일반차량과 자율주행차량이 혼재하는 상황에서 발생가능한 미래 재난상황에 대한 관리방안 준비가 필요하다. 특히 재난 상황 중 안 개 발생 시 시야 확보가 어려운 일반차량 운전자와 센서기반 자율주행차량의 주행 특성이 다를 수 있다. 해당 상황에서의 문제점을 도출하고 이를 극복하기 위해 혼합교통류 관리 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 재난 상황 중 안개를 연구 대상으로 설정하였다. 과거 기상 상황별 일반차량을 주행 특성을 이력자료로 분석한 후, 안전한 교통흐름을 유지하기 위하여 자율주행차에게 정 보를 제공하는 방안을 제안한다.

In Korea livestock farms breeding cattle have been suffering from re-emerging problems of Brucella (B.) abortus infection while steady decline of bovine brucellosis. Therefore, this study underscored the identification and association of etiological agent of brucellosis in cattle in South Korea. The incidence of brucellosis in cattle was analyzed by bacteriological and molecular methods in 187 brucellosis-suspicious farms of 11 regions between 2018 and 2020. Brucella isolates from various specimens were identified by Brucella-specific multiplex PCR. Epidemiological data were collected by local official veterinarians through history taking from farmers and animal data systems. In 230 of 560 cattle (40.9%) and 94 of 187 farms (50.3%), a total of 313 B. abortus were isolated from various specimens, the majority of isolates were from supramammary lymph node (41%). In epidemiological findings, the majority of positive cases were mainly caused by resurgence (43.7%) and unknown (37.2%). Of 94 positive cases isolated B. abortus, abortion in cattle infected by B. abortus occurred in 51 farms (54.3%) where led to resurgence in 30 farms and environmental survival of B. abortus in 9 farms. Consequently, these findings revealed the existence of etiological agent of bovine brucellosis in Korea, which still occurred at low levels in distinct regions where are allowed to call for persistent biosecurity. Thus, we highlight that brucellosis in Korea needs to take more effective control strategies with potential evidence. Moreover it is ultimately important to maintain a constant monitoring for eradication of brucellosis.

PURPOSES : This study prioritizes the potential technology for establishing an efficient traffic control in the ramp junction of urban deep underground tunnels in the future. We considered most of the applicable technologies that ensure traffic safety at the on-off ramp junction. METHODS : This study proposes a methodology to prioritize the applicable technology for establishing efficient traffic control in the ramp junction of an urban deep underground tunnel using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). First, an AHP structure was developed. Second, an individual survey was conducted to collect the opinions of road and transportation experts. Based on the survey results, weights were estimated depending on the relevant criteria of the developed structure. The estimated weights were verified using the consistency index (CI) and consistency ratio (CR). In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the reliability of the estimated weights. Finally, the potential technology for an efficient traffic control in the ramp junction of an urban deep underground tunnel was prioritized. RESULTS : In the first level of hierarchy, traffic demand control had the highest priority, and ramp metering, section speed control, and shoulder lane control were selected in the second level of hierarchy. CONCLUSIONS : These results implied that prioritizing would be useful in establishing traffic operation strategies for traffic safety when constructing and opening deep underground tunnels in urban areas in the future.

A simulation model of the 2010/11 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the city of Andong, Republic of Korea was constructed to evaluate the epidemiologic effectiveness of FMD-control strategies. Seven FMD-control strategies were evaluated with respect to a number of epidemiologic indicators relating to the outbreak, including the number of infected animals, number of infected farms, and epidemic duration. The FMD-control strategies in the model consisted of pre-emptive slaughtering, movement restriction, and vaccination; however, levels of each control option differed. The constructed model was not perfectly representative of the 2010/11 FMD epidemic, although it was considered to mimic the actual FMD epidemic in its prediction of two outcomes: the median number of simulated FMD-detected farms was 294 (range 207–515), which was close to the number of farms detected (299) during the actual FMD epidemic (x2=87.239, df=98, p = 0.774); and the simulated epidemic curve was visually similar to the actual epidemic curve of the 2010/11 FMD epidemic. The effectiveness evaluation of simulated FMD-control strategies emphasized the amount the FMD outbreak size could have increased if the radius of the pre-emptive slaughtering area or the duration of movement restriction were decreased.

This study was performed to establish the control strategies effectively using Eco-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) and natural enemy when cultivating autumn-type leaf perilla and to investigate the population densities of seasonal major pests such as Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite, TSSM), Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus), Aphis egomae, and Pyrausta panopealis. TSSM showed the occurrence in the seedling stage from August to the end of September and controlled using EFAM in the nursery. Broad mites had a low occurrence in October, December, and the following year showed the density of two or more leaves per leaf from February. Aphis egomae was locally prevented around the area of occurrence, and it showed more than five per leaf in October. Pyrausta panopealis seemed to occur from August to September. Aphis egomae is control using high-toxic EFAM before the overwintering and prevents it from using banker plants planted barley in the winter. Pyrausta panopealis is protected by biological pesticides in August registered in the leaf perilla.

