현행 전자금융거래법 상 전자금융업종은 시행 16년이 지나 낡았고, 지나치 게 세분화되고 경직돼 있다. 이로 인해 최근의 전자금융시장과 업계의 현실 을 유연하고 탄력성 있게 반영할 수 없는 문제점을 노출하고 있다. 업종을 지나치게 세세하게 구분하다 보니, 동일한 기능임에도 불구하고 서로 다른 업종으로 분류되어 다른 규제가 적용되고 있다. 역외 적용 측면에서도 해외 전자금융업체에 적용하기 힘든 상황이다. 게다가 혁신적인 핀테크 서비스의 출현을 제도적으로도 뒷받침하지 못하게 해 우회적인 편법 영업을 만연하게 하는 현상마저 낳고 있다. 전자금융업종은 전자금융거래법의 핵심 규율체계이다. 글로벌 스탠다드에 맞는 원칙과 기준을 확립해 시장에 적합한 전자금융업종의 통합ㆍ개편을 시 급히 추진해야 할 것으로 본다. 먼저 전자금융업종 설계의 기본이 되는 전 자지급수단에 대한 개념정의와 종류를 외국 선진법제처럼 포괄적(네거티브) 탄력적으로 설계해 나가는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 전자지급수단을 기능 및 역할이 동일 유사한 형태끼리 통합하고 스테이블코인의 경우도 선불전자 지급수단으로 포섭하는 것을 검토해야 할 것으로 본다. 전자금융업종에 대해서도 EU, 일본처럼 원칙과 기능 중심으로 포괄적 설계 를 하는 것이 바람직해 보인다. 핀테크 등 혁신기업의 범위도 전자금융거래 법에서 이를 명확히 할 필요도 있다. 신생 혁신기업의 진입 활성화와 경쟁 촉진을 위해 Sliding Scale 제도나 스몰라이센스의 도입도 필요하다. 종합 지급결제사업자의 도입도 적극 검토할 필요가 있다. 전용 계좌와 연계된 고 객의 결제 관련 각종 데이터의 독자적 확보와 활용을 가능하게 해줘 다양한 부가 사업에 나설 수 있게 해줄 뿐만 아니라, 마이데이터의 고도화도 가능 해지기 때문이다. 오픈파이낸스 시대에 오픈뱅킹과 마이페이먼트의 법제화 도 시급하다. 현행 선불업자에 대한 규제도 공정거래위원회의 신유형상품권 표준약관과 규제 대상 중복문제와 자가형 발행업자들인 대형 백화점, 유통업체, 항공사 등이 배제되는 형평성 문제도 해소할 필요가 있다. 소액후불결제업무는 신 용공여가 주목적이 아니고 포용금융, 대안금융, 금융데이터사업의 성격이 강 한 만큼 소액후불결제의 혁신성, 이용자 후생 증진에 무게를 두고 전자금융 거래법 틀 내에서 세부 행위규제를 새로 설정하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각 한다. 전자금융보조업자들을 시장에 명확히 공개(공시)하여 금융회사·전자금융업자 의 전자금융보조업자에 대한 계약과 간접 감독에 만전을 기하고 전자금융보 조업자의 업무범위와 책임관계를 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 유럽 PSD2, PSD3, 일본 자금결제법에서처럼 전자지급거래 청산기관의 제 도화를 위해 해당 법 규정을 전자금융거래법에 반영하는 것도 바람직할 것 으로 본다. 그리고 전자금융거래법에 역외적용을 강화하는 내용을 반영, 국 내 사업자와의 형평성, 자국민(기업) 보호 차원에서 소비자보호를 위한 행위 규제, 진입규제 등은 강행규정으로서 행위 주체의 소재 국가와 상관없이 적 용되어야 할 것으로 본다.

This study examines the significance and problems of the Fourth Amendment to the Fisheries Act, which went into effect in January 2023. Following the passage of the Aquaculture Industry Development Act, the fourth amendment to the Fisheries Act sought to reform the fisheries legislative framework, while also including significant changes. In particular, a number of new systems for managing fishing gear have been implemented, and local governments now have some autonomy in fisheries management, which has allowed for adjustments to be made to meet the needs of the fishing industry and changes in socioeconomic situations. However, as independent legislation for each fisheries sector continues, the subject of regulation under the Fisheries Act, as well as the Act's position as a basic legal system, has been continuously reduced, overshadowing the Act's objective. As a result, a full-fledged assessment of changing the legislation's name in the future is required, as well as addressing issues such as the lack of difference in the legislative purpose clause and the necessity for further revision of the definition clause. Therefore, any future revisions to the Fisheries Act should aim to overhaul the existing framework, including fishing licenses and permits.

