기체 분리막의 상업적 발전은 CO2 분리 효율을 향상시키는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 고분자량 PEO (high-Mw PEO)는 높은 CO2 용해도, 가격 경쟁성 및 견고한 기계적 특성을 가져 분리막 제조용 고분자로 유력하지만 그 특유의 결정성 으로 인해 기체 분리막에 응용이 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 결정성 감소를 위해 다양한 고분자 첨가제를 고분자량 PEO에 혼합 하는 방법을 제시하였다. 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG), 폴리프로필렌글리콜(PPG), 폴리아크릴산(PAA) 및 폴리비닐피롤리돈(PVP) 과 같은 상업적으로 이용 가능하고 섞임성이 좋은 수용성 고분자를 첨가제로 사용하여 PEO 결정성을 감소시킴으로써 가스 분리 성능을 향상시키고자 하였다. PEG 및 PPG의 경우 PEO의 결정 구조를 억제하지 못하고 분리막의 결함을 초래하였으나, PAA 및 PVP는 PEO의 결정 구조를 바꿔 결함이 없는 분리막을 제조하는 데 성공하였다. 고분자량 PEO 혼합막의 결정 구조 변화와 기체 분리 성능의 상관관계를 조사하여 본 연구의 결과와 이전에 기록된 결과를 바탕으로 고분자량 PEO에 대한 첨가 제 고분자의 설계 및 선택에 대한 통찰력을 제공하며, 이를 통해 비용 효율적이고 상업적으로 실용적인 CO2 분리막을 제조하 고자 하였다.

본 연구는 철도교 노후화에 따른 열차운행 중 신속 교체 및 재난·재해에 대한 급속 시공을 통하여 공기단축 및 시공성 확보로 국민의 사회적·경제적 피해를 최소화하고자 한다. 철도교 개량 등에서 필 수적인 8철도하로교 시공고도화 및 성능향상9을 위하여 신속 교체와 성능향상이 가능한 강합성 철도하 로교 설계·제작·시공 기술을 개발하고자 한다. 또한, 개발하고자 하는 강합성 하로교의 경우 철도교뿐 만 아니라 도로교에서 적용하고자 하며, 철도교는 상부구조가 단경간 형식으로 이루어지고 있어 철도 교 사용성 검토에 큰 문제가 없으나 도로교의 경우 바닥판 연속화를 고려 중에 있어, 이에 대한 온도 및 부모멘트 등 여러 문제점을 검토하였다. 상로교의 경우 다수의 거더에 의해 바닥판이 지지되므로 PS의 중요성이 부각될 수 없지만, 하로교의 바닥판은 양단 거더에 의한 고정지지이므로 RC구조 적용 이 어려워, 강합성 또는 PSC 공법을 일반적으로 적용한다. 기존 강합성 구조는 비용, 공기 측면에서 지양하고 PSC 구조의 가로보 및 바닥판과 강재 거더를 합성한 하로교를 개발하고자 한다.

As a means to activate eco pastoral system in alpine grassland, the government can consider public pastures, which are currently unused, to scale them up into public ranches. Depending on ownership and operation, four management models proposed as follows: 1) Government-Owned and Operated with Balanced Profit and Loss 2) Government-Owned and Operated with Revenue Generation 3) Government-Owned but Privately Operated by Outsourced to Professional Manager 4) Full Privatization (Ownership and Operation by Private Individuals). The study outlined above proposes four management models for the activation of eco pastoral system in alpine grassland. It also suggests methods for the selection and performance evaluation of manager to establish a profitable structure. Additionally, the research provides management methods for the conservation of grazing ecology in pastoral ecosystems. Particularly, the adaptation of tools commonly used in South Korean business sector for the selection and performance evaluation of manager within the system of the proposed management models. This aspect is deemed valuable as it aligns these tools with the specific characteristics of eco pastoral system in alpine grassland, contributing not only to the effective implementation of the models but also to the enhancement of the revenue structure.

