To operate a dry port effectively and efficiently, strengthening the competitiveness of dry ports could be the key to bring notable improvements during operational activities and to increase the attraction of dry ports. This paper aims to discover the prioritization of the influential determinants of dry port competitiveness in the north and the south of Vietnam through an analysis based on expert judgments and customer evaluations. With a comprehensive literature review of previous studies equal to investigation results gained from several intensive interviews, many variables are adopted as potential factors that may enhance the competitiveness of dry ports in Vietnam. Through the AHP and IPA approach, this study sketches several development strategies for dry ports and provides important insights for governments by encouraging and supporting policies for the proper operation of dry ports. In the AHP analysis, cost was found to be the most important factor to improve dry port development in Vietnam, and transportation connectivity and cost are more prioritized in the north, with the remaining important determinants for dry port competitiveness receiving more attention in the south of Vietnam.

본 연구는 국제협력기금의 메커니즘을 이해하고 이를 토대로 체제전환 국 베트남의 국제협력 사례가 주는 시사점 분석을 통해 북한의 체제개방 이후 전력인프라 조성을 위한 국제협력 방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 연구하였다. 연구결과, 베트남은 국제협력을 통해 전력인프라를 구축함으 로서 경제성장을 이루어낸 모범국가로 평가받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 다룬 체제전환국의 국제협력을 위한 주요 요인인 국제협력 유형과 전력개발사업 방식, 그리고 국제사회의 요구 준 수를 분석의 틀로 하여 베트남 사례가 주는 시사점과 북한 전력인프라 구축을 위한 방안을 논의하였다. 베트남의 국제협력 사례가 주는 시사점 을 통해 본 연구에서 주장하고자 하는 국제협력 방안은 첫째, 북한 전력 인프라 구축을 위한 국제협력자금 활용이다. 이를 위해 체제전환과 국제 사회의 신뢰를 받을 수 있도록 자체적인 노력이 필요하다. 둘째, 남한 주 도하에 북한의 미흡한 행정역량을 강화하면서 국제협력을 추진하는 전력 인프라 구축모델이다. 북한은 한국과의 특수관계를 고려해 볼 때 국제협 력에 있어 베트남보다 유리한 상황으로 평가된다. 셋째, 막대한 초기 재 원이 필요한 북한 전력개발의 속성을 고려한, 비용대비 효과가 큰 사업 과 민간투자방식(BOT)이다. 베트남의 경우도 민간투자방식을 통해 공급 규모에 맞는 전력인프라를 구축할 수 있었다. 한국의 국제적 지위와 국 가역량을 고려해 볼 때 북한의 국제협력을 강화하기 위해서는 체제전환 직후에 한국의 전략적 지원이 필요하다. 이는 한반도의 안정과 평화유지는 물론 남북교류협력을 활성화하여 남북관계를 획기적으로 발전시킬 수 있는 현실적인 방안이자 가치 있는 재시발점이 될 수 있을 것이다.

With the expansion of China’s territory, the distinguished character system of Chinese language continue to spread to its surrounding areas, which includes various ethnic areas in the south of china. As a subject to the influence of Chinese character. In the history of Vietnam, the influence of Chinese character begins from North genus period. During the thousand years of the north genus had the policy of feudal forces of northern china, the Chinese characters are different in form afferent Vietnames language, the Vietnamese people with their own different ways to accept, borrowed and used Chinese characters in Vietnam as a second language. Though, the Vietnamese no longer use Chinese characters now, but Chinese characters in Vietnamese culture and history still plays an important role.

The tribe Eucosmini is the second largest tribe of Olethreutinae with more than 1,000 species in over 125 genera, distributed mostly in the Holarctic region, and over half of the known species occur in the Nearctic region (Horak and Brown, 1991b). Enarmonia Hübner, Ancylis Hübner, and its allied genera are tentatively retained in Eucosmini, although they have been treated as the subtribe Enarmoniina (Razowski, 1989) belong to Eucosmini maybe distinguished from other tribes by a combination of the following characters proposed by Kuznetsov and Stekolnikov (1984): 1) one-branched protuberance of the valve; 2) gnathos and uncus very weakened or reduced. In Vietnam, in the period 1977-1978 and 1997-1998, National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP) recorded only seven Tortricidae species. But none of them are Eucosmini. Recently, Kuznetzov (2001) recorded four species in the South Vietnam: Eucosmogastra aeolantha (Meyrick, 1914), Noduliferola pleurogramma (Clarke, 1976), N. atriplaga (Clarke, 1976), N. phaeostropha (Clarke, 1976). Razowski recorded 14 species of 10 genera of Eucosmini (2009). In this study, we are briefly reviewed of tribe Eucosmini in North Vietnam. As the result of this study, totally 19 Eucosmini species of 13 genera are recognized. Of them, 17 species are reported for the first time from Vietnam such as: Coenobiodes acceptana Kuznetzov, 1973; Epiblema foenella (Linnaeus, 1785); Eucosma calligrapha Meyrick, 1912, etc. The materials identification based on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected from 2004-2009 in the North Vietnam by Vietnamese and Korean entomologist.