Among the public notices of the NSSC, five notices related to safeguards, including “Education of Nuclear Control, International Regulatory Materials, Preparation of Regulation of NMAC (Nuclear Material Accounting and Control), the National Inspection of NMAC, and Reporting of International Regulatory Materials” The regulations on the National Inspection of NMAC have remained the same since some revisions were made on December 26, 2017, raising the need to revise the public notice due to changes in the domestic and international safeguards regulatory environment. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the public notice of the National Inspection of NMAC and proposes the revision direction. The regulation regarding the National Inspection of NMAC comprises sections such as Purpose and Definition, Types - Scope - Frequency of the National Inspection, Notification of the National Inspection’s plan, and Management of Violation. Appendices include the contents of the violation table, explanations regarding types of violations, and various forms related to the National Inspection, which are attached separately. IAEA mentioned that ROK was selected as a pilot country for the Improved SLA (State-Level Approach) project starting in November 2020. IAEA explained that a quantitative and standardized methodology was adopted and developed for this purpose. As a result, the Unannounced Inspection at LWR facilities will transition to the Random Interim Inspection. Additionally, the Physical Inventory Verification in CANDU facilities will increase to once a year per reactor. This status will change the frequency and intensity of inspection at domestic nuclear facilities. Furthermore, domestically, there is an ongoing trend of continuous growth and diversification of nuclear facilities. In light of the changing domestic and international safeguards environment, it is necessary to set a direction for revising the regulation regarding the National Inspection of NMAC that was partially amended in 2017 to align with the current status. Firstly, due to the increased burden on operators resulting from the increased number of IAEA inspections following the application of Improved SLA, there is a need to streamline the National Inspection of NMAC frequency to enhance overall regulatory efficiency. Furthermore, the definition section should also be revised to include matters related to the regulation to reflect the current reality accurately. Considering the operation and name changes of new domestic nuclear facilities, there may be a need to add or modify computer input codes. While pursuing the revision of regulations regarding the National Inspection of NMAC, an analysis of the need for revision of other regulations related to safeguards should also be conducted, and directions should be set. Through this process, improving the regulatory framework that forms the basis of safeguards can help prevent confusion among operators and promote regulatory efficiency. We can better cope with these changes by proactively adapting to the rapidly changing domestic and international nuclear environment.

Ondol is a traditional underfloor heating system designated as a national intangible cultural heritage of Korea. The Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA) publishes a standard specification for the repair of cultural properties, including ondol. This standard specification is used as a guide for contractors who repair ondol in the field. However, the standard specification for ondol repair has some errors and is difficult to understand in the field. This paper proposes a revision of the standard specification for ondol repair. This study found that the standard specification for ondol repair has some problems in terms of the terminology and structure of ondol. These problems were sufficient to confuse ondol repairers in the field. Therefore, this study proposes to revise the standard specification to correct these errors and make it easier for ondol repairers in the field to understand. This study is expected to help recognize and preserve ondol as a cultural property and not just as a building.

본 연구는 경로의존성과 정책선도자의 개념으로 최근의 주요 경비업 법 개정 관련 논란 및 사태 등을 살펴, 10.29 참사 이후 경비업법 개 정 관련 논의를 하고자 한다. 이를 위해 각종 논문 및 학술자료와 신문 기사 등 자료를 통한 문헌분석 방법을 통해 살펴본다. 경비업법은 경비 업 제한(지도와 감독, 규제와 처벌 논리)법으로서 기능을 하여 왔으며, 경비업의 권한 남용의 방지에 관한 광범위한 기술적인 규정을 두는 경 로의존성을 지니고 있으며, 경비업법에서 정책선도자인 행정안전부(경 찰청)의 역할과 기능은 매우 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 결국, 경비업법의 경로의존성은 개정 입법 논의의 한계로 작용하고 정책선도자인 행정안 전부(경찰청)의 의지에 달렸다. 최근 10.29 참사로 인해 경비업법의 개 정에 대한 정책의 창이 열렸다. 그간의 경비업법 개정 과정 분석을 통 해 경로의존성과 정책선도자의 특성을 고려해 본다면, 개정의 논의가 순탄치 않음을 탐색해 볼 수 있다.