최근 지구 온난화의 영향으로 태풍의 파괴력이 증가함에 따라 부유식 해상풍력발전기의 막대한 유실과 붕괴에 대한 우려가 깊어지고 있다. 부유식 해상풍력발전기의 안전한 운영을 위해 새로운 형태의 탈착형 계류 시스템 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서 고 려한 새로운 반잠수식 계류 풀리는 기존의 탈착형 계류 장치에 비해 계류 라인으로 부유식 해상풍력 터빈을 보다 쉽게 탈부착할 수 있도 록 고안되었다. 8MW급 부유식 해상풍력발전기에 적용 가능한 반잠수식 계류 풀리의 초기 설계에 대한 구조적 안전성을 검토하기 위해 3D 프린터를 이용하여 축소구조모형을 제작하고, 이 모형에 대한 구조시험을 수행하였다. 축소 모형의 구조시험을 위해 3D 프린팅에 사 용된 ABS 소재의 인장 시편을 제작하고 인장시험을 수행하여 소재의 물성을 평가하였다. 인장시험에서 얻은 재료 특성과 축소모형 구조 시험과 동일한 하중 및 경계 조건을 적용하여 반잠수식 계류 풀리의 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소해석을 통해 반잠수식 계류 풀 리의 구조적 취약 부분을 검토하였다. 반잠수식 계류 풀리의 주요 하중조건을 고려하여 구조모형시험을 수행하였으며, 재료의 최대인장 응력 이상이 발생하는 위치에 대해 유한요소해석과 시험 결과를 비교하였다. 유한요소해석과 모형시험의 결과로부터 작동조건에서는 Body와 Wheel의 연결부 구조가 취약한 것으로 파악되었고, 계류조건에서는 Body와 Chain stopper의 연결부 구조가 취약한 것으로 검토되었 다. 축소모형 구조시험에서 나타난 SMP의 구조 취약부는 구조해석의 결과와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 통해 반잠수식 계류 풀리의 초기 설계에 대한 구조적 안전성을 실험적으로 검증할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구 결과는 상세설계 단계에서 반잠수식 계류 풀리의 구조 강도를 향상시키는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

강진은 적절한 내진 설계 기술이 적용되지 않으면 건물 붕괴로 인하여 극심한 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 이를 해결할 수 있는 면진 기술은 구조물과 지반 사이에 베어링 장치를 적용하여 지진 에너지를 흡수하고 건물에 전달되는 진동을 감쇠한 다. 본 연구는 고무 마찰 베어링 장치의 구조물 적용성을 검증하고 지진으로부터 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 고무 마찰 베어링 프레임 구조물에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과로써 최대 지붕 가속도와 총 밑면 전단력이 감소되어 내진 성능을 확인하였다. 또한, 최대 층간 변위 및 최대 잔류 층간 변위에 대한 분석 결과로 프레임 구조물을 경제적 복구 수준의 결과를 도 출하여 고무 마찰 베어링 장치의 우수한 내진 성능을 확인하였다.

In this study, alternative seismic force-resisting systems for plant structure supporting equipment were designed, and the seismic performance thereof was compared using nonlinear dynamic analysis. One alternative seismic force-resisting system was designed per the requirement for ordinary moment-resisting and concentrically braced frames but with a reduced base shear. The other seismic force-resisting system was designed by accommodating seismic details of intermediate and unique moment-resisting frames and special concentrically braced frames. Different plastic hinge models were applied to ordinary and ductile systems based on the validation using existing test results. The control model obtained by code-based flexible design and/or reduction of base shear did not satisfy the seismic performance objectives, but the alternative structural system did by strengthened panel zones and a reduced effective buckling length. The seismic force to equipment calculated from the nonlinear dynamic analysis was significantly lower than the equivalent static force of KDS 41 17 00. The comparison of design alternatives showed that the seismic performance required for a plant structure could be secured economically by using performance-based design and alternative seismic-force resisting systems adopting minimally modified seismic details.

In this study, an incremental loading test of the HRS(Hybrid Rubber Slit) damper was additionally performed to define the physical characteristics according to the incremental test results, and an analytical study was performed according to the damping design procedure by selecting an example structure. As a result of performing seismic performance evaluation before reinforcement by selecting a RC structure similar to an actual school structure as an example structure, the story drift ratio was satisfied, but some column members collapsed due to bending deformation. In order to secure the seismic performance, the damping design procedure of the HRS damper was presented and performed. As a result of calculating the amount of damping device according to the expected damping ratio and applying it to the example structure, the hysteresis behavior was stable without decrease in strength, and the story drift ratio and the shear force were reduced according to the damping effect. Finally the column members that had collapsed before reinforcement satisfied the LS Level.

