Previous research on green product innovation (GPI) has primarily focused on the performance of new product development, neglecting the critical, early fuzzy front-end (FFE) phase. Drawing upon the firm's resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities perspective, this study explores how co-production affects FFE outcomes (creative idea and product definition proficiency) of GPI and whether joint learning ambidexterity is a mediating mechanism in international buyer-supplier relationships. Additionally, we provide a contingency perspective by considering the moderating role of the innovation ecosystem on the relationship between co-production and joint learning ambidexterity. Finally, this study contributes to a theoretical understanding, analyzing co-production as a predictor, joint learning ambidexterity as a mediator, and innovation ecosystem as a moderator.

본 연구에서는 한국 자동차 부품 업체를 대상으로 완성차 업체의 해외 동반진출과 성과 간의 관계에 대해 실증 적으로 분석하고 이러한 관계가 전속적 거래 관계에 의해 어떻게 달라지는지를 설명하고자 한다. 2004년부터 2016년까지 105개 사의 패널 데이터를 구성하여 실증분석을 한 결과, 국내 자동차 부품회사의 해외직접투자에 있어서 완성차 업체와의 동반진출이 성과에 미치는 영향은 비동반진출보다 컸으며, 동반진출이 성과에 미치는 긍 정적 영향은 그 횟수가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 자동차 부품 업체가 대기업과의 동반진출을 통해 초기 납품 물량을 안정적으로 보장받을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 파트너가 보유한 네트워크를 통해 초기에는 빠르게 성장할 수 있지만, 동반 진출 횟수가 많아질수록 조직 복잡성으로 인한 조정 비용의 증가로 인해 이익의 폭이 줄 어들 수 있음을 나타낸다. 마지막으로 동반 진출과 성과 간의 관계에서 완성차 업체에 대한 전속적 관계가 두 변 수간 관계를 더 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 국내 자동차 부품기업들의 동반진출효과를 실증적으로 분석함에 따라 한국 자동차 산업 및 중소기업의 국제화 전략에 유용한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시한다.

Eco-innovation is an important component of a firm's environmental sustainability strategy and provides both environmental benefits and competitiveness, resulting in a win-win situation. Although previous studies have examined the influence of organizational ambidexterity (exploration and exploitation) on the business performance, little is known about how organizational ambidexterity affects eco-innovation (i.e. eco-process, eco-product, and eco-organizational innovativeness). Building upon the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities perspective, I develop a model to explain how relational capital may moderate the relationship between inter-firm relational knowledge stores and organizational ambidexterity and how organizational ambidexterity enhance eco-innovation in the context of international buyer-supplier relationships. The results of a survey of 124 OEM suppliers in Taiwan show that the relational knowledge stores have a positive effect on organizational ambidexterity, and organizational ambidexterity has a positive effect on eco-innovation. Our findings also show that the direct relationship between relational knowledge stores and organizational ambidexterity was stronger when the relational capital was high as opposed to when it was low. This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of why some firms engage in organizational ambidexterity than others, analyzing relational knowledge stores as a predictor and relational capital as moderator. I discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.

In order to remove the inefficient cost occurred among companies, the cooperation among companies are required. The single vendor-single buyer integrated model is often studied for that purpose. Buyer’s demand follows normal distribution, and vendor’s inventory policy use a continuous inventory review policy. If buyer places order, then vendor begins to make products and transfer those products to the buyer several times. In real situation, the size of company’s warehouse is restricted, space limit constraint is considered. There are three approaches for the single vendor-single buyer integrated model with space limit: equal batch shipment approach, increasing batch shipment approach, and mixed approach. In this paper, these approaches are compared one another and we discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.

