The causes of juvenile crimes are varying with many reasons, can not be just defined with one reason. It is very easy for juveniles to become violent and fall into misdeed, bad social environment; such as, family or parents' divorce problems accelerates this kind of misbehavior, especially when they are mentally acuity in this stage of their lives. On the impulse of the moment directly connects to the delinquencies which make their life miserable and furthermore, they become an obstruction of the society and country. Juvenile delinquents have to be take cared with psychological treatments, such as using a dog, because their hearts are dried up for many reasons. It is possible to help delinquents in The the Cheonan Juvenile Correctional Institution to reduce criminal minds and violent behaviors through psychological treatments and reform edification to make them love animals. This study has been researched through result of surveysand MMPI tests on guard diaries and observation record for using dogs as a treatment for violent reduce of juvenile delinquents in the Cheonan Juvenile Correctional Institution. With the result, we came to the conclusion that it will be a suitable program for juvenile and female delinquents in the future.

본 연구에서는 도그 피스 설치량에 따른 용접 변형 실험을 수행하여 용접 변형 감소 효과를 정량적으로 평가하였고, 도그 피스 설치를 고려한 용접 변형 해석 방법을 제안하였다. 용접 변형 실험 결과, 도그 피스 설치량이 증가할수록 용접 변형이 감소하며 최대 74%의 변형 감소 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 원판형 열속 모델을 사용한 열탄소성 유한요소 해석을 활용하여 도그 피스 설치를 고려한 용접 변형 해석 방법을 제안하고, 해석 결과와 실험 결과가 좋은 유사성을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 해석 방법은 현행 도그 피스 설치량에 대한 적정 여부를 평가하거나 도그 피스 사용량을 절감할 수 있는 설치 가이드를 마련하기 위한 해석적 툴로 활용될 수 있다.

A female wild raccoon dog was referred with a history of generalized seizure. Mild leukocytosis was noted on laboratory tests. Gross lesions included nasal hemorrhage, hemothorax, and hemorrhage in the urinary bladder with hematuria. Microscopically, interstitial and purulent bacterial pneumonia was observed in the lungs. In the cerebellum, characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in Purkinje cells, and severe demyelination was observed in the cerebellar white matter. Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was suspected and confirmed after detection of CDV nucleoprotein RNA in the cerebrum and the lungs by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Based on the histopathological and molecular diagnostic findings, it was concluded that the raccoon dog was infected with CDV.

The brachiocephalic muscle in domestic mammals is formed as a homology of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the clavicular part of the deltoid muscle since it results from reduction of the clavicle as a clavicular intersection. The cranial insertions of the brachiocephalic muscle vary among species in domestic mammals. In the dog, the brachiocephalic muscle comprises three parts, which arise from the clavicular intersection and insert at the humerus, the dorsal cervical raphe, and the mastoid process of the temporal bone. These three parts are named the cleidobrachial muscle, the cervical part of the cleidocephalic muscle, and the mastoid part of the cleidocephalic muscle, respectively. This complexity could confuse veterinarians and complicate surgical procedures in this area. Information about the normal structure of this muscle, and any variation therein, would help to avoid such situations. During dissections of a male cross-breed dog, we found that the brachiocephalic muscle had two bellies located on the mastoid part of the cleidocephalic muscle that extended from the clavicular intersection to the wing of the atlas and the mastoid process of the temporal bone. They were innervated by the accessory nerve and the ventral branches of the second, third, and fifth cervical nerves, and they were supplied by the ascending branch of the superficial cervical artery. These bellies were considered to be a rare variation of the muscle. This is the second report of a brachiocephalic muscle variation in a dog, in which the mastoid part of the cleidocephalic muscle was made of two bellies inserted independently. Such variations should be considered during anatomical dissections and surgical procedures.

Some researchers have been the effect of people petting a dog while measuring their brain waves using an EEG recorder. However, until now, there was little information on the effects of petting a dog. This study investigated the effects of petting a companion dog on electrical activity in the brain as evaluated by an electroencephalogram(EEG). The subject was 23 healthy male young adult. EEG electrodes were attached at the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes according to the international 10-20 system. The subject conducted petting a retriever dog for a period of 3 minutes each before, and after petting a dog. The activity of petting a dog decreased the alpha power/beta power ratio on the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain. These decreases induced by the increased beta power. The increased beta power induced the enhancement of brain activity. It is concluded that petting a dog increases the state of activity in the brain; alpha powers/beta powers ratio was increased in the brain of subject. This is expected to be utilized to activate the brain areas for creativity of the subjects.

