In this study, in order to develop a method to efficiently inject essential nutrients necessary for plant growth into wood chips, which are simply used as soil covering materials in the agriculture, landscaping and horticultural industries, the atmospheric pressure dipping method and the vacuum pressure impregnating method are used to improve the plant nutrients injectability and impregnation amount were comparatively analyzed. Nutrient ingredients and 8 major heavy metal contents of wood chips injected with nutrients were analyzed, and soil covering effects were examined by covering wood chips injected with nutrients on soil. Comparing the dipping method and the vacuum pressure impregnation method, it took about 48 hours or more to inject 1,500 g or more of the nutrient aqueous solution into 1 kg of wood chips in the dipping method, but the vacuum pressure impregnation method could be impregnated in about 5 minutes. Components of the impregnated nutrients were detected in proportion to the diluted concentration. As a result of covering the wood chips developed in this study on soil, they showed weakly acidic pH, and the heat insulation and moisturizing effects during the winter season were evaluated to be superior to those of uncovered soil. In the future, wood chips impregnated with nutrients are expected to contribute to the more efficient use of waste wood resources and the long-term supply of nutrients essential for plant growth, reducing excessive use of chemical fertilizers and reducing costs.

환경오염과 지구온난화 등으로 식재지 토양의 협소화와 척박화, 병해충, 농약 및 살충제의 오·남용 등으로 생활권 수목에 다양한 장애들이 발생하고 있다. 그 중 비전문가에 의한 식재, 도로건설이나 포장, 수목 주변의 시설물 설치 등으로 과복토에 의한 피해가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 과복토에 의한 피해를 살펴보기 위한 연구의 일환으로 복토 깊이와 토양을 달리해 2014년부터 2017년까지 소나무와 벚나무의 생육변화를 조사하였다. 2017년도 소나무의 토양호흡은 대조구가 42.15mg·kg-1·h-1, 마사토 100cm가 32.47mg·kg-1·h-1, 사질양토 100cm가 33.48mg·kg-1·h-1로 대조구보다 10mg·kg-1·h-1 정도 낮은 것으로 측정되었고, 2014년에 비해 2017년의 흉고직경은 대조구가 3.70cm, 마사토 100cm가 3.67cm, 사질양토 100cm가 3.53cm 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 절간생장량은 대조구가 23.30cm, 마사토 100cm가 13.40cm, 사질양토 100cm가 11.31cm로 큰 폭의 변화를 보였으나, JnusMeter1의 측정에 의한 형성층 전기저항치는 미미한 차이가 있는 조사구가 있으나 전체적으로 차이가 없었다. 2017년도 벚나무의 토양호흡은 대조구가 43.81mg·kg-1·h-1, 마사토 100cm가 36.49mg·kg-1·h-1, 사질양토 100cm가 31.55mg·kg-1·h-1로 소나무와 비슷한 경향으로 나타났고, 2014년에 비해 2017년의 흉고직 경은 대조구가 2.97cm, 마사토 100cm가 4.69cm, 사질양토 100cm가 2.97cm 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 2017년도 벚나무의 개화시기는 다른 조사구에 비해 50cm 이상 구역에서 3일 빨리 시작되었다. 형성층 전기저항치는 소나무와 같이 미미한 차이가 있는 조사구가 있으나 전체적으로 차이가 없었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of natural degrading polymer film covering in rice paddies on the benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in Dangsu-dong, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do from May 2009 to September 2009. We compared 5 treatments: golden apple snail farming (GF), natural degrading polymer film + organic farming (NOF), natural degrading polymer film + chemical farming (NCF), conventional farming (CF)，and no fertilization (NF) as the control. The total number of species was highest in NOF followed by GF, NF, NCF, and CF. The total number of individuals was highest in NOF followed by NCF, CF, NF, and GF. The Dominance index (DI) ranged from 0.43 to 0.95. The highest dominance index was in GF followed by NCF, NF-CF, and NOF. The species diversity index (H") for each experimental plot ranged from 0.49 to 2.93. The average species diversity index was highest in NOF followed by NF, GF, CF，and NCF. After the natural degrading polymer film covered the paddies, the benthic macroinvertebrates tended to recover, but leeches and aquatic beetles increased, Mollusca and Annelida, which are sensitive taxa, decreased in both species and individual numbers after the soil was covered with the natural degrading polymer film. The number of species tended to recover. However, the number of individuals continued to decrease.d, especially individuals. Since then, the number of species tended to recover. However, the number of individuals decreased.

Background : The rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice or a traditional medicine. It contains the phenolic compounds, such as gingerol, zingerone and shogaols as the major pungent compound. Ginger is commonly used for various types of "stomach problems," including motion sickness, colic, upset stomach, gas, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea. The cultivation area of ginger is 1,046 ha, and it is cultivated as 5th of 55 medicinal crops in Korea (2016). When ginger is cultivated in a vinyl house, the growing periods can be prolonged by early sowing and the yield is improved compared to the conventional cultivation. This experiment was carried out to investigated on growth, rhizome shape and yield as affected by the soil covering in rain-shelter greenhouse. Methods and Results : Seed ginger was planted on March 10 at 75 × 15 ㎝ planting density in greenhouse. The soil covering on furrow area was carried out on June 20, July 20 and August 20. The control, conventional cultivation was planted four rows on 120 ㎝ wide ridge. As a results of applying the soil covering, emergence was 2 - 3 days earlier than that of conventional cultivation. On November 5, samples were harvested for each treatment, and growth characteristics, tuber shape, and yield were investigated. As the number of soil-cover increased up to 3-times, the weight of the tuber increased to 44.4% and the length to 21.9% as compared with the control. However, as the number of soil-cover increased, workspace was needed, resulting in fewer seeding gingers and lower total yield. Therefore, it was advantageous to perform two times soil-cover to obtain the maximum yield. In the case of soil cultivation, the length of the foot was longer than that of conventional cultivation, and the quality was improved. Conclusion : From the above results, it is recommended that the soil covering is carried out twice at greenhouse’s cultivation. The first covering is in mid-June, and the second is in mid-July.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil covering materials such as rice bran, rice hull and saw dust on garlic growth through a field experiment in wintertime. Rice bran was the smallest in term of particle size, but it recorded the highest level of bulk density. The missing plant rate after winter season was relatively high, 59.3%, and that of soil covering materials stood at the low level of 10%. Other growth factors recorded the highest level during application of rice bran. In terms of chemical properties of soil-covering materials, rice bran recorded the highest level of 1.84, 2.34 and 0.16% in the content of N, P, and K, respectively. The subsoil temperature was higher by application of rice bran as compared to that of other materials which stood at the lowest temperature (-90 C).