Unlike most researches that focus on single manufacturer or single buyer, this research studies the cooperation policy for two participants of supply chain such as single vendor and single buyer. Especially, this paper deals with single vendor-single buyer integrated-production inventory problem. If the buyer orders products, then the vendor will start to make products and then the products will be shipped from the vendor to the buyer many times. The buyer is supposed to order again when the buyer’s inventory level hits reorder point during the last shipment and this cycle keeps repeated. The buyer uses continuous review inventory policy and customer’s demand is assumed to be probabilistic. The contribution of this paper is to present a mixed approach and derive its cost function. The existing policy assumes that the size of shipping batch from single vendor to single buyer is increasing, called Type 1, or constant, called Type 2. In mixed approach, the size of shipping batch is increasing at the beginning part of the cycle, and then its size is constant at the ending part of the cycle. The number of shipping for Type 1 and Type 2 in a cycle in mixed approach is determined to minimize total cost. The relationship between parameters, for example, the holding cost per product, the set up cost per order, and the shortage cost per item and decision variables such as order quantity, safety factor, the number of shipments, and shipment increasing factor is figured out via sensitivity analysis. Finally, it is statistically proved that the mixed approach is superior to the existing approaches.

This paper considers one vendor-one buyer integrated-production inventory problem. If the buyer orders products, then the vendor will start to make products and then the products will be shipped from the vendor to the buyer many times. The buyer is supposed to order again when the buyer’s inventory level hits reorder point during the last shipment and this cycle keeps repeated. Buyer uses continuous review inventory policy and customer’s demand is assumed to be probabilistic. The contribution of this paper is to develop a new approach for one-vendor-one-buyer integrated production-inventory problem.

According to the environmental management literature, firms can realize significant cost advantage relative to competitors and improve their competitive position by implementing certain "Environmental Management Practices"(EMPs) (Hart, 1995; Shrivastava, 1995b; Christmann, 2000). Although EMPs is importance and prevailing presence, little attention has been paid to understand the drivers and outcomes of EMPs in the context of international buyer-supplier relationships. This study attempts to increase the understanding of how isomorphism pressures and organizational cultures influence the EMPs, which in turn enhance supplier’s competitive advantage in the context of international buyer-supplier relationships.

This paper is to analyze an integrated production and inventory model in a single-vendor multi-buyer supply chain. The vendor is defined as the manufacturer and the buyers as the retailers. The product that the manufacturer produces is supplied to the retailers with constant periodic time interval. The production rate of the manufacturer is constant for the time. The demand of the retailers is constant for the time. The cycle time of the vendor is defined as the elapsed time from the start of the production to the start of the next production, while the cycle times of the buyer as the elapsed time between the adjacent supply times from the vendor to the buyer. The cycle times of the vendor and the buyers that minimizes the total cost in a supply chain are analyzed. The cost factors are the production setup cost and the inventory holding cost of the manufacturer, the ordering cost and the inventory holding cost of the retailers. The cycle time of the vendor is investigated through the cycle time that satisfies economic production quantity with the production setup cost and the inventory holding cost of the manufacturer. An integrated production and inventory model is formulated, and an algorithm is developed. An numerical example is presented to explain the algorithm. The solution of the algorithm for the numerical examples is compared with that of genetic algorithm. Numerical example shows that the vendor and the buyers can save cost by integrated decision making.