The precast-buckling restrained braces(PC-BRB) reinforced with engineering plastics that can compensate for the disadvantages in the manufacturing process of the existing buckling restrained brace. In this study, to examine the applicability of PC-BRB to actual structures, example structures similar to school facilities were selected and the reinforcement effect was analyzed analytically according to the damping design procedure of PC-BRB. Load-displacement curve through the incremental loading test appeared similar to the bilinear curve. Applying test result, Analytical model of PC-BRB model was constructed and applied to the example structure. As a result of the analysis, the PC-BRB showed stable hysteresis behavior without lowering the strength, and the inter story drift ratio and the shear force were reduced due to the damping effect. In addition, the reduction ratio of the shear force was similar to the reduction ratio assumed when designing the damping device.

목조건축물에 주로 적용되고 있는 철물 접합 시스템은 모재인 나무와 접합부재인 철재 간의 강도 차이 및 재질의 이질성으로 인한 외관상의 위화감 등이 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 재료 가공의 편의성으로 프리컷 시스템이 도입되었고, 시공성 을 해결하기 위한 새로운 재료 및 시스템의 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 자연재료를 그 원료로 하여 미관상 목조건축물에 위화감이 없는 황토 압밀 플레이트를 개발하였다. 황토 및 소석회를 원료로 하여 제작한 시험체의 양생방법(기건 양생, CO2 양 생)에 따른 성능을 평가하기 위해 질량 변화, 지압 강도, 흡수율, 표면상태, 열중량변화 측정 및 SEM을 통한 생성광물의 미시적인 부분을 관찰하였다. 또한 제조과정에서의 온실가스 배출 및 흡수에 따른 환경성능평가를 수행하였다. 기건 양생한 시험체에 비해 CO2 챔버에 양생한 시험체는 원료인 소석회의 탄산화 반응으로 인한 탄산칼슘의 생성으로 역학적 성능이 향상되었다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 원료인 소석회의 탄산화반응으로 인해 생석회 제조시 발생하는 CO2량의 70% 이상을 재흡수 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, the retractable-roof spatial structure was chosen as the analytical model and a tuned mass damper (TMD) was installed in the analytical model in order to control the seismic response. The analysis model is mainly consisted of runway trusses (RT) and transverse trusses (TT), and the displacement response was analyzed by installing TMD on those trusses. The mass of the single TMD which is installed in the analytical model was set to 1% of the total structure mass and the total TMD mass ratio was set to be 8% or 6%. In addition, the mass of a single TMD was varied depending on the number of installations. As a result of analyzing the optimal number of installations of TMD, the displacement response was reduced in all cases compared to the case without TMD. Above all, the case with 8 TMDs was the most effective in reducing he displacement response. However, in this case, as the load on the upper structure of the retractable-roof spatial structure increases, the total mass ratio of TMD was maintained and the number of TMDs was increased to reduce the mass ratio of one TMD.

최근 국내의 지진발생 빈도가 증가함에 따라, 지진피해 저감 시스템 중 가장 효율이 높은 제진방식의 문제점을 해결하며 댐퍼의 복원성과 에너지 소산 능력을 증가시켜 잔류변형 감소와 사용성 증대 효과를 발생시키는 새로운 제진설계 방식이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 학교 등 기존에 시공된 비내진상세 철근콘크리트 구조물의 지진에 의한 뒤틀림 방지, 횡방향 변위제어 및 진동저감을 위하여 구조물의 양 옆에 원형강봉댐퍼를 설치하는 시스템을 제안하고, 2층 철근콘크리트골조 실험체를 반복횡 하중 가력 하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. 무보강 및 보강 실험체들의 실험결과를 비교한 결과 외부보강용 원형강봉댐퍼 시스템이 2층 철근콘크리트 골조의 강성과 에너지소산면적을 증가시켜 내진성능을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 원형강봉댐퍼가 지진 에너지를 소산하여 지진력을 흡수함을 확인하였다.

In the precedent study, the retractable-roof spatial structure was selected as the analytical model and a tuned mass damper (TMD) was installed to control the dynamic response for the earthquake loads. Also, it is analyzed that the installation location of TMD in the analytical model and the optimal number of installations. A single TMD mass installed in the analytical model was set up 1% of the mass of the whole structure, and the optimum installation location was derived according to the number of change. As a result, it was verified that most effective to install eight TMDs regardless of opening or closing. Thus, in this study, eight TMDs were installed in the retractable-roof spatial structure and the optimum mass ratio was inquired while reducing a single TMD. In addition, the optimum mass distribution ratio was identified by redistributing the TMD masses differently depending on the installation position, using the mass ratio of vibration control being the most effective for seismic load. From the analysis results, as it is possible to confirm the optimum mass distribution ratio according to the optimum mass ratio and installation location of the TMD in the the retractable-roof spatial structure, it can be used as a reference in the TMD design for large space structure.

