The study was to investigate the quality characteristics of American waffles substituted with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of kamut whole wheat flour (KWF). The KWF samples had maintaining the specific gravity of the batter until the 25% substitution. The spreadability decreased as the ratio of the KWF increased, and the pH of the 100% substitution sample were the lowest. The KWF samples had increasing baking loss rates until the 75% substitution while decreasing the water activity. Lightness and yellowness significantly decreased with increasing the KWF while redness increased. Hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of the 25% substitution sample were the highest, while the springiness and resilience were maximum with the 100% substitution. The KWF samples had increasing overall acceptability, acceptability of color, flavor, and texture until the 50% substitution. The characteristics intensity rating of crust color, bran flavor, and sweetness increased with increasing the KWF. The KWF samples had significantly higher crispiness than the control group. The frequency of the bran flavor, sweetness, nuttiness, and unpleasant increased while the egg and milk flavor, and flour taste decreased. These results suggest that the substitution of the 25~50% KWF could be the optimal to improve the quality characteristics of American waffles.

본 연구는 와플구조의 구조적 거동에 파악하고자 한다. 와플슬래브의 두께, 주요 보의 깊이와 기둥의 크기를 변수로 하여 와플구조의 모드형상과 고유진동수를 파악하고자 하였다. 또한 쉘요소와 입체요소를 사용한 유한요소모델의 해석결과를 비교하였다. i)레벨2에서 주요 보의 깊이가 증가함에 따라, ii)레벨3에서 와플슬래브 두께가 감소함에 따라 모드진동수는 증가하였다. 3차원 모델과 2차원 모델의 모드형상은 유사한 형상을 보였다. 또한, 3차원 모델과 2차원 모델사이의 모드진동수는 25%에서 36%의 차이를 보였다.

In this paper, a new waffle-shaped(WAS) precast concrete panel was developed through the geometrical modification of the conventional double tee panel. It is a one-way joisted panel with a shallow depth and a boxed shape by wide edge beams. To investigate the structural performance of the connections between W AS panels, loading tests called by WIW were performed at the connections along short edges of two WAS panels. WIW tests were executed according to two different width of shear key(50mm and 80mm) and three types of reinforced topping concrete(wire-mesh alone, wire-mesh plus HD 10, and wire-mesh plus HD13). As a result, the grouting width of shear keys did not act on the ultimate behaviors significantly, and the flexural strength of WIW connections along the long edges of W AS panels was superior to nominal flexural strength. The connections with proper details of steel reinforcement can distribute the positive bending moment at mid-span of W AS panels to the negative moment, which is useful for efficient member design.

In order to obtain the flexural and shear performance capacity of newly developed WAffle Slab(WAS) System, 14 full-scale 1.98mx10.00m specimens were tested under monotonic load. The Flexural performance was observed and compared with the conventional double-tee slab system using the test result. The shear performance was observed W AS slab using the test result. lt was confirmed that WAS system has enough flexural and shea capacity to carry the design load. Destruction features of test result, it appeared with bending destruction on the whole. According to steel wire increase, tolerance force's also increased. But steel wire increases to follow, it appears brittle destruction aspect. Case of shear test, the stirrup interval to be narrow maximum load appeares the tendency which comes to be destroyed.