위협광에 의한 어류의 행동제어개발을 위하여, 스트로보광에 대한 전갱이와 잉어의 명순응과정을 조사하였는데, 스트로브광의 섬광빈도는 전갱이의 경우, 1.7, 5, 10, 25, 430Hz의 5단계, 잉어의 경우는 1.7, 5, 25Hz의 3단계로 하였다. 안구표본의 채취는 조사전과 조사직후부터 1, 5, 10, 30분 경과마다 행하였고, 채취한 각 표본은 종단조직절편을 만들고 현미경 관찰을 행하였다. 망막의 순응율은 원추체지수를 구하여 나타내었다. 조사시간에 따른 평균 순응율은; \circled1 전갱이의 경우, 광조사전의 27%가 1, 5, 10, 30분 경과 시마다 각각 42.6%, 49.8%, 59.8%, 83.1%로 증가하였다. \circled2 잉어의 경우, 광조사전의 28.4%가 1, 5, 30분 경과 시마다 각각 51%, 54.9%, 91.3%로 되었다. 명순응과정은; \circled1 전갱이의 경우 430Hz, 25Hz, 5Hz, 1.7Hz, 10Hz의 순으로, \circled2 잉어의 경우는 25Hz, 5Hz, 1.7Hz의 순으로 대략 빨랐다.

Exercise physiology of fish was studied by means of Electro-cardio-gram(ECG) technique with wired electrode system. Effects of swimming activity on the heart rate change for carp Cyprinus carpio was observed and analysed under swimming speeds among 1~3 Body Length/s and swimming durations of 10 and 60 minutes in the flume tank. The heart rate increase during swimming activity was observed in higher speed and longer duration conditions. The exercise effect on the heart rate continued even after fish stopped swimming. The time for recovery after exercise was tended to be elongated with the higher exercise condition

시각막의 바탕과 줄무늬 색상을 흑색, 청색, 적색, 백색과 황색 중 2가지씩 순열시킨 20가지 경우에 대하여 붕어 Carassius carassius와 금붕어 Carassius auratus의 시각운동반응을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 붕어의 시각운동반응율은 적색-흑색, 청색-황색과 백색-흑색 일 때 80~90%로 높았으며, 황색-백색, 백색-황색, 흑색-청색, 청색-흑색과 적색-백색일 때 25~40%로 낮았다. 2. 금붕어의 시각운동반응율은 백색-황색, 청색-흑색과 백색-적색을 제외하고는 80%이상으로 높았었다. 3. 붕어의 3분 동안의 평균선 회수는 황색-청색, 백색-청색, 황색-흑색과 백색-흑색일 때 7.5~9.5회로 많았으며, 청색-적색, 황색-백색, 흑색-청색, 적색-모든 색과 청색-흑색일 때 1.8~3.9회로 적었다. 4. 금붕어의 3분 동안의 평균선 회수는 황색-청색, 백색-청색과 백색-흑색일 때만 4.1~4.9회이고, 나머지는 1.6~3.5회로 적었다

고기가 자망에 이망될 숙건하에 그물면에 작용하는 붕어(Carassius carassius)의 유영력을 시험수조에서 strain gauge를 써서 즉정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 순간최대유영력 및 지속최대유영력과의 체중과의 관계는 F 하(M) =1.45W, F 하(s) =0.29W 이다. 2. 순관최대유영력 및 지속최대유영력과의 체중과의 관계는 F 하(M) =0.11L 상(2.63), F 하(S) =0.15L 상(1.77)이다. 3. 붕어의 유체저항계수는 C 하(s) ≒0.287이다.