High power trends in the diesel engines due to engine downsizing do not provide noise attenuation that can be satisfied with the performance of the existing silencer on account of high frequency increases in the exhaust noise. This study improves the attenuation performance of the exhaust silencer of the diesel engine and suggests silencer structure that performs best attenuation performance, especially at the high frequency range in the exhaust noise. It proposes dual silencer structure with an average attenuation performance of 6.4 dB and a maximum of 10.7 dB in the high frequency range (over 500 Hz), and analyzes its characteristics compared with the existing silencer. The performance analysis is performed according to 'Measurements on silencers in situation–ISO 11820:1996 Acoustics' and describes the results of comparative analysis with the existing silencer.

We fabricated a Li-S battery with post-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) films which offered better support for sulfur, and investigated the effect of the surface properties and pore structure of the post-treated CNT films on Li-S battery performance. Post-treatments, i.e., acid treatment, unzip process and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) treatment, effectively modified the surface properties and pore structure of the CNT film. The modified pore structure impacted the ability of the CNT films to accommodate the catholyte, resulting in an increase in initial discharge capacity.

Introduction In the past study, the relationship between the power structure of marketing and research and development (R&D) and NPD performance was not consistent (Atuahene-Gima & Evangelista, 2000; Engelen & Brettel, 2012; Li & Atuahene-Gima, 1999, 2001). The inconsistency may result from each study in different industrial contexts. It reflects every NPD project faces different environmental uncertainties. Furthermore, we adopt the external control perspective to glue power structure and NPD performance under a certain external environment together. Therefore, this paper tends to fulfill the gap of prior study, and the main objective of this research is to investigate whether the power structure of marketing and R&D functions have different linear relationships under the different level of environmental uncertainty. A NPD team is like a cross-functional organization that the NPD team is composed of multiple functions, and it has independent budgets. The members in the team will allocate their limited resources like budgets or positions to respond environments and to maximize profits. Theoretical Development When a NPD team faces the high market uncertain situation, marketing function can gather more resources because of its own power. Thus, R&D members in a NPD team may have less determination in the process of NPD. Even though they create a new product, marketing specialists make most decisions in the NPD team. According to function’s contribution argument, the more contribution of a certain function to the NPD process, the more positive related to the new product success (Atuahene-Gima and Evangelista, 2000; Atuahene-Gima and Luca, 2008; Li and Atuahene-Gima, 1999). Therefore, the current study proposes the hypothesis1 described below: H1: Market uncertainty will strengthen the relationship between power structure leaned to marketing and NPD successes. When a NPD team encounters the fast technological change situation, R&D function has more resources because of power. New product teams, however, usually have scare resources, so that another important function like marketing will have fewer resources than R&D function. Thus, marketers in a NPD team may have less determination in the process of NPD. The marketers may have some influence on launch stage like sales and promotion or distribution channels (Hsieh et al., 2008), but R&D specialists make most decisions in a NPD team. Therefore, the current study proposes the hypothesis2described below: H2: Technological uncertainty will strengthen the relationship between power structure leaned to R&D and NPD successes. Eisenhardt and her colleagues indicated that the organizations in high velocity environments have better performance when they decentralize the power structure (Eisenhardt, 1989; Eisenhardt and Bourgeois, 1988). They also described that this firm tended to introduce a new product line, and that its channel partners were fighting with each other by price wars but the dominant marketing function did not have enough time to perform its regular job. To maintain its power and resources, the dominant function may highlight its importance, so it will withhold external information and enable other members to perceive the external environment what dominant function expect them to perceive. When organizations find a lot of environmental changes, it is too late. Therefore, in the beginning organizations adopted decentralized power structure, and allocated resources equally. The members in organizations may not snatch resources, so they may not take political actions also. For the specialists in new product development team, they could not control their unique knowledge to withhold the information and to satisfy their own self-interests. Therefore, the relationship between marketing and R&D power distribution in a NPD team and new product financial performance is weakened in high velocity environments (Eisenhardt and Bourgeois, 1988). The hypothesis3 in the current study is below: H3: the relation between the power distribution in new product development teams and new product development successes is inverted U curve under the high technological and market uncertainty. Coping environment could rely on top manager’s backgrounds like marketing, technology or finance (Hambrick and Mason, 1984). To maintain the status of the dominant function, the dominant function will lead the organization to identify the important problems related to its function. In