This study investigated the impact of 26 EFL college students’ familiarity levels with the visual information of TOEIC listening test items on test scores and test performance procedure. Data collected measured students’ degree of familiarity with the visuals via a pre-test and their listening test scores, and responses to the post-test questionnaire were analyzed. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA was conducted to locate the interdependency between the students’ familiarity levels with visuals and their test scores. Results found that there was no statistically significant differences in test scores regardless of the students’ levels of familiarity with the visuals. Additionally, the correlations between the familiarity with the visuals and the students’ test scores were low. However, the students experienced difficulties with unfamiliar visuals while taking the test. These findings indicate that, although test-takers’ familiarity with visuals does not predict their listening test scores, there is a need to tailor the visuals when developing listening test-items.

Sandwich structures are general-purpose structures that can reduce the structural weight of composite ships. Core materials are essential for these structures, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams being the most popular. These foam core materials are subjected to various tests in the development process, and must satisfy the performance requirements of several ISO and ASTM standards. Therefore, a procedure for evaluating the performance of foam core materials was proposed in this paper. In addition, prototypes were fabricated using a commercial PVC foam core product in accordance with the structural design of an 11 m fiber-reinforced plastic yacht. Then, a case study was conducted on the proposed evaluation procedure. The proposed procedure facilitates the understanding of the performance requirements and evaluation of core materials used in composite ships and is expected to be utilized in developing core materials for marine structures.

Since 2003, policies and practices related to the reduction of CO2 gas emission from ships has been discussing by the International Maritime Organization. The representative emission index and indicator are the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) for the new ships and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) during the voyage. In this paper a water tank test and procedure development are introduced for the purpose of improving EEDI. The results showed good agreement explaining the characteristics properly.

Recent trends in rail industry can be characterized by the multifunctionality and very high-speed modes of operations. In particular, the adoption of the unmaned or operatorless operations has been getting increased attention in which case ensuring systems safety is crucial. On the other hand, according to the result of analyzing rail accidents, the human/operator errors have turned out to be one of the key causes of the accidents. Therefore, the effort of improving the work environment of locomotive cabs is quite necessary in order to decrease the accidents. The objective of this paper is studying on how to incorporate the factors related to the train operators in the design of the locomotive cabs and also on how to evaluate the design results obtained, which is subsequently reflected in the generation of the test and evaluation procedure. The approach taken is based on systems engineering, yielding the procedure document as a result. The results obtained in the paper can be useful in confirming the design of locomotive cabs utilizing the domestic human/operator measure. Also, the way of achieving the objectives can be utilized to cover the expanded rail systems development with appropriate design activities added.

수은의 노출로부터 국민의 건강과 환경을 보호하기 위해 국제수은협약이 2013년도에 채택되었다. Article 9에서는 토양, 수계 및 폐기물로 배출되는 수은의 관리를 요구하고 있으며, 수은 오염 폐기물의 처리에 대한 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 국내 폐기물은 용출시험기준치 만족 여부에 따라 지정폐기물로 분류되고 있으며, 이는 대부분 매립처분되는 것으로 조사되었다. 불안정한 형태로 결합되어 있는 수은화합물은 용매의 pH조건에 따라 용출되며, 매립지 환경으로 유출될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 용출시험기준은 폐기물에 함유된 불안정한 형태의 수은화합물을 검출하는 역할을 수행해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 산업시설 배출 폐기물을 대상으로 폐기물용 출시험법(KSLT)과 TCLP 및 단계별 용출법(SEP)을 적용하여, 용매의 pH와 시험방법에 따른 수은화합물 용출특성을 비교분석하였다. 산업시설부산물(폐슬러지 (S1), 폐토사 (S2), 비산재 (S3))을 대상으로 3가지 시험법을 적용하였다. 5단계로 구성된 SEP를 적용하였으며, 각각 증류수(1단계), 0.1M CH3COOH+0.01M HCl(2단계), 1M KOH(3단계), 12M HNO3(4단계) 및 Aqua regia(5단계)를 용출용매로 사용한다. EPA Method 7470A를 적용하여 용출시험액의 수은 농도를 분석하였다. 1,2 단계에서 용출되는 수은화합물은 불안정한 형태로써 환경으로 쉽게 유출되는 것으로 알려져 있다. S1의 경우, KSLT 및 TCLP 용출액 수은농도는 각각 0.012 mg-Hg/L 및 0.194 mg-Hg/L으로 분석되었다. 또한, SEP 1단계 0.013 mg-Hg/L, 2단계 0.167 mg-Hg/L로 분석되었다. SEP 1단계와 KSLT(pH 5-6) 그리고, 2단계와 TCLP(pH 2)의 결과값의 비교를 통해 pH가 용출에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자임을 확인하였다. 해당시료는 KSLT의 기준치를 초과하여 지정폐기물로 분류되나, TCLP 기준치를 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 통해 용출시간, 교반방법 및 고액비 등의 시험인자가 수은화합물의 용출에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 두 시험법의 직접적인 비교는 적절하지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, it explains briefly the test procedure for evaluating the performance of roadbed in test-bed section of Honam high-speed railway.

In this study, it explains briefly the test procedure for evaluating the performance of track and bridge in test-bed section of Honam High-Speed Railway.