The new biography of Jin Yunqiao published in the 19th year of Si De of Vietnam (1866) is the earliest version of “The New Jin Yun Qiao Biography” discovered at present. The text of “The New Jin Yun Qiao Biography” is divided into two columns, the upper column is a six-character poem, and the lower column is an eight-character poem, with a total of 2390 sentences and 16724 muttering words. The relationship between Nom characters in the book and Vietnamese recorded is complex. Through investigation, there are three situations: one word with many words, one word with many words and one word with one word. There are many words in a word, which can be subdivided into homophones, near sounds and different meanings, and near sounds and near meanings according to the sound and meaning relationship between words. According to the relationship between characters and their use functions, the word multi-character can be subdivided into “native use-native use”, “native use-borrowing” and “borrowing use-borrowing”. Word by word, according to the different use attributes, can be divided into two categories: “original use” and “borrowing”. The reason for the complex relationship between words and characters is related to the low standardization of Nom and Vietnamese. A Nom has many written variants, and a Vietnamese vocabulary has many phonetic expressions.

To transform old words into new words is a very efficient mode of word derivation in contemporary Chinese, which mainly involves the transformation of word form and the transformation of meaning. In the process of transforming the old words language users have created a lot of new words that are very novel in form or meaning based on the relationship between Chinese characters in terms of sound, shape and meaning or the structural features of Chinese characters. This paper lists more than 130 new appellations including sound-based words, form-based words, meaning-based words and words produced by changing the structure of Chinese characters, names the ways how old words transform into new words as JieYinFuXing, XieYinFuYi, BieJieFuYi, FanBeiFuYi, GaiZiBianXing and describes the transformation process of these words. These lexical phenomenons reflect some language psychology such as pursuing new differences, playing jokes and mental association. They have some impacts on the lexical system of contemporary Chinese as they open up new ways for the generation and change of contemporary Chinese words, they supplement the word-making methods and lead to some unconventional combinations in contemporary Chinese lexis. This paper intends to further clarify the important role of Chinese characters in word creation and word development, and deepen the understanding of Chinese Character study and contemporary Chinese lexicology.

With the rapid development of China's social economy, new words are emerging endlessly. Neologisms are not only an important way for foreign students to understand Chinese society and culture, but also an important way for them to learn Chinese. Therefore, they should be seen as important content that cannot be ignored in Chinese teaching. Most middle and advanced-level students still keep a positive attitude towards the use of new words. They are eager to learn new words, but they often have problems using them. This paper will explain the necessity for foreign students to learn new words and the position and role of new words in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for the selection and teaching methods of new words in Chinese teaching.

During her time as Emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Ze Tian created a number of new characters. Later generations called them “Wu Queen New Characters”, and some also called “Ze Tian Characters” and “Ze Tian Xin Characters.” Since the Tang Dynasty, although many scholars have studied the writing methods, word counts, and circulation areas of new characters, there are many different opinions, especially about the number of new characters and that of glyphs, which makes future studies much more difficult and impossible to restore the original appearance at that time. In addition, the timing of the promulgation of each new word is hardly recorded in the classics, and it is difficult to know the actual use of the word and the circulation situation. Therefore, this article uses Collection of Epitaph of Tang Dynasty, Sequel Collection of the Epitaph of Tang Dynasty, Collection of Epitaph of Tang Dynasty and Research, and Beijing Library Collection of Stone Carving of Each Chinese Generation etc. to set the age of the research material from “Zai Chu” first year (A.D.689) to the end of “Chang An” fourth year (A.D.704), 16 years in total, 422 piece of epitaphs. They are arranged according to the grave owner’s burial time, sorting out Queen Wu’s implementation process for new words, actual use of new words, word count, and word font, and staging and spread area. By means of this, the article makes the appearance of Queen Wu’s new words possible, even further presented in front of everyone, and finally making a new investigation for the Queen Wu’s new words.