order to ensure keeping their power, moreover, the dominant function could institute some regulations or create norms. According to resource dependence perspective, if an organization has higher the formalization of power, the dominant function could gather more resources because of legitimacy. Further, the higher formalization of power may strengthen the relationship between power distribution and performance. Thus, our hypothesis 4 is below: H4: Under the higher formalization of power in a new product development team, the stronger relationship between the marketing and R&D power distribution and new product performance than under the lower degree of formalization of power situation. Research Design The current study used questionnaire survey and purposive sampling method to collect data. In order to eliminate the bias of common method variance (CMV), this study conducted multiple sources including project managers, the member charging marketing, and the member charging R&D to administrate questionnaires differently. In order to avoid selection bias, this study, moreover, asked the informants select the most recent new products developed and launched for minimum of twelve months. We sent three types of questionnaires to project managers, the member charging marketing, and the member charging R&D respectively. The current study sent questionnaires to 112 firms, and 69 firms are returned. The response rate is 61.61%. At new product level, there are 207 new product projects, and 100 firms are returned. The response rate is 48.31%. We also do tests of bias due to nonresponse which were conducted by using a comparison of early to late respondents’ all variable means (Armstrong & Overton, 1977). No evidence of a bias was found. The current study applied Moorman’s (1995) operationalization of new product performance is that the extent to which the product has achieved the objective of market share, sales, return on assets, profit margin, and return on investment during the first 12 months of its life in the marketplace. These items were used a 7-point Likert scale where 1 was “low” and 7 was “high”. This research adopted Homburg et al. (1999) scale to measure the power structure between marketing and R&D functions by using 100-point constant-sum scale for each NPD issue, and other previous studies also used issue-based perceptual power scale (Enz, 1989; Hinings et al., 1974; Pfeffer, 1981; Verhoef and Leeflang, 2009). The current study adopted Jaworski and Kohli’s (1993) scale to measure market and technological turbulence. The items were used a 7-point Likert scale where 1 was “extremely disagree” to 7 was “extremely agree”. In order to rule out other effects, we controlled industrial category, firm age, the number of marketing and R&D members involved in the NPD process, environmental hostility. Result and Conclusion The first finding is that under low market uncertainty and high technological uncertainty, balance of power structure tends to swing to the side of R&D function, and achieve better in NPD performance. Take IC design of High-tech industry as an instance, NPD project ends to perform better when the balance of power structure swing to the side of R&D function. The second finding is that under high market uncertainty and low technological uncertainty, NPD formalization helps to strengthen the relationship between marketing and NPD performance. Take frozen dessert in the food industry or leisure and sports fabrics in the textile industry as examples, formalization of NPD process can help marketing-driven NPD projects perform better in market. These findings advanced the understanding of the relationship between the power structure of marketing and R&D and NPD performance, rather than focusing on a single function, marketing or R&D. Furthermore, examining the relationship between the power structure of marketing and R&D and NPD performance in different environment uncertainty situations explained the inconsistency of the relationship between the power structure of marketing and R&D and NPD performance in past studies. Finally, this research conditionally supported the moderating effect of NPD formalization on the relationship between the power structure of marketing and R&D and NPD performance, and this exploration never been found.

In this study, finite element (FE) analysis was performed to evaluate the seismic performance of the water treatment plant, which is a major state of the art water treatment plant, to predict tensile cracks and compressive failure. The FE model simulation for two facilities of the water purification plant was made considering the initial conditions, boundary conditions and water effect. For the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seismic analysis was performed using ground acceleration. Tensile cracks and compressive failure are analyzed and the effects on the structures are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, tensile cracks can be predicted to occur in the main structure.

This study aims to establish a seismic resistance performance evaluation method that makes sure to secure the seismic resistance performance of the existing mid-low story reinforced concrete structures. This study focuses on the development of the seismic resistance performance evaluation method for the overall seismic resistance performance evaluation on the buildings by applying fuzzy theory. This seismic resistance performance evaluation method considers the mutual relations among the type of force, the type of member, the type of story, and the states of deterioration of the buildings. The total seismic resistance performance index from this method was calculated by the intensity weight of each evaluation item, fuzzy measure, fuzzy integration. Moreover, the evaluation methodology was established in this study to identify the performance level of the Immediate Occupancy, Life Safe, Collapse Prevention by applying the fuzzy theory.