본 논문에서는 한국 제조기업들을 대상으로 역동적인 환경 하에 공급사와 구매 사의 신제품 개발 기술협력이 구매기업의 신제품 개발 프로젝트의 운영성과에 미치는 영향 에 관하여 고찰하였다. 한국생산성본부와 지식경제부가 공동으로 조사한 2012년도 한국 600 개 제조기업 조사 자료를 기반으로 회귀분석 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 독립 변수로 구매 사와 구매사의 주요공급사와의 신제품 개발에서의 기술협력을 사용하였고 종속변수로 구매 사의 신제품 개발 프로젝트의 품질달성률(quality), 비용절감(cost), 개발일정준수률(time)의 세 가지 운영 성과를 사용하였다. 환경의 역동성을 조절 변수로 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과 공급사와 구매사간의 기술협력이 신제품 개발 프로젝트 품질 달성율 제고에 긍정적인 영향 을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 예상과 달리 환경의 역동성은 오히려 공급사 구매사의 기 술협력의 신제품개발 프로젝트 성과에 모두 부정적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 환경의 역동성이 높은 산업(통신기기산업)과 낮은 산업(조선산업)으로 분리하여 사후분석을 실 시하였다. 사후분석결과, 역동성이 낮은 산업에서는 구매사-공급사의 기술협력이 신제품 개 발 프로젝트 운영성과에 긍정적인 작용을 하지만 역동성이 높은 산업에서는 구매사-공급사 의 기술협력이 구매사의 신제품 개발 프로젝트의 운영성과에 부정적인 영향을 주고 있음을 발견하였다. 역동성이 높은 산업은 새로운 기술이 요구되는 경우가 많아 기존에 지속적으로 거래를 하고 있는 특정 공급업체와의 협력을 통한 축적된 학습효과 및 시너지를 누리기가 어 렵고 이에 주공급업체와의 협력이 프로젝트 운영의 효율성으로 연결되지 못하는 것으로 보 인다. 반면에 환경의 역동성이 낮은 환경에서는 기존의 공급업체와의 협력을 통한 축적된 협 력 역량 프로젝트 운영성과 향상에 긍정적으로 작용하는 것으로 보인다. 이는 신제품 개발 프로젝트의 속성과 횟수는 기업이 처한 환경과 밀접히 관련되어 있고 주 공급업체와의 기술 협력의 효과는 환경에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있음을 시사한다.

In an increasingly dynamic business environment, innovation output occupies a central position among all organizational outputs, not only because it is a primary way in which firms compete and grow, but also because it profoundly influences social and economic evolution (Eisenhardt & Tabrizi, 1995; Sorensen & Stuart, 2000). Understanding the factors that determine an organization’s ability to produce new ideas and continually innovate thus is a fundamental issue in strategic management and marketing fields. Among all sort of determinants, collaboration with buyers to create value through innovation has attracted particular attention from scholars (von Hippel, 1988; Thomke & von Hippel, 2002; Sawhney, Verona, & Prandelli, 2005). This study examined the role of Internet-based collaboration in the buyer-supplier relationship in promoting product innovation of supplying firms. Drawing on the juxtaposition of the governance literature and social exchange theory, we proposed that Internet-based collaboration positively affects product innovation performance of supplying firms, but too much dependence on it impedes product innovation. That is, Internet-based collaboration has an inverted U-shaped relationship with product innovation performance of supplying firms. It further posited that in-person interaction between buying and supplying firms strengthens the positive effect of Internet-based collaboration on product innovation, such that when the degree of in-person interaction is high, Internet-based collaboration is associated with better innovation performance. These propositions were tested using data from a large survey conducted by a survey data on buyer-supplier relationships in China. The results show that Internet-based collaboration has a stronger positive relationship with innovation performance and this positive effect declines after the degree of Internet-based collaboration goes beyond a threshold. Moreover, the first-order effect of Internet-based collaboration is stronger when the degree of in-person interaction is high than when it is low. The optimal level of Internet-based collaboration in low degree of in-person interaction is moderate, whereas when in-person interaction is more frequently used in connecting with buying firms the optimal level rises. These results provide strong supports for the predictions of hypotheses.

In this paper, we consider a single-vendor single-buyer supply chain problem where a single vendor order raw materials from its supplier, then using its manufacturing processes converts the raw materials to finished goods in order to deliver finished good

오늘날 많은 기업이 고객에게 보다 좋은 서비스를 제공하기 위해 서비스 분야에 큰 관심을 두고 있다. 제품이나 서비스에 대한 다양한 경험을 고객의 관점에서 제시한 구 매자 효용지도는 구매자 관점의 경험 사이클과 6가지 효용성 수단으로 이루어져있다. 6가지 효용성 수단을 사용한 구매자 효용지도는 제품이나 서비스의 질에 대한 객관 적인 평가를 가능하게 하여 신제품 개발 또는 제품 보완에 도움을 준다. 본 연구는 이 평가를 더욱 정확하게 할 수 있도록 6가지 효용성 수단을 서비스 품 질 차원으로 변경하여 새로운 구매자 효용지도를 만듦으로써 고객들의 인지도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

