Theming has become a powerful strategy in hospitality industry to enhance customer engagement and to serve as a competitive advantage in a saturated market. Based on the resource-based theory (RBT) of sustained competitive advantage (SCA), this qualitative study is an exploratory attempt to investigate 10 hotels in Mainland China and Taiwan that have adopted the theming strategy. Introduction As hospitality industry is facing the increasingly intense competition and saturated markets, theming is continuously gaining importance of hotels strategy to survival and growth. In addition, strategy planning determines the future of firms and discover the method to achieve success (Yong & Oh, 2004). Holjevac (2003) predicted that at the beginning of the 21st century, hotels with themed strategy which characterized by a synthesis of esthetics, quality and functionality would become the future trend. Theming has created the differentiation in hospitality market, using the creation of experience-centric service. Pine & Gilmore (1999) once pointed out that the shaping of experience stems from simple and powerful thematic transmission. Moreover, experience marketing can bring preference to the product and service of the enterprise, which in turn leads to a positive value experience (Milman, 2013). The results of theming strategy will positively influence the satisfaction and return rate (Wu, M. Li, & T. Li, 2018). Theming strategy with the advantage of pursuing innovation and uniqueness was extensively used to firms in the competitive hospitality market, like hotels in Las Vegas and Macao. However, some scholars concerned about the sustainability for the strategy due to the high-capitalized cost and the customers sensitive taste (Wassler, Li, & Hung, 2015). Although hotels with themed strategy has flourished in Chinese market more than decade, market research has lagged behind to support the industry’s growth. Researchers still adopted a rather normative paradigm by either identifying the superficial issue focused on experiential market concept or pointing out problems without providing more sustainability related solutions (Zou & Peng, 2008; Xiao, Zhang, & Huang, 2013). Barney (2007) indicated that internal resources could lead to the competitive. Therefore, this study aims at understanding the factors that lead theming strategy to be sustainable in hotels, based on the resource-based theory of sustained competitive advantage. The article has the following structure. The first section establishes a theoretical foundation through a review of strategy literature on theming. The second section proposes a conceptualization of theming strategy’s sustained competitive advantage (SCA) consisting of firms intrinsic resources based on resource-based theory (RBT), also, describe the assessment of key sustainable factors of theming strategy through interview the superior manager of 10 hotels in Mainland China and Taiwan that have adopted the theming strategy. The final section discusses the study’s findings, implication, and suggests directions for future research. As this research is one of the first studies in the hospitality field that identifies the resources and capabilities of the hotels’ theming strategy from the inside viewpoint, the contribution of this study will, and can conceptualize and discover the key factors to sustain the competitive advantage of themed hotel managing strategy Literature review Theming strategy for hotels Theming is a complete and ubiquitous way of impressing consumers and improving brand awareness (Olson, 2004). From theme parks, casinos, department stores, aviation, restaurants to hotels, thematic construction has the dominant influence on most customer engagement (Muñoz, Wood, & Solomon, 2006). Hotel theming strategy, based on the theme of cultural material (history, city story, etc.) either from surrounding area or develop within hotel, display the core value of theme from physical resources, as buildings and facilities, to invisible resources, as atmosphere and service, which would, in the end, create a valuable and unforgettable customer stay experience(Zins, 1998). Xiao, Zhang, & Huang (2013) noted that the distinctive consumer experience at the theme hotel can impress customers, and, ultimately enhances brand recognition, customer engagement and repurchase intention. On the other hand, Wassler, Li, and Hung (2015) has indicated the pros and cons for the China themed hotels, which are the uniqueness to create competitive advantages that are difficult to imitate. On the contrary, the gaining of customers’ sense of demand can lead to the difficulties to fulfill customers’ taste and the ingrained capital with the narrow development is hard to recapitalize once invested. Importance of sustainability for theming strategy. Due to the strong specific image of the themed hotels, some cases developed as a passing fad in the hospitality field. Although prior study has indicated the importance of theme selection for themed hotels (Xiao et al., 2013), seldom literature focus on the overall implementation and application within hotels’ ins and outs, also the SCA issue of hotels management. Xiao & O'Neill (2010) pointed out that the analysis of internal resource is enable manger to realize and build sources of competitive advantage, which is emanated from the resource-based view of strategy. In Resource Based Theory (RBT), scholars thought that resources and capabilities from firms could bring lasting competitive advantage to the organization, and companies that have SCA (Wernerfelt, 1984). Organization have SCAs can reach outstanding performance by constantly creating and delivering the core value through price, trust, aesthetics and functionality to its target markets (Barney, 1991). Thus, in order to observe the SCAs for themed hotels management, this research will employ on internal resource view based on RBT to explore the SCAs from the internal aspect of themed hotels. Methodology We illustrate the key factors and analyze the importance of internal resources for the SCA of hotels’ theming strategy by means of a qualitative study in which 10 hotels applied theming strategy in Mainland China and Taiwan were surveyed using semistructured interviews. For the research question, a qualitative approach offers the advantage to allow an adequate, in depth analysis of the complex relations between internal recourses and SCA of theming strategy. These 10 hotels adapted theming strategy are chosen by non-probability snowball sampling method, below Fig.1 is the hotels list for 10 interviews in Taiwan and Mainland China. In addition, because China with a vast territory is limited to cover all area, the research focuses on Zhejiang province and Shanghai city, which have well-developed economy and rich tourist resources. All interviewees of the hotels will be the superior manager who decides the core value and leads the hotel’s future. The interview will be three part to proceed. First, in warm-up period, interviewer will frame an informal and trust environment, first step is to confirm interviewees’ background. The second part will be identify period; there will be a questionnaire, which adopted Chuang (2000), whose survey to prioritize the 5 dimension of internal resources that essential to hotel theming strategy management. Finally, we will confirm the competency, competitive advantage, and the strategy to achieve the sustainability for hotels theming strategy. We present conclusions for research and practice, as well as deriving practical recommendations for hotels’ theming strategy in Chinese market based on our findings. Preliminary findings The preliminary findings of the research will base on the key themes that emerge from in-depth interview to understand perceptions of hotel managers regarding theming. The result will be presented and discussed in three period. First, based on the questionnaire result from the interviewees, we will recognize that what the priority degree about the five dimension of internal resources is regarding perception of theming in hotel strategy. Second, 10 interviews will transcribe from voice recordings to pages of text, then the text will go through the coding technique, in which the raw and efforts data will be identified as the themes and subthemes. All the analyzed process will be carried by expert triangulation. Finally, through the experts examining on the links of themes and quotations, we will create a view of framework that would explore the relationships between theming strategy and SCA, the result will find the formula for hotels adapted theming strategy to possess competitive advantage of being sustainable. Although space limitations of the conference preclude the detailed explanation of this research work, the authors believe this study will broaden the theoretical domains used in understanding internal resources and competency of hotels’ theming strategy and practical information can be observed from the findings.

