After the major radioactivation structures (RPV, Core, SG, etc.) due to neutron irradiation from the nuclear fuel in the reactor are permanently shut down, numerous nuclides that emit alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays, etc. exist within the radioactive structures. In this study, nuclides were selected to evaluate the source term for worker exposure management (external exposure) at the time of decommissioning. The selection of nuclides was derived by sequentially considering the four steps. In the first stage, the classification of isotopes of major nuclides generated from the radiation of fission products, neutron-radiated products, coolant-induced corrosion products, and other impurities was considered as a step to select evaluation nuclides in major primary system structures. As a second step, in order to select the major radionuclides to be considered at the time of decommissioning, it is necessary to select the nuclides considering their half-life. Considering this, nuclides that were less than 5 years after permanent suspension were excluded. As a third step, since the purpose of reducing worker exposure during decommissioning is significant, nuclides that emit gamma rays when decaying were selected. As a final step, it is a material made by radiation from the fuel rod of the reactor and is often a fission product found in the event of a Severe accident at a nuclear power plant, and is excluded from the nuclide for evaluation at the time of decommissioning is excluded. The final selected Co-60 is a nuclide that emits high-energy gamma rays and was classified as a major nuclide that affects the reduction of radiation exposure to decommissioning workers. In the future, based on the nuclide selection results derived from this study, we plan to study the evaluation of worker radiation exposure from crud to decommissioning workers by deriving evaluation results of crud and radioactive source terms within the reactor core.

Physicochemical properties and storage stability of plant-based alternative meat prepared with low-fat soybean powder (LPAM) treated by supercritical-CO2 and those of full-fat soybean powder (FPAM) were compared. Ash and crude protein contents were higher in LPAM than in FRAM. Water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity were significantly higher in LPAM than in FPAM. Water binding capacity was higher in LPAM than in FPAM during a 20 days storage period at 5℃ and pH was significantly lower in LPAM than in FPAM after a 5~10 days storage period. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness significantly increased with the increase in the storage period, and the three were significantly higher in LPAM than in FPAM after 10 days and 20 days of storage. The acid value showed no remarkable difference according to the storage period in LPAM; however, it was significantly higher in FPAM than in LPAM after 20 days of storage. The peroxide value and TBA value were significantly increased according to the storage period, and were significantly lower iin LPAM than in FPAM during all the storage periods. Therefore, the use of low-fat soybean powder may be effective in improving oxidative stability during storage in the production of plant-based alternative meat.

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontal disease are bone destructive diseases mainly caused by inflammation. Various studies are being conducted to develop treatments for inflammatory bone destructive diseases. Many of these studies involve plant-derived natural compounds. In these studies, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, and bone resorption were measured at the cellular level. In disease-induced animal models, the amount of inflammatory mediators or matrix destructive enzymes and serum metabolic markers were measured. This study examined the effects of plant-derived natural compounds, such as flavonoids, on inflammatory bone destructive diseases. In addition, we structurally classified various substances used to maintain bone health and summarized the biological effects and related mechanisms of the components.

본 연구는 3차원 영상을 이용하여 원예산물의 크기와 플러그묘의 평균초장을 결정하고자 수행되었다. 3차원 영 상을 획득하고자 ToF 카메라와 스테레오비전 카메라를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 3차원 영상 획득용 실험 재료로서 수박, 사과, 배, 단호박, 오렌지의 원예산물과 수박, 토마토 및 고추 플러그묘를 사용하였다. 플러그묘의 평균 초장을 결정하는 지표로서 기존의 측정 기준 대신에 수정초장이 제시되었다. 스테레오비전 영상에 비해서 ToF 영상을 이용한 경우에 원예산물의 크기와 플러그묘의 평균초장 오차가 작게 나타났다. 꼭지가 있는 원예산물을 제외할 경우 ToF 영상을 이용한 원예산물의 둘레와 높이의 오차는 각각 0.0-3.0%, 0.0-4.7%로 나타났다. 또한, 플러그묘의 평균 초장에 대한 오차는 0.0-5.5%로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 서 3차원 영상을 이용한 원예산물의 크기와 플러그묘에 대한 초장 추정의 가능성을 확인하였다. 더구나, 본 연구에서 시도된 방법은 3차원 영상으로부터 물체와 배경의 효과적인 분리, 이상치의 제거 등에 활용될 것이다.