A climate change has been reported as the most important issue related with vector borne diseases eg. Zika and Denguemainly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In 2016, 24 imported Zika virus disease cases and > 300 cases of Dengue feverwere reported in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In the ROK, the control of disease vectors has been mainly carried outusing chemicals, which resulted in high insecticide resistance. Many studies and projects in Korea Center for DiseaseControl & Preventionfor overcoming the insecticide resistance of disease vectors have been carried out and some nationaldisease vector management systems for effective vector control are established throughout the ROK. In this presentation,the national vector management systems and studies will be addressed.Key words : Disease vectors, National management, the Republic of Korea, climate change

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an ongoing global public health emergency with 74 countries (Sep. 19 2016) and territories reporting evidence of ZIKV transmission since 2015. Total 14 cases of Zika have been reported since January 2016 and all cases have been suspected as infections by mosquito bite on overseas. Vector control strategy of comprehensive national Zika control strategies will be presented on this presentation. To efficiently control Ae. albopictus when Zika inflow into ROK, nine ministers of government held on Zika countermeasure meeting, checked preparatory attitudes and assigned roles of each minster for Zika control. Korea guidelines for Ae. albopictus control were distributed to local governments and related ministers of government and vector control agents in all local government were educated by vector control experts. To block transmission of Zika virus by mosquito bite from overseas travel-associated patients Zika patients in ROK, vector monitoring and control were carried out at surroundings near residences of patients and decreased vector population density.

Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseidae) is well known as an effective natural enemy of two-spotted spider mite, Tetrnychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). However, successful biological control usually requires adequate management of temperature. While P. persimilis did suppress T. urticae at moderate condition (20~25oC) in a week or so, the density of P. persimilis was barely increased at cold condition (5~10oC) in three weeks or so. The problem is that winter temperature is too cold for the development and reproduction of P. persimilis in greenhouse for forcing strawberry. Night temperatures in greenhouse were even mostly lower than 6oC. So, winter application of P. persimilis against T. urticae is useless. To avoid damage from T. urticae in early spring season, it was better that the release amount of P. persimilis was double at middle- and late-October, instead of early-November to next early-February. If necessary, the double releasing of P. persimilis might be good for control of T. urticae at middle- and late-February.

Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman is the most injurious parasitic pest of honeybee in the world. Varroa mites had been originally external parasites of Asian honeybee (Apis cerana Fab.) in south eastern Asia. They jumped to European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) by 1963. Since then they have killed millions of European honeybee colony, which might be susceptible to them, in Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. Also in Korea since Varroa mites were first found in 1968, they have been destructive pests in most of A. mellifera apiaries. Varroa destructor commonly infesting the European honeybees was classified in 2000 as a different species from the Varroa jacobsoni originally identified on Asian honeybees. Varroa mites not only feed the haemolymph of bees, but also introduce virulent viral diseases, and interrupt the development of bee colony. The other external parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps clarea Delfinado & Baker, which was introduced in 1994 from China, has widely spread and also brought damages on honeybees.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of metastrategic exercise on a scientific reasoning strategy to control variables, and investigate the developmental patterns in the strategy usage within a given period. Two groups composed of 90 fifth grade students engaged in a scientific reasoning task over six daily sessions. Additionally, one group engaged in metastrategic exercise on fictional students' strategies of controlling variables on the task, while the other spent equivalent time on an unrelated task. Based upon results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn. First, the metacognitive exercise on the strategy to control variables has positive and long-standing effects on the strategy performance at the reasoning task. The exercise also takes effect of near-transfer. Taking into consideration only about sixty minutes of metastrategic practice, the results provide the validity of the activity in order to develop children's reasoning strategies. Second, in a scientific reasoning task, each child seems to go through one out of two developmental patterns in their usage of reasoning strategies: gradual change or fundamental change. Considering the ratio of pattern of fundamental change between the two groups, it is clear that the metacognitive exercise influences the developmental pattern of strategy usage.

The pine needle gall midge, Therodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, is the most important insect pest. It requires two different habitats for the development, on trees and under the ground. The habitat specific mortality rates ere for the respective habitats. The key developmental stage is the prepupa, and the key mortality factor is the moisture contents of the soil and its variability. Since the insect is an exotic, the population status is the periphery and in the source of infestation are considerably different. Such a difference in habitats and the population status of the insect should be considered in relation to suppression of the insect. The control strategies should be directional and rational based on the reality of the pest status. There have been substantial information on the control methods of the pine needle gall midge, and each control method has an important place, but none has always provided a satisfactory solution to the many problems associated by this insect. These methods should be applied to a system based on the ecology of the insect. There should be continued support for directed effort on the development of operational management systems for the insect: specifically, estmation of the critical economic injury level, and of the absolute density of the insect.

Started in early 2011, China’s new round of real estate regulation policy, aiming to bring down housing price to a reasonable level, suppressed the speculative and investment housing demand remarkably. Under the purchase control policy, housing prices in some cities fell in 2012 compared to a year ago, but housing prices in a number of megacities still remained in high level. Through introducing the housing price income ratio, the article talks about the algorithm for calculating reasonable housing price and price income ratio, thus determines the upper limit of reasonable price income ratio for different kinds of cities. It also calculates the degrees of exceeding the upper limit of the reasonable price income ratio, on the basis of which, the control standards of housing price are determined and the housing price control strategy model is established for the first time. At the end of this article, effective long-term measures for stabilizing the housing price after the reasonable return of housing prices are also presented.