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), also known as Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (Cyprinid 3) is lethal disease in common carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio). Two different groups (KK and RK) were infected KHV by intraperitoneal injection. Fish for gene expression analysis were sampled at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post infection (p.i). The results showed that two immune related gene, Interferons (INFs) ɑβ and Interleukin (IL)-12 p35 induced a high response in RK. The IL-12 p35 cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 were significantly high expressed on 48 h post infection (p.i) in RK as compared to the KK. The histopatological examination reveals focal necrosis in liver and infiltrate of lymphocytes in spleen of KK as compared to the RK. In immunohistochemistry analysis, the KHV protein high expressed in the infected kidney cell and slenocyte of KK. Therefore, the expression of IL-12 p35, IFN ɑβ and TLR 9 may provide a potentially genes related with KHV resistance in Koi and red common carp × koi.

This study was conducted to observe egg and larvae morphological development of carp to obtain basic data for resource conservation and taxonomic research. Brood carp used in the research (total length 67.3-75.5 cm, average 71.0±3.45 cm) were bred in a circular rearing aquarium (600×300×100 cm) using a running water system from January to July, 2015. Breeding water temperature was maintained at 23.0-25.0℃(average 24.0℃). Fertilized carp eggs were translucent and globular, and their size was 1.75-1.89 mm (average 1.82±0.06 mm). Blastoderms formed 10 min after fertilization and reached the two-cell stage 30 min after fertilization. Then, the embryo turned dark and exhibited melanophores, and blood started flowing from the heart across the egg yolk at 42 hrs and 50 min after fertilization. Hatching began 70 hrs and 26 min after fertilization larvae emerged through the egg membrane, starting from the head. The length of prelarvae immediately after hatching was 5.23-5.38 mm (average 5.31±0.11 mm) the mouth and anus were closed, and the pectoral fin was formed. Postlarvae at 18 days after hatching had a total length of 11.9-13.9 mm (average 12.9±1.40 mm), separate anal fin and back membranes, and fin ray. Juveniles fish at 35 days after hatching had a total length of 29.9-30.2 mm (average 30.1±0.13 mm), with the body covered with scales, and the same number of fin rays, color, and shape as their broodstork.

We used flowcytometry to ploidy verification after that investigate difference between diploid and spontaneous triploid through the truss dimension and classical dimension at crucian carp, Carassius auratus, crucian carp C. cuvieri and common carp, Cyprinus carpio collected from Hangang river, Hantangang river, Imjingang river, Geumgang river, Yeongsangang river and Nakdonggang river, Korea. There were significant differences among the three species for the truss dimensions anterior origin of dorsal fin (2)× anterior origin of anal fin (5), 2× anterior origin of pelvic fin (6), 2× origin of pectoral fin (7), posterior origin of dorsal fin (3)×5, 3×6, and 3×7 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the three species in the truss dimensions dorsal fin length (2×9) and eye diameter (ED)(P>0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the several classical dimensions of each species (P>0.05). Three classical dimensions, most anterior extension of the head (1)×2, 1×6 and 2× most posterior scale in lateral line (4) did not differ between the C. auratus diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). Two classical dimensions, 1×6 and longest length between most anterior extension of the head and gill cover (1×8) did not differ between the C. cuvieri diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). One classical dimensions, 1×2 did not differ between the common carp diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the each diploid and triploid species (P<0.05). These results suggest that the classification of each species and classification between diploid and spontaneous triploid morphometrical parameters used in this study are useful indices of morphometrical status in the each species from major river of Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of Israeli carp. Four combinations of Israeli carp from Jeonbuk fisheries farm and Songpu mirror carp from Heilong Jiang, China (KK; Jeonbuk ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂, KC; Jeonbuk ♀ × China ♂, CC; China ♀ × China ♂ and CK; China ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. Body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 and 170 days post-hatch (DPH). The results showed that there were differences in growth rate of the four groups. Body length of four groups were CK > CC > KC > KK and body weight were CC > CK > KC > KK at 170 DPH. The growth perfomance of four groups were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). During the rearing, CC group had longer length and higher weight at 170 DPH compared to other three groups and also condition factor was highest in the CC group, but there was no significant difference in a survival rate. These results indicated that the growth performance mainly depended upon brooder combination but survival rate could not significantly affect brooder.