Building on insights from institutional theory and dynamic capabilities, this study investigates the relationships of cross-functional capabilities with export marketing strategy implementation and, ultimately, its influence on export performance. This study utilizes multiple-informant and time-lagged primary data from 218 exporting firms in Nigeria to contribute to an understanding of how export marketing capabilities can be implemented to drive export performance. The results suggest contrasting moderating effects of psychic distance and competitive intensity on the cross-functional capabilities to export marketing strategy implementation relationship. This research contributes to the international business and marketing literature by advancing the knowledge on marketing capabilities and strategy implementation, and highlights managerial implications for international business.

Many firms see organizational learning systems as critical to facilitating competitive advantage. However, until now, few tourism studies have empirically investigated and identified how the different characteristics of highly competitive organizations, such as travel agencies, influence competitive advantage in a dynamic environment. This study uses a mediation-moderation analysis for such an empirical examination. A total of 288 travel agencies from Taiwan were analysed. The authors found that travel agencies’ shared goals may influence competitive advantage through characteristics of dynamic capability development, differential strategy implication and social capital accumulation. Greater levels of organizational learning may positively strengthen the relationships between (a) shared goals and dynamic capability, (b) shared goals and social capital, and (c) social capital and competitive advantage. Implications of these findings for managerial and theoretical frameworks are also discussed.

Corporation had been made by important action rule of business ethics that observes legal standard that is prescribed in each class of administration activity. But it does not keep ethicality of corporation action that conforms law. Law can not include all parts of business ethics because it is forcing essential class for public order preservation and public welfare in right. Moreover, partial corporations are doing to justify unethical action of other evasion of taxes, consultation, manufacturing etc. with legal basis meaning abusing legal standard. For these reason, Insistence that is in point of legal standard and ethical standard is not different each other that is in equal viewpoint is brought.

