This study was performed to analyze dietary influences on the regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in postmenopausal women using the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 1,724 women were classified into cardiovascular risk groups based on risk factors and differentiated into high LDLC and normal groups according to the target serum LDL-C levels. The risk group distribution was as follows: Very high-risk group (6%), high-risk group (49.4%), moderate-risk group (42.3%), and low-risk group (2.3%). The high LDL-C group demonstrated abdominal obesity and prediabetes, with their carbohydrate energy intake exceeding the Korean dietary guideline recommendations of 65%. Increased fat (OR 2.67, 95% CI; 1.19-6.02) and cholesterol (OR 2.43, 95% CI; 1.02- 5.77) intake correlated with higher LDL-C risk. The high LDL-C group showed elevated saturated fat and reduced polyunsaturated fat consumption (p for trend <0.001). Thus, to regulate the LDL cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women, they maintain an appropriate weight in addition to managing abdominal obesity and continuously monitoring blood sugar levels. Furthermore, it is important to limit the intake of high saturated fat meats and consume sufficient protein from sources such as beans, fish, and eggs, which contain healthy unsaturated fats.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) 유전자는 주로 간에서 분비되며 저밀도지단백질 수용체(LDLR)와 결합체를 이루어 세포 내 저밀도지단백질 수용체를 약화시킴에 따라 저밀도지단백질(LDL) 흡수를 감소시킨다. PCSK9은 심혈관 질환 및 상염색체 우성 가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증과 깊은 연관성을 나타내며 발병 메커니즘을 조절하는 주요한 인자로서 치료제 개발을 위해 많은 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 하지만 생식계통 내에서 PCSK9의 발현 및 기능에 대한 연구가 미비한 현실이다. 이에 본연구에서는 고 콜레스테롤 식이에 따라 수컷 랫드의 생식기관 (음경, 전립선, 정소) 내 Pcsk9의 발현 변화를 확인하고자 한다. 과도한 콜레스테롤의 축적으로 인한 이상지 질혈증은 수컷 랫드의 생식기능장애와 내분비교란을 유발하지만 이를 일으키는 조절 인자와 메커니즘은 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구진의 선행연구에서는 고 콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤 레벨이 증가 및 고밀도지단백질(HDL) 콜레스테롤의 감소를 확인하였다. 이 후, Pcsk9의 mRNA 발현은 음경 조직 내에서 80% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고 그 발현은 주로 발기 조직인 음경해면체 및 요도해면체 내 요도상피세포에서 주를 이룸을 확인하였다. 또한 Pcsk9은 고콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 발생하는 전립선 비대증 조직 내에서 20% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 마지막으로 Pcsk9은 고 콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 랫드의 정소 조직내에서 정상 정소 조직에 비해 약 28% 감소하였으며 정자발생에 주요한 정세관 내 정원세포, 정모세포, 정세포에서 그 발현이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 Pcsk9 유전자가 수컷 랫드 생식기관 (음경, 전립선, 정소)에서 고콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 발현이 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 Pcsk9이 남성 생식기관의 성장 및 발달 메커니즘에 중요한 역할을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

Cladosiphon okamuranus is edible brown algae cultured commercially and massively at Okinawa coast. Dietary fiber occupying most of C. okamuranus isn't digested and absorbed by digestive enzymes of human. But it is known to prevent and treat constipation as metabolic disease. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber extracted from C. okamuranus on the damage of liver and the blood cholesterol level in the high fat dietfed rats. The effects were measured by the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in sera. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG and LDL were significantly reduced in the C. okamuranus-treated group compared with the high fat diet group. But HDL level was markedly increased. The results showed that the dietary fiber extracts from C. okamuranus have the inhibitive effects of cholesterol biosynthesis in the high fat diet-fed rats.