本文的目的是分析最近3年韓國5種新聞報道之基礎上，介绍韩中两国建交之后韩语里面使用的汉语借词的现状，通过将这些借词和以前的汉语借词进行比较，分析说明这些汉语借词的特征。韩中两国政府正式建立起外交关系，意味着断绝了将近一个世纪的外交关系重新开始。以韩中两国的建交为契机，两国的政治·经济·社会·文化等各领域的交流开始急速增加。随着韩中交流的扩大，大量新的汉语借词开始进入韩语当中。韩国和中国维持了超过两千年的长期的语言接触。属于不同语系的两种语言在如此长的时间内互相影响，这是在世界语言史上都很少见的独特现象。近代以前对于韩语产生影响的汉语借词大部分是通过文献，特别是以四书五经为代表的儒家经典进入韩语当中，但是韩中建交以后进入韩语里的汉语借词则在很多方面上呈现出和以前的借词不同的特征。韩国和中国虽然自古以来一直交流不断，但是像最近一样的大规模的直接交流还是前所未有的。

근대 서구 화학자들의 저서가 한역(漢譯)되면서 다량의 새로운 화학원소를 표 기하는 단어(한자)들이 생겨났다. 그들은 중국어의 어휘를 더욱 풍부하게 하는 동 시에 중국어 어휘에서 없어서는 안될 주요성분으로 자리 잡았다. 초창기 화학원소 를 표기하는 어휘(한자)는 한자와 어휘를 동시에 생산하는 매우 독특한 형식으로 진행되었다. 본문은 당시 화학원소를 명명했던 근거와 그 어휘들에게 나타난 독특한 한자와 어휘의 관계를 고찰하였다.

This study was conducted to approach the Korean new food words for the years 1994-2005 from the stance of food ethics. The new food words were categorized into food industry, foodstuffs, cooking, various foods, processed foods, distribution, and consumer health. The principles of food ethics applied to new food words include a respect for life, justice, environmental preservation, priority of safety, and dynamic equilibrium. Seventy percent of new food words were ethically neutral, while 30% had significant ethical meaning. There were more words with a negative ethical meaning than with a positive one. All of the principles, except respect for life, could be successfully applied to new food words. Dynamic equilibrium was the most appropriate principle for the new food words, followed by a priority for safety, justice, and environmental preservation. The results of this study implied that moderation and balance is required in our modern dietary life.

신어는 당대의 사회 모습을 아주 적극적으로 보여주는 동시에 해당 언어권의 어휘들이 갖고 있는 구조와 생산성을 확인할 수 있는 자료가 된다. 하지만 교육 현장에서 신어는 교육용 어휘 목록에서 많이 배제되어 왔다. 그런데 지속적으로 신어가 형성되고 쓰이면서 비슷한 원리를 바탕으로 만들어지는 어휘들이 생겨나고 신어 내에서도 새로운 의미적, 형태적 규칙이 형성되고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 때문에 신어 자료 내에서 학습자의 단계에 맞는 목표어휘를 고려하고, 교수-학습 방안에 적합한 어휘들을 잘 선정하여 활용한다면 충분히 한국어 교육 자료로서의 가치가 있다고 본다. 이에 본고에서는 한국어 교육에서 학습자의 어휘력을 향상시키기 위해 활용할 수 있는 신어의 인칭 접미사 목록을 살펴보았다. 특히 인칭 접미사는 1994년부터 2017년까지 공개된 국립국어원의 신어 관련 자료집을 기준으로 할 때 꾸준히 출현하며 생산성이 높은 편에 속한다. 이러한 관점에서 국립국어원에서 조사 발표한 신어 (1994-2017) 자료집과 한국어 교육 어휘 내용 개발 (2012-2014) 보고서를 바탕으 로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 총 66개의 신어 인칭 접미사 목록 중에 9개의 인칭 접미사가 한국어 교육에 적합하다고 판단되었다. 최종 선정된 인칭 접미사는 ‘-돌, -맨, -짱, -파라치, -걸, -덕/덕후, -맘, -어/러/터, -우 먼’이다. 이상의 관점에서 신어의 인칭 접미사는 일정 기준을 바탕으로 그 목록을 마련한다면 충분히 한국어 교육 시에 어휘 교육 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 이러한 논의는 그동안 한국어 교육에서 거의 다루지 않았던 신어 자료의 교육적 가치를 재검토함으로써 앞으로 기존 한국어 교재나 자료들의 한계점을 보완하는 데에 활용될 수 도 있을 것이라 본다.