본 글의 문제의식은 위성정당 출현의 재발을 막기 위해 선거법에 대한 여야합의처리의 중요성을 강조하는 것이다. 본 글의 목적은 선거법 개정 방향의 대안을 모색하기 위해 여야합의가 깨진 상황에서 민주당의 다수 결주의에 따른 졸속적인 준연동형 비례제 선거법의 강행처리가 어떻게 위성정당을 제도화하고 21대 총선에서 양당제 효과를 구축하였는지를 인 과론적으로 살펴보는 데 있다. 당연한 결과이지만 이런 위성정당의 출현 과 제도화는 소수정당의 정치적 진출을 활성화하여 다당체제 구축 효과 를 기대했던 준연동형 비례제 선거법의 취지를 무력화하였다는 점에서, 졸속적인 선거법 논의과정과 다수결주의에 따른 강행처리의 문제점을 근 본적으로 시정해야 한다는 것을 강조하였다. 본 글에서는 “독일식 연동형 비례대표제” 대신 “한국식 병립형 비례대표제”로의 전환을 제언하고 있다.

In Korea, the NUREG-0017 methodology based on realistic model for reactor coolant concentrations are used to estimate the annual radioactive effluent releases for normal operation of nuclear power plant. The realistic model to estimate the radionuclide concentrations in reactor coolant is formulated as a standard, ANSI/ANS-18.1. This standard has provided a set of the reference radionuclide concentrations and adjustment factors for estimating the radioactivity in the principal fluid systems of target plant. Since ANSI/ANS-18.1 was first published in 1976, it was revised in 1984, 1999, 2016, and most recently in 2020. Therefore, this study analyzed revision history of assessment methodology of radioactive source term of light water reactors, which is ANSI/ANS-18.1. Assessment methodology of radioactive source term given ANSI/ANS-18.1 is by using radionuclide concentrations for reactor coolant and steam generator fluid of the reference plant and adjustment factors, which is modifying radioactive source term according to differences in design parameters between reference plant and target plant. There are three type of reference plant: PWR with u-tube steam generator, PWR with once-through steam generator, and BWR. This study analyzed for PWR with u-tube steam generator. Although the standard was revised, evaluation methodology and formula of adjustment factor have been retained, but some of items have been revised. First revision item is reduction of the number of radionuclides and decrease of radioactive concentration in reactor coolant. In the 1976 version of the standard, there were 71 target radionuclides, but the target nuclides have reduced to 57 in 1984 and 56 after 1999. In the case of radioactive concentration in reactor coolant, as the version of standard was updated, the radioactive concentration of 18 nuclides in 1984, 14 nuclides in 1999, and 25 radionuclides in 2016 was decreased. Most of the radionuclides with decrease radioactivity concentration were fission product, it is resulted from improvement of nuclear fuel performance. Second revision item is change of adjustment factors. After the revision in 2016, the adjustment factors for zinc addition plants using natural or depleted zinc are changed. This study analyzed revision history of evaluation methodology of radioactive source term of light water reactors. Furthermore, result of this study will be contributed to the improvement of understanding of assessment methodology and revision history for the radioactive source term.

New buildings have been designed using different seismic design standards that have been revised. However, the seismic performance of existing buildings is evaluated through the same performance evaluation guidelines. Existing buildings may not satisfy the performance targets suggested in the current guidelines, but there are practical limitations to discriminating the existing buildings with poor seismic performance through a full investigation. In this regard, to classify buildings with poor seismic performance according to the applied standard, this study aimed to evaluate performance-based investigation of the seismic design proposals of buildings with different design standards. The target buildings were set as RC ordinary moment frames for office occupancy. Changes in seismic design criteria by period were analyzed, and the design spectrum changes of reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frames were compared to analyze the seismic load acting on the building during design. The seismic design plan was derived through structural analysis of the target model, compared the member force and cross-sectional performance, and a preliminary evaluation of the seismic performance was performed to analyze the performance level through DCR. As a result of the seismic performance analysis through the derived design, the reinforced concrete ordinary moment frame design based on AIK 2000 has an insufficient seismic performance level, so buildings built before 2005 are likely to need seismic reinforcement.