Animal experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of fermented rice germ and soybean extracts in lowering blood alcohol concentration. A compound primarily derived from fermented soybean extract constitutes the principal component of DA-5521, an experimental dietary substance examined in this study. We investigated the possible hangover-alleviating effects of DA-5521 in individuals aged 19 to 50 who had previously experienced hangovers. Moreover, we enrolled 22 participants who met the eligibility criteria and conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Six hours after alcohol consumption, the test group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in blood acetaldehyde concentration compared with the placebo group. Further, our results displayed significantly lower levels in the DA- 5521 group at 0.50 and 0.75 h post-ingestion and substantially lower peak breath alcohol concentration compared to the placebo group. These findings confirm that consumption of DA-5521 can significantly ameliorate hangover symptoms by diminishing blood acetaldehyde concentration and reduce breath alcohol concentration.

In supply chain, there are a variety of different uncertainties including demand, service time, lead time, and so forth. The uncertainty of demand has been commonly studied by researchers or practitioners in the field of supply chain. However, the uncertainty of upstream supply chain has also increased. A problem of uncertainty in the upstream supply chain is the fluctuation of the lead time. The stochastic lead time sometimes causes to happen so called the order crossover which is not the same sequences of the order placed and the order arrived. When the order crossover happens, ordinary inventory policies have difficult to find the optimal inventory solutions. In this research, we investigate the lead time distribution in case of the order crossover and explore the resolutions of the inventory solution with the order crossover.

원자력 발전소에 지진격리장치를 설치하여 내진성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 그러나 지진격리장치의 적용으로 지반과 구조물 사이에서 큰 상대 변위가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 지진격리된 구조물과 일반 구조물을 연결하는 연결배관시스템의 경우 지진리스크가 증가할 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 배관시스템의 지진취약도를 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진취약도 분석 을 위해 지진격리된 APR1400 원자력발전소와 주증기관을 대상으로 지진취약도를 분석하였다. 주증기관은 지진격리된 nuclear island의 보조 건물과 터빈 건물을 연결하는 인터페이스 배관이다. 지진취약도 분석을 위한 파괴모드는 누출관통균열로 정의하였다. 누출은 실험결과와 수치해석을 통해 손상지수로 정량화하여 취약도 분석을 위한 파괴기준으로 사용하였다. 파괴기준의 변동에 의한 취약도 곡선의 변동성을 확인하기 위하여 손상지수의 최솟값, 최댓값, 평균값 및 중앙값을 파괴기준으로 하여 지진취약도 곡선을 작성하였다.

Background: Vibration stimulation has emerged as a treatment tool to help reduce spasticity during physical therapy. Spasticity includes problems of reduced range of motion (ROM) and stiffness. However, the benefits of vibration rolling (VR) on interventions for stroke patients are unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of VR intervention on the ankle ROM and ankle stiffness in stroke patients. Design: A randomized crossover study. Methods: Seven stroke patients completed two test sessions (one VR and one non-VR [NVR]) in a randomized order, with 48 hours of rest between each session. Participants completed intervention and its measurements on the same day. The measurements included ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ROM and stiffness of ankle muscles, including the tibialis anterior, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle. Results: After VR, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, lateral gastrocnemius stiffness, and medial gastrocnemius stiffness improved significantly (all P<.05). After NVR, only the lateral gastrocnemius stiffness improved significantly (P<.05). Furthermore, in the cases of changed values for ankle dorsiflexion ROM and lateral gastrocnemius stiffness were compared within groups, VR showed a more significant difference than NVR (P<.05) Conclusion: VR improved ankle ROM and muscle stiffness. Therefore, we suggest that practitioners need to consider VR as an intervention to improve dorsiflexion ROM and gastrocnemius stiffness in stroke patients.

현대 대중문화에서 두드러지는 점은 두 가지 이상의 요소가 합쳐진 크로스오버 현상이다. 음악 분야 또한 마찬가지로 그중에서 일렉트로닉 음악은 세계 여러 민속음악 요소와의 크로스오버를 통하여 다양한 변화를 만들어가고 있다. 그러한 융합의 성격을 가지고 있는 민속음악 중에는 우리나라의 국악도 있다. 본 논문에서는 크로스오버 음악가 양방언의 작품 중 일렉트로닉과 국악의 크로스오버 곡 ‘정선아리랑 엮음아라리’의 리듬 구조를 분석하고 국악 장단의 활용 방법을 연구 하였고‘정선아리랑 엮음아라리’의 리듬 제작 방식을 확인하기 위해 리듬의 각 파트를 악보화하고 접목된 국악 장단과 비교 분석하였다. 리듬 구조를 단계별로 악보화 하여 제작 과정을 파악할 수 있었으나 분석에 한계는 존재하였다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 일렉트로닉 음악과 국악 장단을 접목한 리듬 제작 방법의 새로운 접근법과 방향을 제시하였다.

The non-Western world has experienced many problems since the Western Powers have contacted them. The non-Western world had to accept the Western culture by force or by their needs. Music was one of them. The Western Music that I use in this paper is the music of the Classical and Romantic period. Harmony and chord progressions are the core of the music of those periods. In the present day most of the people in the world can understand the Western music no matter if they live in the Western Continents or not. The mass media contributes to overflow the Western music in the world. 'The Western Music' is used as a sign or a symbol to help to understand the extra-musical situations for those who live in the Western style life in the world. Since the most of the non-Western traditional music does not have the harmony and chord progressions and the people in the non-Western world began to loose the idioms of their indigenous music, the musicians of the non-Western culture began to use the Western harmony in their newly composed music to be accepted by their people. The word crossover is used in this way. The Western harmony and chord progressions are also used in the newly composed Korean traditional music. In this paper, I examine this cultural blending and how the future music would be.