A strategic plan for an immediate situation must be present in a business enterprise to deal actively and efficiently with the demand environment of new customer. The purpose of this paper is to provide research about the manufacturing strategy situations of the Korean manufacturing company. And this paper is a part of Modeling on Manufacturing Strategy. We emphasizes the importance of dynamism and complexity on the competitive environment, and classify the manufacturing strategy by trade-off model, cumulative model, sandcone model, strategic fit model, and competitiveness model.

The study aims to develop concepts originating through empirical research models to build superior competitiveness and optimal performance achievement. Therefore, to bridge these goals, the study addresses several indicators/items as a novelty, namely, entrepreneurship insight factors, market orientation, knowledge-sharing, innovation, managerial capability, product strategy, process and service improvement, resources capability to improve performance and increase competitiveness by empirical model direct, mediating and indirect effect. The total sample in this study is 497 eligible SMEs that partner with go-food in Makassar City. All research samples are the owner or the person in charge of the business; the data collection period is from May to December 2019. Data are collecting using a survey with 64 construct questions, summarized in seven manifest variables. The research method uses quantitative tools, with SMART-PLS as a statistical tool. This study develops sixteen hypotheses; all of the hypotheses are supported both directly, indirectly, and mediated. The study also found that the link based on CCT, RBV, and TAM Theory is the right choice of theories, as the foundation of this study was very reliable and valid. Indeed, all of the grounded methods have implications both in theory and its main application for the business in the online marketplace.

해상운송 서비스의 특수한 환경적 특성으로 인해 해운기업은 불확실한 경영환경에 노출되기 쉬우며, 환경 불확실성에 대응할 수 있는 적절한 경쟁전략을 활용하여 기업의 경영성과를 달성하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 해운기업에서 높은 경영성과 달성을 위해 환경 불확실성에 따라 어떠한 전략을 취할 것인지를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. Porter의 본원적 경쟁전략인 원가우위전략과 차별화전략을 바 탕으로 하여 우리나라 외항해운기업을 대상으로 환경 불확실성과 기업의 추구하는 경쟁전략의 관련성을 분석하고, 경쟁전략의 활용정도가 경 영성과에 미치는 영향력에 대해 검증하였다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 선행연구와 전문가 개별 인터뷰를 통하여 측정항목을 설정하였고, 설문을 통하여 실증분석을 수행하였으며, 가설 검증에는 OLS회귀분석과 Tobit모형분석을 이용하였다. 본 연구 결과 첫째, 환경 불확실성의 요인 중 변동성은 원가우위전략과 차별화전략의 활용에 영향을 미치고, 다양성은 차별화전략에 유의한 영향력이 있음을 도출하였다. 둘째, 기업의 경 영성과는 원가우위전략의 활용을 통해서 달성할 수 있으므로, 해운 서비스를 제공하는데 비용절감의 노력이 요구된다.

The intensification of the competition among container terminals has led to important affect such as, decision making or aggressive intervention of customers for terminal operation. Therefore, in case of developed ports, the large transition of port operation is composed of the press of terminal customer than decision making of terminal manager. Overall port tariffs for using terminal is made out by the conference of terminal customers than the supreme headquarters of terminal operation, and the related investment of terminal has been made according to requisition or proposal of customers. Therefore, among decision making problems that shippers, shipping companies, and freight forwarder among decision making problems that shippers, shipping companies, and freight forwarder face, the choice of the container terminal is one of the most important problems. So, the decision making of the users seems to have a significant impact on the competitive power of container terminals. The main objective of this study is to design port marketing strategy for strengthening the competitive power of container terminals. The results of this study were found as follows: Firstly, port authority should establish user-oriented operation policy of terminal as the means of activating the opinion window, using terminal monitoring system(TMS). Secondly, terminal planning and development of government should be made to minimize the lead time, to induce the civil capital and to utilize the economies of scale. Thirdly, port authority needs to endeavor to analyze the information of competing foreign terminals as well to promote the concentrated marketing for the terminal on the users, to train the expert and to develop the new port charge system. Fourthly, to improve the competitive power of the container terminal, Port Authority should optimize the subsystems related to port marketing, far more these systems should be joined organically to work effectively. Finally, port authority system should be introduced, Namely, port should have the enterprise inclination as well s the public inclination.