This study aims to construct the basic data of ground-scratching behaviors of Korean native dog, Jindo-Gae (Canis lupus familiaris) and to estimate the frequency of ground-scratching, especially natural and artificial environments. Ground-scratching rate of female and male dogs are 1 : 40.25. Ground-scratching after feacal-marking rate by male is 17.9 times higher than female. Ground-scratching behavior of jindo-Gae thought to a multiple sign combining visual and chemical elements. Native dogs thought to a missing link in dog domestication, thus behavioral comparisons between wolves and Korean native dogs are needed.

너구리는 대표적인 식육목 개과 동물로서 국내 전역에 서식하는 종이다. 너구리의 경우 광견병의 매개체로 알려져 있으며, 광견병은 한강이북지역에서 주로 발생하였으나 최 근 인구 밀집지역인 화성시, 수원시에서 발생함에 따라 사 육 개를 비롯한 야생동물에 대한 백신 투여 등 막대한 경제 적 손실을 유발하였다. 광견병을 예방하기 위해 발생한 인 근 지역으로 방역범위 설정 및 매개체에 대한 지속적인 예 찰활동이 필요한 실정이다. 적절한 방역범위 설정을 위해서 는 너구리의 생태적 특성을 파악할 필요성이 있으며, 가장 기초적인 연구가 서식환경에 따른 행동권 파악이다. 따라서 본 연구는 광견병 발생지역에 대한 적절한 방역범위 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위해 수행되었다. 너구리의 행동권을 파악하기 위해 2013년 3월부터 2014 년 10월까지 수원, 화성, 안산, 안양 지역에서 너구리를 포 획, 야생동물위치추적기(WT-200)를 하였으며, 야행성인 너구리의 서식특성을 감안하여 활동이 활발할 것으로 추정 되는 시간인 매일 밤 8:00와 새벽4:00에 GPS 좌표를 취득 하였으며, 일주일에 3번(월, 수, 금) 관련 좌표를 송신 받았 다. 자료의 분석을 위해 서식하는 환경에 따라 농촌지역(화 성, 안산, 평택-초지대, 농경지인접지역)과 도심지역(안양, 수원-도심생태하천, 도심공원지역)으로 구분하여 비교 분 석하였으며, 기온에 따른 행동권 차이를 분석하기 위해 동 절기(11월-2월)와 비동절기(3월-10월)로 구분하여 너구리 의 행동권을 분석하였다. 일정한 행동권이 없이 비정상적인 패턴(분산, 일정한 행동권이 없는 경우)을 보이는 너구리는 결과에서 제외하였다. 행동권의 분석은 ArcGIS 9.X 버전을 이용하여 최소블록 다각형(Minimum Convex Polygon)으로 분석하였으며, 돌 출된 비정상적 좌표(5km이상 이동)는 결과에서 제외하였 다. 분석된 자료는 비모수 검증(Mann-Whitney test)을 통해 두 집단 간의 차이가 있는지를 검증하였다. 연구결과 농촌지역(n=7)은 평균행동권이 0.61±0.50㎢ (Mean±SD)였으며, 도심지역(n=4)은 0.61±0.44㎢으로 확 인되었으며, 비모수검증 결과 두 지역 간 유의한 차이는 없 었다(Z= -0.189, P>0.05). 따라서 농촌지역과 도심지역의 행동권의 차이는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 농촌지역의 너구리는 산림지대가 주변에 있을 경우 산림 지역과 접해 있는 임연부 지역에 주로 서식하였으며, 하천 변의 너구리는 주변 농경지와 하천을 번갈아 가며 서식하는 양상을 보였다. 도심지역 너구리는 도심생태하천의 경우 하천수계를 따 라 행동권이 형성되어 있으며, 간혹 아파트 단지까지 행동 영역으로 하고 있었다. 수원시 서호일대에 동일 지점에서 포획한 2개체의 경우 한 개체는 공원위주로 서식하였으며, 한 개체는 고립된 산림지역 위주로 서식하여 행동권이 겹쳐 지지 않는 양상을 보였다. 동절기와 비동절기의 행동권의 차이는 동절기(n=7)의 경 우 0.55±0.47㎢이었으며, 비동절기(n=9)의 경우 0.40±0.38 ㎢로 수치상으로는 비동절기에 다소 좁은 행동권을 보였으 나, 통계적 차이는 없었다. 결과적으로 너구리는 서식환경(기온, 서식지역)에 따른 행동권의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이는 좁은 공간에서 집약 적으로 활동하는 너구리의 특성에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 선행문헌(최와 박 2006; 김 등 2008) 과의 비교에서도 본 연구결과와 유사한 결과가 확인되었다. 다만 농촌지역의 경 우 산림지역과 초지대를 병행해서 사용하는 경우가 많았으 며, 도심지역의 경우 하천수변 지역, 공원지역 등에서 주로 활동하였다. 간혹 민가 인근(아파트, 건물)으로 유입되는 경 향이 있었으나, 주 활동지역은 사람과의 접촉이 드문 지역 이었다.