This study demonstrates that pork cholesterol levels are reduced in finishing swine fed β-cyclodextrin (βCD). The study subjects were 120 swine fed their respective chow diets containing 0, 5, 7, or 10% βCD for 35 consecutive days. Plasma total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol of the βCD- treated group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). The levels of plasma lipid were significantly decreased by 63.22 mg, 73.98 mg, and 82.12 mg in the finishing swine group fed βCD at 5%, 7%, and 10% , respectively, compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). When 5, 7, and 10% βCD was administered to finishing swine, the triacylglyceride levels were decreased by 56.24 mg, 55.48 mg, and 60.02 mg, and total cholesterol concentration was reduced by 25.05 mg, 27.17 mg, and 30.19 mg, respectively, compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Excretion of total steroid significantly (p<0.05) increased with increase of βCD supplementation. The cholesterol levels of swine back fat, belly, loin, and ham were significantly decreased with increase of βCD supplementation (p<0.05). The pork cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 15.31% in the βCD-treated group, compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that feeding βCD to finishing swine may produce novel functional pork with low cholesterol levels.

This study was performed observe the effect of edible oil on the serum lipid of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently eigher for 8 weeks : basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet, 20% coconut oil diet. The followings are the results of this experiment. 1. The total chol., free chol., TG, PL level in the serum were showed tendency of decrease with in creasing of P/S ratios. 2. HDL-chol. level was increased with increasing of P/S ratios but LDL-chol. level was decreased. 3. GOT, GPT, TBA level in the serum were increased with increasing of P/S ratios.

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fat on of vitamin levels E, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum of Spraque-Dawley male rats. Experimental rats were fed for 4 weeks with corn oil, perilla oil, lard at a level of 10% and 20% respectively. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Body weight gains were similar to all groups and food intake was significantly lower in all experimental diet groups than control diet group, especially 20% corn oil diet group was the lowest among the experimental diet groups. 2. Vitamin E levels in serum were significantly lower in 20% corn oil and 10%, 20% perilla oil diets groups than control diet group. 3. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in 20% perilla oil diet group which was significantly lower in vitamin E level than control diet group, and serum total cholesterol levels of 10%, 20% lard diets groups were significantly higher than control diet group. 4. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in 20% perilla oil diet group which was significantly lower in vitamin E level than control diet group, and serum HDL-cholesterol levels of 10%, 20% lard diets groups also were significantly lower than control diet group.

Several authors reported that vegetable proteins cause to decrease serum cholesterol and reported the effect of limiting amino acid balance in dietary protein on the blood component. This study was designed to observe growth rate and blood component in 1% cholesterol-fed male rats intake pure isolated soy proteins and methionine for 4 weeks. The diets were supplemented with either 20% casein or isolated soy protein as dietary protein sources and methionine as limiting amino acid of isolated soy protein and casein protein. The results were as follows; 1) The body weight gain was the greatest in casein groups. 2) Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by casein groups and slightly decreased by isolated soy protein groups. 3) Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by isolated soy protein groups than control group. 4) Serum total lipid and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased by isolated soy protein groups than control group. 5) Serum glucose concentration was significantly increased by isolated soy protein plus 0.8% methionine than control group. 6) Serum total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly increased by all experimental diets groups than control group. Especially, casein groups were the most increased in all experimental diets groups.

Our country has been produced much amounts of panax ginseng roots which has a stimulating effects on the metabolism of protein, lipid and nucleic acids in the body. And the leaf trunk of panax ginseng were also produced a considerable amounts as the by - products. Therefore, this study was devised to observe the nutritional effect to rats feeding of rice diet supplemented with by - products of panax ginseng, male Albino rats of pure strain weighing 73.8 ± 0.7 g were used as experimental animal to investigate the changes of cholesterol in heart and testis. The animals were divided into sixteen diet group, they were the protein contents of 9%, 12%, 15% and 18% supplemented with 2% panax ginseng roots and its by - products respectively. The group without the supplements were used as the control. The diet group were again divided into 2 groups according to the feeding terms, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. It is concluded that the free from cholesterol and total cholesterol contents in the heart and testis with the supplements of panax ginseng roots and its by - products showed significant difference compared to the control group.

본 연구는 chitosan-ascorbate (CA) 첨가(0.1%)가 물김치의 숙성에 미치는 영향과 고콜레스테롤식이 흰쥐의 혈청지질에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. CA첨가 물김치는 무첨가에 비하여 탁도가 낮고, 보존성이 높으며, glucosamine함량이 무첨가에 비하여 배, SOD활성이 로 높았으며 2025 kDa의 chitosan으로 제조한 CA2025가 가장 양호하였다. 동물실험은 SD계 흰쥐로 정상식 이군(NC), 고콜레스테롤 식이군(HC