.9 ± 4.5, and 198.8 ± 69.8 seconds.

We investigated the distribution, sex ratio, and natural enemies and nesting competition insects of mason bees, Osmia spp. in 32 apple orchards during 2006 to 2008. The rate of bee nested was 14.0±1.7%. The rate of fauna nested were Osmia spp., 66.0%, natural enemies, 21.7% and nesting competition insects, 11.6%. We collected five species of Osmia spp. consisting of Osmia cornifrons, O. pedicornis, O. taurus, O. satoi and O. jacoti. In case of collected five Osmia spp, O. cornifrons was 69.6%, which was the dominant species and O. pedicornis was 13.0% and O. taurus was 11.2%, respectively. The collecting rate of Osmia spp. was significant difference among each year and 10 locations. The sex ratio of Osmia spp. were 1:1.9 in O. cornifrons, 1:5.1 in O. pedicornis and 1:2.2 in O. taurus. The sex ratio of O. cornifrons was significant difference among each year and 10 locations. Seven species of natural enemies that attack Osmia spp. were collected in apple orchard. Trogoderma and Chaetodactylus showed the highest rates with 48% and 38% among 7 natural enemies. Also, we collected nine species of nesting competition insects. Anterhynchium flavomaginatum showed the highest rates with 38.6% among 9 nesting competition insects.

Pollinating insects function significantly in structuring ecosystem as well as agricultural production. Among the variety of pollinators, Osmia cornifrons is one of the important pollinators in apple orchards. Unlike honey bees, O. cornifrons is able to pollinate at low temperature that facilitates its wide commercial use. The female O. cornifrons in nature lay their eggs to the interior of the bamboo reeds where they spend their larval and pupal stage throughout the summer and during fall they overwinter as adult. The adult bee emerges from the overwintering cocoon in the spring seasons. Since the complete synchrony with flowering period is critical, farmers collect and store the dormant state of O. cornifors in cold storage and expose them in due time to outdoor temperatures for their emergence, pollination activity can be performed. However, information on biological and ecological requirements for the emergence of overwintering adults are rarely reported. We carried out the experiments on temperature dependent adult emergence and constructed the emergence model based on developmental rate and distribution. Parameters were estimated from linear model and weibu

The bees belonging in the tribe Anthidiini from Korea were revised, five genera six species were recorded and given the key to genera and species. Amens them, L. malaisei Popov and S. melanura Cockerell were new to Korea.

한국산 가위벌과에 대한 연구 중 미기록 속인 Hoplitis 속의 H. scita (Eversmann, 1852) 어리민뿔가위벌에 채집하고 동정하여 보고한다.