A 12-year-old spayed female Pomeranian (weighing 2.4 kg) was referred with primary complaints of acute dyspnea, cough, and lethargy. Diagnostic imaging studies found degenerative mitral valve cusps, chordae tendinae rupture, severe mitral regurgitation (5.45 m/s of peak velocity), and marked left atrial and ventricular dilation. The dog was diagnosed as having degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with ISACHC stage IIIa heart failure. Her clinical condition was stabilized after administration of cardiac medication (e.g. diuretics and pimobendan). Ten months later, the dog was referred back to the clinic due to a sudden worsening of clinical signs. Echocardiographic study found pulmonary hypertension in addition to DMVD. After medication was adjusted, clinical signs were stabilized in 2 weeks. The patient was returned after 4 months for cardiac recheck and there was no obvious worsening of clinical signs. Incidental finding of a left-to-right atrial septal defect from rupture of the atrial septum secondary to marked left atrial dilation by DMVD was noted by echocardiography. To diminish left atrial volume overload, the frequencies of both furosemide and pimobendan were increased (i.e. from q 12 hr to q 8 hr) in addition to adding spironolactone (1 mg/kg q 12 hr). Based on diagnostic findings, this case was re-diagnosed as acquired atrial septal defect secondary to rupture of the atrial septum with advanced stage DMVD. The dog was then stabilized and is currently being regularly monitored.

A 2-year-old intact female pomeranian dog presented dyspnea, labored breathing, cough, exercise intolerance, machinery heart murmur, and precordial thrill. A left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed based on two-dimensional echocardiography, thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and blood work. An angiography was performed to accurately evaluate the size and shape of the duct. An interventional approach for transcatheterial occlusion of the PDA was achieved using an Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO), which is a commercially available ductal occluding device. Due to the limited size of the dog’s femoral artery, a device smaller [125% of minimal ductal diameter (MDD); recommended size: 150~200% of MDD] than recommended was mounted. After placement of the ACDO, precordial thrill and continuous heart murmur disappeared, and the patient was discharged the next day after stabilization with O2 supply. Upon follow up examination, dyspnea, labored breathing, cough, exercise intolerance, and cardiomegaly were improved with no complications after the procedure. The ACDO was well maintained in position. This case represents successful clinical application of the Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder to achieve closure of a PDA using a slightly smaller device than the recommended size.

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a canine model of stroke. Ischemic stroke was induced by using prepared autologous thrombus. The dogs were placed in lateral recumbency on the operation table and the cervical area of each dog was sterilized by using alcohol. After making a cervical incision, the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery (a branch of the common carotid artery that supplies an anterior part of the brain) were exposed. A 200 μL injection of the autologous thrombus prepared 24 hr prior to surgery was delivered with a 20 gauge venous catheter through an internal carotid artery. After successful delivery of the autologous thrombus, the venous catheter was removed, and the cervical incision was sutured. Neurologic signs including generalized seizures, tetraparesis, and altered mental status, were observed in all 3 dogs after induction of ischemic stroke and the signs manifested immediately after awakening from anesthesia. T1- and T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of the brain were acquired 1 day before and 1 day after surgery. On the day following ischemic stroke induction, MRI revealed multifocal lesions in the cerebral cortex and subcortex such as T1 hypointensity, T2 hyperintensity, FLAIR hyperintensity, and diffusion-weighted hyperintensity in all 3 dogs. Upon postmortem examination, ischemic lesions were found to be consistent with the MRI findings and they were unstained with 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Histologic features of the earliest neuronal changes such as cytoplasmic eosinophilia with pyknotic nuclei were identified. Neuropil spongiosis and perivascular cuffing were also prominently observed at the infarcted area. The present study demonstrated the features of MRI and histopathologic findings in canine ischemic stroke models.

Registration and identification of companion dos in urban areas is important for the wellbeing of the animals themselves, owner's piece of mind, and to allow city to plan for future community needs. Recently, in Korea, all dogs in urban areas must be registered at the regional city offices. Owners are encouraged to implant microchips in their cats and dogs regardless of age as it ensures these pets can be quickly reunited with the owners after separation. We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the perception of companion dog's owners on the animal registration policy. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 300 owners in Iksan city. Questions focused on how people were recognized the need and policies of animal registration. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had well understood about the policies of animal registration. Conclusionally, the promotions of animal registration policies were need. The development of fanimal registration policies were desirable for the establishment of companion animal welfare.

