The acute and subacute toxicities of copper sulfate were evaluated in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Dipping of fishes for acute toxicity was performed for a period of 24 h, and TLm24h value (median tolerance limit = LC50) was 1.36 ppm. Clubbing of gill filaments due to severe epithelial hyperplasia of gill lamella were oberved. And epithelial edema, fusion and necrosis of renal tubules were presented. The most significant change was mild epithelial hyperplasia of gill lamella in subacute toxicity test which fishes were exposed to 0.15 ppm of copper sulfate for 1 week.

황산구리 전해욕에 분산제인 콜리이달 실리카(SiO2현탁액)를 첨가시키는 분산도금의 방법을 이용하여 음극에 석출하는 전해 석출물의 결정구조, 표면형상, 결정방향 등의 변화를 검토하였고 내식성, 물리적 특성 또한 조사하였다. 콜로이달 실리카를 분산시킨 구리 전해욕의 석출피막의 특성에 대해서 조사한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 전해 석출피막의 결정입자가 미세화 되고, 균일하게 성장됨은 물론, 결정 수가 증가하였으며, 콜로이달 실리카의 분산 효과에 의해서 전해 석출피막의 경도가 대략 16%까지 상승하였다. 또한 콜로이달 실리카를 분산시킨 극리 전착층의 X-선 회절패턴이 (111)면, (200)면과 (311)면이 거의 소멸되어 우선 방위가 (111)에서 (110)면으로 변화되었다. 부식전위의 측면에서도 콜로이달 실리카의 흡착 효과에 의해서 구리 전착층의 전위가 귀하게 이동하는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

This study examined how to produce new methods of copper (II) sulfate crystallization by using a small-scale chemistry tool such as small-scale reaction surface and petri dish. The making of copper(II) sulfate is included in the 5th grade elementary science textbooks. Various copper(II) compounds were reacted with a 2 M sulfuric acid solution. The result of this study is as follows: Seven small amounts of copper(II) compounds were reacted with a few drops of 2 M sulfuric acid solution at room temperature to make a copper(II) sulfate crystal of triclinic shape. Using the petri dish method, a copper(II) sulfate crystal could be identified within one hour of reacting copper(II) hydroxide, copper(II) carbonate, copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) perchlorate, cupric(II) formate from a few drops of 2 M sulfuric acid solution at room temperature. When using the lap top method for copper(II) perchlorate, cupric formate, a proper crystal could be identified within one hour as well. SSC methods were used for the first time to make a copper sulfate crystal via chemical reaction. We can make a copper(II) sulfate crystal using a simple method which is easier, safer and saves time in class. And since a small quantity of chemicals are being used in SSC chemical methods, waste is greatly reduced. This lessens the amount of environmental problems caused by the experiment. This can be helpful in preserving nature. In addition the cost of chemical and laboratory equipment is greatly reduced because it uses material that we find in our daily lives. There will be continued study of small-scale methods such as improvement of new programs, study and training of teachers, and securing SSC tools. I would like to suggest such as SSC methods are applicable in elementary School Science. I would like it to become a wide spread program.

Adsorption on goethite of individual component from a solution containing phosphate, sulfate, or copper ion was investigated. Competitive adsorption in the binary and ternary solution systems composed of phosphate, sulfate, and copper ions was also investigated. In competitive adsorption systems with phosphate and sulfate ions, the presence of phosphate ion reduced the adsorption of sulfate ion largely. On the other hand, the presence of sulfate ion caused only a small decrease in phosphate adsorption. This result suggests that phosphate ion is a stronger competitor for adsorption on goethite than sulfate ion, which is consistent with the higher affinity of phosphate for the surface compared to sulfate ion. Compared to the results from single-sorbate systems, adsorption of copper ion in the binary system of sulfate ion and copper ion was found to be enhanced in the presence of sulfate ion. Addition of sulfate ion to the binary system of copper ion and phosphate ion resulted in a small enhancement in copper sorption. This result implies that the presence of sulfate ion promotes adsorption of the ternary complex FeOHCuSO4. The adsorption isotherms could be well described by the Langmuir adsorption equation.

Adsorption of phosphate, sulfate, and copper ion to goethite was investigated. Goethite was prepared in the alkaline solution. In the single adsorbate systems, the final equilibrium plateau reached within 20 min. The adsorption isotherms of the individual ions could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were calculated as 0.483 mmol/g and 0.239 mmol/g at pH 3 for phosphate and sulfate ion, and 0.117 mmol/g at pH 6 for copper ion, respectively. In competitive adsorption system with phosphate and sulfate, phosphate ion was a stronger competitor for adsorption on goethite than sulfate ion, which was consistent with higher affinity of phosphate ion for the surface compared to sulfate ion. The existence of sulfate ion enhanced the adsorption of copper ion but the adsorption of sulfate was inhibited when copper ion was present.