Recently comparison-shopping agent systems are promising to support purchase of buyers in online-shopping environment. This paper proposes a comparison-shopping agent system considered easy access and buyer's preference. Easy access is achieved by minimiz

This paper deals with the problem of determining the buyer's economic lot sizing policy for exponentially deteriorating products under trade credit. Assuming that the supplier's credit terms are already known and the length of delay is a function of the buyer's order size, we formulate the mathematical model and the solution algorithm is developed based on the properties of an optimal solution.

This paper deals with the problem of determining the buyer's economic lot sizing policy for exponentially deteriorating products under trade credit. It is also assumed that the ordering cost consists of a fixed set-up cost and a freight cost, where the freight cost has a quantity discount offered due to the economies of scale. We formulate the mathematical model and the solution algorithm is developed based on the properties of an optimal solution.

In today's business transactions, it is more and more common to see that the buyers are allowed some grace period before they settle the account with the supplier. In this regard, we analyze the problem of determining the buyer's EOQ when the supplier allows day-terms credit. For the analysis, it is assumed that the buyer's demand rate is a function of the on -hand inventory level and the relevant mathematical model is developed.

Purpose - In the development of new products, suppliers involvement and developing products jointly can be said to be strategic activities that utilize the lack of knowledge from external organizations. In this new product development, supplier involvement has been proven to have a positive impact on new product development performance for a long time by previous research. However, sufficient academic research has not been conducted on the influence of supplier involvement in various product strategies or sales strategies that buyers make in order to secure a competitive advantage in the market. This study argues that product strategy and sales strategy used by buyers in the development of new products will control the effect of supplier involvement on new product development performance in order to compensate the lack of these academic aspects. Research design, data, and methodology – Specifically, we selected the modularization strategy of the product as the product strategy, which is considered as an important strategy in the new product development through the preceding research, and the mass customer satisfaction strategy was chosen as the sales strategy. In order to achieve these research objectives, regression analysis was conducted using data from manufacturing productivity panel collected jointly by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Industry and the Korea Productivity Center. Results - As a result, supplier involvement and new product development performances (development cost efficiency, customer satisfaction) were positively related. The product modularity strategy proved to have an interactive effect on the relationship between supplier involvement and new product development performances (development cost efficiency, customer satisfaction). However, it has not been confirmed that there is a statistically significant interaction effect between supplier involvement and new product development performances. Conclusions - Supplier involvement has positive relationships with NPD performance. In addition, product modularity strategies have interaction effects with supplier involvement and affect new product development performance (development cost efficiency and customer satisfaction). The results of this study are of academic significance in the case of lack of empirical studies on the effect of supplier participation on the effect of buyer 's strategy when a supplier participates and develops new products jointly.

Purpose – The main feature of this study is understanding of the vendor’s opportunism on the collaboration context between buyer and vendor from the buyer’s viewpoint with resource dependence theory. A number of studies on opportunism have focused on opportunistic definitions and its theoretical studies. Other researches emphasize the importance of governance in ways that reduce opportunism. We think that this research could be filled with the lack of previous studies. Research design, data, and methodology – In order to accomplish research purpose, four hypotheses have been established based on the framework of resource dependence theory and previous studies. And we have used 599 survey data jointly collected by Korea Productivity Center and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. To verify these hypothesis, we have conducted multiple regression analysis with SPSS 23.0. Results – The vendor 's opportunism decreases as mutual trust with buyer becomes higher. However, as the degree of dependence of buyers on vendor resources increases, vendor’s opportunism increases. And monitoring vendor's capacity has a moderating effect with buyer resource dependency to vendor's opportunism. Conclusions – This study suggest there are two options to decrease vendor's opportunism. Increasing mutual trust or decrease dependence on vendor's resources. Also, monitoring suppler's capacity could be effective when vendor's resource dependence is high.