Leaf roller moths Olethreutinae is the second largest subfamily in Tortricidae, comprising worldwide more than 4,300 species (Horak, 2006). Of which, 465 species of 88 genera in South Asia (Diaknoff, 1973). In Vietnam, when studying on fauna of the agricultural pests, National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP) recorded only 4 Tortricidae species (1977-1978), and 3 Tortricidae species (1997- 1998). From 1996 to 2001. Kuznetzov reported two new genera Fibuloides gen. nov., Pammenpsis gen. nov., and 19 species of Olethreutinae. He also has created a list of 208 Tortricidae species in the North Vietnam. Recently, Razowski recorded 33 species, 11 genera (2008), he (2009) also reported 107 species, 61 genera, of which 61 species of 41 genera belong to Olethreutinae in the North Vietnam. Of which, 25 species are described as new to science, 13 species are new to Vietnam. In the present study, we are briefly reviewed of subfamily Olethreutinae in North Vietnam. We recognized 105 species of 51 genera. Of them, 50 species are reported for the first time from North Vietnam such as: Andrioplecta pulverula Meyrick, 1912; Cryptophlebia repletana Walker, 1863; Dactylioglypha tonica (Meyrick, 1909); Lobesia aelopa Meyrick, 1997; Lobesia ambigua Diaknoff, 1954, etc. The materials identification base on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected in North Vietnam from 2004-2009.

The family Tortricidae, with just over 9000 described species (Brown 2005), is the second largest lineage in the microlepidoptera, and by far the most important economically. In Vietnam, de Joanis is the first entomologist has created the original data of moths. From 1928-1929, he reported 45 families belong to Lepidoptera and focoused on Noctuidae and Pyralidae. After the Vietnam war in the North (1954), many times were collected in the North by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families. Recently, Korean entomologists have researched on the Lepidoptera in Vietnam by Park et al. (2007) reported 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Vietnamese entomologists' reports have represented a diversity of Lepidoptera in National parks of Vietnam, but all of them focused on macrolepidoptera. In 2001, one new genus and 6 new species belong into Tortricidae in the Southern part has reported by Kuznetzov. In 2008 Razowski announced 10 Tortricidae species in Vietnam. The main aims of this study are to survey of any references of family Tortricidae in North Vietnam, and it also is the first data about Tortricidae in Vietnam. The materials identification based on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected from 2004-2007. In the taxonomic review of the Tortricidae in Northern part of Vietnam, 40 species (16 species of the subfamily Tortricinae and 24 species of the subfamily Olethreutinae) are recognized. All of them are reported for the first time from Vietnam. Taxonomic review for all species is provided with photos of the adults for the species.

In Vietnam, the moths were reported by some foreign entomologist such as de Joannis (1900), Ronkay (1989), Speidel & Kononenko (1998), Park et al. (2006), and Lien et al. (2008). In 1928 -1929 de Joannis created the original data of moths. His final reports on Lepidoptera were 45 families, 611 species of Noctuidae, and 461 species of Pyralidae. After the Vietnam War in North (1954), many times were collected in North Vietnam by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families of which there were 91 species of Noctuidae in the North Vietnam and some other moths known as the insect pests have been reported. In 1977 there were 77 species of Pyralidae known as the insect pests in the North Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to assess diversity of Lepidoptera order and to clarify the fauna in the Northern part of Vietnam, base on the Korea Vietnam collaborative insect-research project (2004-2006). The collecting have been conducted in four National Parks (Tam Dao, Cuc Phuong, Ba Be, and Bach Ma) Given results of the survey in the North of Vietnam from 2002 to 2006, 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Many of the identified species of macro-moths including Noctuidae, Pyraloidae and Lecithoceridae are known as the very newest one in Vietnam.

The purpose of this study is to illuminate the veracity of deployment of the North Korean psychological warfare unit to the Vietnam War and its activities. With the South Korean troops as its target, North Korea deployed over a hundred psychological warfare troops every year, beginning with the first unit of four dispatched in June of 1966. The North Korean psychological warfare unit produced and distributed propaganda leaflets and materials; taught the Vietcong the Korean language and means to abduct South Korean troops; operated Korean-language broadcasts; and conducted data investigation and radio monitoring. The most noteworthy of said activities was the distribution of propaganda bills. An analysis of fifty-eight propaganda bills collected at the time demonstrates forms as diverse as writing, photographs, drawings, and a combination of writing and photographs (or at times writing and drawings). The contents involved propaganda regarding the characteristics of the war, instigation of anti-American and anti-government struggles, stimulation of nostalgia and decline of morale, and inducement of defection to North Korea. The illumination of North Korean participation in the Vietnam War is a crucial facet of better understanding the significance of the Vietnam War in contemporary Korean history as well as the security conditions of the Korean peninsula in the 1960s and the 1970s. Essential will be ongoing research on the North Korean involvement in the Vietnam War, a subject that has remained relegated to the sidelines thus far.