Genomic DNAs isolated from crucian carp of four rivers, belonging to the family Cyprinidae was amplified by seven oligonucleotides primers. In the present study, we employed hierarchical clustering method in order to reveal genetic distances and variations. Crucian carp was acquired from Hangang river (CAH), Geumgang river (CAG), Nakdonggang river (CAN) and Yeongsangang river (CAY). The primer BION-12 generated the most loci (a total of 50) with an average of 10 in the CAY population. The primer BION-10 generated the least loci (a total of 19), with an average of 3.8 in the CAG population, in comparison to the other primers used. Seven oligonucleotides primers made 16.7 average no. per primer of specific loci in the CAH population, 7.4 in the CAG population, 8.6 in the CAN population and 0.9 in the CAY population, respectively. The specific loci generated by oligonucleotides primers revealed inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus disclosing DNA polymorphisms. The dendrogram obtained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.06 and no.08 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.036), while the genetic distance among the five individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.08 and no.09 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.088). With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from CAY population (0.985±0.009) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from CAH population (0.779±0.049) (P<0.05). Relatively, individuals of CAY population were fairly closely related to that of CAN location (genetic distance between two populations<0.016).

Spermiation was stimulated in the mature grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles, with an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or carp pituitary extract (CPE). Spermatocrit and sperm density were reduced, but milt production was increased in both the HCG and CPE treatment groups relative to those in the control group (P < 0.05). These results should be useful for increasing the fertilization efficiency in grass puffer breeding programs.

‘적진주찰’은 2002년 하계에 종피가 적색 메벼인 ‘적진주벼’와 SR27753(상남밭벼/적진주벼)를 교배하여 국립식량과학원 벼품종육종연구팀이 계통육종법에 의해 선발하면서 주요 병해충 및 미질검정을 병행하였다. 선발된 우량계통에 대해 2007～2008년 2년간 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 조생종이고 종피가 적색이면서 찰벼인 SR28796-10-3-1-1 계통을 선발하여 ‘수원524호’로 계통명을 부여하고 2008～2010년 3년간 지역적응시험 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2010년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 품종으로 선정되었으며 ‘적진주찰’이라 명명하였다. 이 품종은 중부지역 보통기 보비재배에서 출수기가 8월 2일로 조생종이다. 간장은 85 cm 정도이고, 수당입수는 136개로 약간 많은 편이다. 현미 천립중은 19.9 g이다. 현미의 종피 색은 붉은색이며 찰벼이다. 항산화 성분인 폴리페놀 함량은 310 mg /100 g로 ‘적진주벼’ 177 mg/100 g에 비하여 높고, DPPH인 항산화 활성 정도가 456 mg/100 g으로 ‘적진주벼’의 272 mg /100 g에 비하여 높다. 도열병, 흰잎마름병, 바이러스병 및 해충에 약한 편이다. 현미수량은 중부지역 보통기 보비재배의 3년 평균 4.68 MT/ha의 수준인 품종으로 중부평야지가 재배적응 지역이다.

Concentrations of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were determined in crucian carp collected from eight locations mainly along the Nakdong River during 2004. Total dioxin concentrations which include concentrations of dioxins, furans and DL-PCBs ranged from 0.053 to 0.614 pg WHO-TEQ g-1 wet wt. with a mean of 0.342±0.213 pg WHO-TEQ g-1 wet wt. The proportions of dioxins, furans and DL-PCBs to total dioxin TEQ were 4%, 12% and 84%, respectively. The results suggest that concentrations of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls should be determined when total dioxin TEQ accumulated in freshwater fish is investigated.

군산지역에 있는 호수와 양식장에서 채집된 붕어(Carassius carassius)의 혈액으로부터 추출된 genomic DNA를 무작위 primer를 이용한 PCR-RAPD 방법에 의해서 유전적 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 12개 primer 중에서 6개를 이용한 결과 호수산 붕어의 경우 primer 당 약 2.1 polymorphic bands가 나타났고, 총 266개의 높은 RAPD marker가 확인되었으며, 0.18에서 0.76의 bandshari