Die Postmodeme wird als wichtiger Begriff venvendet, um die heutige Zeit zu beschreiben, besonders in der Philosophie und in der Kunst. Sie hat in vielen Bereichen unseres Lebens, wie z.B. der Architektur, Kultur, Film, Ballett, Religion, Politik und Mode ihre Wirkungskreise gezogen. Auch in der Musik des 20. Jh. wurde Postmodeme als ein wichtiges Pha¨nomen akzeptiert. Besonders zeichnet sich die musikalische Postmodeme aus durch ihre U¨benvindung der Kluft zwischen artifizieller Musik und Trivialmusik. In diesem Zusammenhant wird "Crossover" ein wichtiges Merkmal der Musik in unserer Zeit. In dieser Studie wurde versucht, aus dem Aspekt der musikalischen Postmodeme Crossover zu untersuchen. In der Moderne wurde die Tradition kritisch bea¨ugelt, was mit einem verlangen nach Neuem ausgedru¨ckt wurde. Hier war Kunst weniger ein Genussobjekt denn ein Erkenntnisobjekt, das ho¨here Werte wie <Wahrheit> und <Gesellschaftskritik> zu erkennen und zu erfu¨llen hatte. Diese Sichtweise teilten Komponisten wie auch das Publikum. Der Komponist schuf also ein Werk, dem er einen ho¨heren Sinn verlieh, wa¨hrend dem Publikwn abverlangt wurde, dass es diese Bedeuhmg erkennt und nachvollzieht. Dies fu¨hrte aber zu einer Zweiteilung der Kunst in eine hohe Kunst und eine niedere Kunst oder' auch Trivialkunst. Adomos Teilung der Musikkultur des 20. Jahrhunderts in Avantgarde und Kitsch bringt diese Situation auf den Punkt. Demnach na¨herte sich die Position der Kunst fu¨r die Kunst einem immer elita¨reren und akademischeren Denken, wa¨drend die Massenkultur dank der Vermarktung immer weiter verbreitet wurde, was einen tiefen Abgrund zwischen den beiden verursachte. Doch in der Postmodeme wurde dieses dichotomische Denken verurteilt. L. Fiedler Wckt dies so aus : "Die Vorstellung von einer Kunst fu¨r die 'Gebildeten' und einer Subkunst fu¨r die 'Ungebildeten' bezeugt den letzten U¨berrest einer a¨rgerlichen Unterscheidung innerhalb der industrialisierten Massengesellschaft, wie sie nur einer Klassengesellschafi zustiinde." Kunst in der Postmodeme ist kein Gegenstand des Erkennens, sondem ein a¨sthetisches Erlebnis an dem man teilhaben kann. Dies fihrte zur U¨berwindung des Abgrundes zwischen hoher und niederer Kunst. Ausdruck und Subjektivitat wurden die neuen Schlagworter fu¨r die Komponisten und gerade in letzter Zeit treten immer haufiger Crossover-Formen in Erscheinung, wie z.B. bei dem Pianisten Friedrich Gulda, der klassische Werke auf jazzige Weise improvisiert oder aber auch bei zahlreichen Konzerten, wo klassische Musk und Unterhaltungsmusik unter einem Dach und Fach gebracht werden. Diese Beispiele zeugen Air den Wandel im musikalischen Denken beztkglich einer A¨sthetisierung des Alltagsleben, was als Versuch gesehen wird, Kunst und Produkte der Kunstvermarktung zu erga¨nzen. In diesem Wandlung der musikalischen Anschauung wurde "Crossover" ein wichtiges Chamkterikum unser Zeit. Aber nach der Untersuchung von "Crossover" in artizifieller Musik wurde festgestellt, daß "Corssover" nur ein kleiner Teil der heutigen Musikkulur ist. Die sog. postmodeme Komponisten wie K. Penderecki, W. Rihm, G. Rochberg haben auf einer anderen Weise musikalische Postmodeme in seiner Komposition ausgedrcu¨ckt, und fast keine "Crossover"-Musik komponiert. Nir in dem Bereich der Unterhaltungsmusik la¨ßt sich mehrere Versuche zur U¨berwindung des Grabens zwischen artifizieller Musik und Unterhaltungsmusik finden. So ist es no¨tig, daß wir die Bedeutung von "Crossover" genau erkennen und nicht Ubertreiben.

The purpose of this study was to compare acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS) with conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(C-TENS) for crossover effect in healthy subjects. Forty subjects recieved ALTENS(20 persons), C-TENS(20 persons) to one upper extremity. Each technic was applied to the motor point of the wrist extensor muscle group for twenty-minutes. With the subject placed in supine the technics were applied at 80 Hz, 2-10 mA(ALTENS) and 10 Hz, 4-12 mA(C-TENS). Results revealed: (1) a significant difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment in each group(p<.05) (2) no significant difference between ALTENS and C-TENS(p>.05). In conclusion, there was no difference between ALTENS and C-TENS for crossover effect.

Kim Young-roung. 1999. A Minimalist Analysis of Weak Crossover Effects. Studies in Modern Grammar 16, 89-101. This paper aims to find out a more persuasive theory of a weak crossover principle by comparing some linguists` arguments concerning crossover phenomena. By reviewing various examples regarding weak/strong crossover and linking preferred to coindexation, this paper shows that a minimalist explanation of linking renders it possible to account for weakest crossover data without the use of null epithets, while scrutinizing the environments of the so-called weakest crossover phenomena. A linking approach can finesse weak crossover effects. This paper also notes that the constructions with psych verbs are judged more acceptable than those without psych verbs. Following Chomsky`s (1993) assumption that objects move out of the VP to Spec AgrO for case-checking at LF, we can find further evidence favoring a linking approach to weak crossover effects.