오늘날 환경오염이 심각하고 폐기물이 양산되고 있는 상황에서 자원재 활용법은 1회용품의 규제를 위한 제조업자 등에 대한 재활용의무와 그 위반에 대한 권고, 부담금 등의 부과 및 1회용품 사용 금지 위반에 대한 과태료 처분을 규정하고 있다. 그런데 1회용품 사용 규제에 있어서는 현실적으로 제기되는 문제점은 첫째, 일회용품 사용 규제에 대한 명확한 가이드라인이 없고, 정부의 단속도 형식적이라는 것이다. 따라서 1회용품 사용 규제가 현실과의 괴리가 있고 규제(단속)도 비일관성・비체계성이라는 것이다. 둘째, 재활용의 무자의 재활용 의무 부과와 의무불이행 시 부과금 부과와 폐기물 부담금 등 이중규제가 행해지고 있으며, 부담금 운영에 있어서도 실효성이 미흡 하다는 것이다. 셋째, 재활용지정사업자 등이 재활용 지침 권고를 따르지 않는 경우 곧바로 명단공개 및 필요한 조치로 이어져 개인의 기본권(사생활) 침해 우려와 행정기관의 부작위로 인한 재량권의 남용으로 발생할 수 있다는 것이다. 넷째, 1회용품 사용 금지 위반에 따른 실효성 확보 측 면에서 과태료 부과의 적절성이 문제되고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 해결방안으로는 첫째, 제조업자 등의 생산, 유통 단계에서의 재활용 의무를 부여하고, 관련 시설과 업소에서의 1회용품 사용을 규제하는 것이 바람직하다. 1회용품의 사용금지의 법적 기준, 범위, 한계, 방법, 제재조치 등이 구체화되어야 한다. 둘째, 1회용품에 대한 부담금 부과의 요건으로서 제품의 제조 단계에서부터 재활용이 쉬운 제품을 만들도록 유도하고 재활용 처리에 드는 부담금 부과와 폐기물 처리 부담금도 부과해야 한다. 다만 이중규제 부담을 완화하기 위한 조정이 필요하다. 셋째, 1회용품(폐기물)의 적정한 처리를 위한 지침의 준수에 대한 권고와 1회용품의 사용 규제에 대한 실효성 확보를 위해서는 그의 불이행정도와 횟수에 따른 명단공표와 필요한 조치 등 규제를 가하는 것이 바람직하다. 넷째, 1회용품 사용 금지 위반에 대한 제재(과태료)가 법적 규정과는 달리 실제적으로는 제각각이므로 과태료 부과의 사유, 대상, 금액 등에 있어서 일관성있고 체계적인 부과・징수가 필요하다. 또 1회 용품 사용 금지 위반에 대한 벌금과 징역도 고려된다.

Study on effluent organic matter (EfOM) characteristic and removal efficiency is required, because EfOM is important in regard to the stability of effluents reuse, quality issues of artificial recharge and water conservation of aqueous system. UV technology is widely used in wastewater treatment. Many reports have been conducted on microbial disinfection and micro pollutant reduction with UV treatment. However, the study on EfOM with UV has limited because low/medium pressure UV lamp is not sufficient to affect refractory organics. The high intensity of pulsed UV would mineralize EfOM itself as well as change the characteristics of EfOM. Chlorine demand and DBPs formation is affected on the changed amounts and properties of EfOM. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect on EfOM, chlorine residual, and chlorinated DBPs formation with low pressure and pulsed UV treatment. The removal of organic matter through low pressure UV treatment is insignificant effect. Pulsed UV treatment effectively removes/transforms EfOM. As a result, the chlorine consumption is changed and chlorine DBPs formation is decreased. However, excessive UV treatment caused problems of increasing chlorine consumption and generating unknown by-products.

The object of this paper is investigate noise source at metal material product manufacturing plant and create noise map for predict noise. The plant is located close to a residential area, and residents noise exposure damage expected. Through this research 68 points noise sources were measured. And according to analysis result, 30 percent of noise sources are measured above 90dB(A). Based on this measurement results were create a noise map, and comparison between the predicted noise and the background noise. The noise maps were calculated by noise prediction software using measurement data, GIS data, ESRI SHP files and actual survey data. As a analysis result, metal material products manufacturing plants are will have an effect by noise on the nearby residential area.

The HWND_G02 (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Cnidium officinale Makino) and HWND_G03 (Cinnamonum cassia Blume, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Cnidium officinale Makino, Allium macrostemon Bunge) are new natural mixture composed with several oriental herbs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of HWND extracts on high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, HCD, atorvastatin (5 ㎎/㎏, po), ethanolic extracts of HWND_G02 (1,000 ㎎/㎏, po) and HWND_G03 (1,000 ㎎/㎏, po) were administered to the HCD-induced hyperlipidemic rats for 4 weeks to evaluate their anti-hyperlipidemic activities. HWND extracts markedly decreased body and liver wight gain, and recovered serum lipid levels, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the HCDinduced hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, the lipid levels (TC and TG) and the lipid accumulation were significantly lowered in the liver tissue of HWND-administrated rats. After a HCD, each group had a lower atherogenic index (AI) compared to the HCD group. In conclusion, these data suggest that HWND extracts could be the candidate for the material to prevent hyperlipidemia.

1994년 성수대교 붕괴사고 이후 강구조물의 품질 관리를 위해 철강구조물제작공장 인증제도가 건설기술관리법에 도입되어 법정임의 인증제도로 운영되고 있다. 그러나 콘크리트 부재의 공장 생산 방식인 PC (Precast Concrete)에 대해 국가적인 품질인증 체계는 마련되어있지 않다. 이에 건축 구조용 PC를 대상으로 적절한 품질인증제도 도입을 위해 북미, 유럽, 일본 등의 PC 품질인증제도를 조사하였다. 북미에서 PC 공장인증제도를 운영하고 있는 곳은 PCI, NPCA, CPCI 등이 있다. 유럽에서 PC 제품을 판매하기 위해서는 CPR 305/2011을따르도록 법으로 정해져 PC 제품을 포함한 모든 건설 제품은 2013년 7월부터 CE 마크를 의무적으로 부착해야 한다. 일본의 경우 토목용PC 제품은 제품인증인 JIS 마크 인증을 받도록 되어 있고 건축 구조용 PC를 생산하는 공장은 일본 프리패브협회의 심사를 받고 있다. 이런 조사 결과에 근거하여 국내 인증 체계에 부합될 수 있도록 건축 구조용 PC 제품의 인증제도의 도입 방향을 이 논문에 제시하였다.