This study aims to construct the basic data of faecal-marking behaviors of Korean native dog breed, Jindo-Gae (Canis lupus familiaris) under the influence of spay and neuter and to estimate the frequency of faecal-marking, especially natural and artificial environments. Faecal-marking rate of female and male dogs are 3.43 : 1. Faecal-marking after urination by male is 13 times higher than female. Ground-scratching after feacal-marking by male is 24 times higher than female. Faecal-marking by jindo-Gae thought to a multiple sign combining visual and chemical elements and their faecal-marking postures are similar. Native dogs shows that a missing link in dog domestication, thus behavioral comparisons between wolves and Korean native dogs are needed.

This stuy aims to construct the basic data of urine-marking behaviors of Korean native dog breed, Jindo-Gae (Canis lupus familiaris) under the influence of spay and neuter and to estimate the frequency of urine-marking, especially natural and artificial environments. Most urination by male were RLU(87.3%)and by female were SQ(66.3%). Urine-marking by jindo-Gae thought to a multiple sign combining visual and chemical elements, also seem to sex dimorphism behavior. Native dogs shows that a missing link in dog domestication,thus behavioral comparisons between wolves and Korean native dogs are needed.

We would like to report a case of leiomyoma of the ovaries in a dog. Leiomyoma is commonly seen in the vagina in dogs. However, it is a very rare neoplasm in the ovaries. As there have only been a few reported cases, this report provides valuable information on veterinary medicine and pathology. Masses found in the ovaries need to be differentiated from other ovarian tumors. Therefore, we describe the gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of a case of ovarian leiomyoma in a 10-year-old female Yorkshire Terrier dog. The mass on the right of the uterus was found accidentally by pelvic ultrasonography. Laparatomy revealed a large multi-nodulated ovarian mass. Grossly, cut surfaces of the mass showed multiple firm whitish nodules in the cortex and bloody loose connective tissue in the medulla. Histopathologically, the cortex of the mass was composed of spindle cells forming interlacing fascicles. The cells had elongated, blunt-ended nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm as detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical stained sections were immunoreactive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin but negative for vimentin and S-100. Therefore, differential diagnosis confirmed leiomyoma based on morphology and positive staining for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin.

A 7-year-old spayed female English Cocker Spaniel dog presented with polyuria (PU), polydipsia (PD), intermittent vomiting, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed pale, tacky mucous membranes and severe emaciation. Hematological and biochemical examinations revealed moderate normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia and moderate azotemia. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated bilaterally small lumpy-bumpy kidneys with hyperechoic parenchyma as well as loss of renal corticomedullary junction. Based on clinical history and examinations, the dog was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The dog was treated with supportive care including fluid therapy, phosphate-binding agent, and histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Darbepoetin Alfa was administered to control renal secondary non-regenerative anemia. Prescribed diet with low-protein and low-phosphorus was fed to alleviate CKD signs. Further, dietary probiotics were supplemented. This case demonstrates that oral probiotic supplementation helped reduce blood urea-nitrogen (BUN) levels. This case indicates that dietary probiotics can be a potential alternative therapeutic agent for management of renal failure

Male pseudohermaphroditism is not commonly reported in veterinary medicine. Here, a 3-year-old Maltese/poodle mixed dog presented with malformed external genitalia and episodic hematuria. Inspection and palpation of the external genitals showed a malformed penis, shortened prepuce, external urethral orifice, and cryptorchidism. There was no urethral meatus at the tip of the penis. The urethral opening was situated between the prepuce and the penis. The anterior half of the prepuce was absent, and the penis was free and exposed to both trauma and licking. Plain radiographic examination showed absence of an os penis in the penis. A double-contrast cystograph showed the suspected uterus as well as the cystic calculi. A hypoechoic space was seen at the dorsal portion of the urinary bladder. The space was suspected to be the uterus. A sagital ultrasonograph showed cystic calculi in the urinary bladder. During surgery to remove cystic calculi, hypoplastic testes as well as the uterus were observed. Histological examination of the testes showed the seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells. The sertoli cells and spermatogonia were adjacent to the basement membrane. No evidence of spermatogenesis was found. Striated squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells were found in the uterus. This dog had vestigial oviducts as well as a uterus with male-appearing external genitals.

A-7-month-old, intact male Shih-Tzu dog was referred with facial dermatitis and stifle pain with 7 days duration. Erythema, hemorrhage, and crusted nodular lesions of the face, swollen eyelids, and otitis externa were observed. A painful response was noted on palpation of the right stifle joint. Impression smears and skin biopsies revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation consistent with canine juvenile cellulitis (CJC). Skin lesions and pain were greatly improved following immunosuppressive corticosteroid therapy. This report firstly describes clinical and histopatho- logical findings as well as treatment responses of CJC in a 7-month-old, domestic dog.

A two-year-old, castrated male Jindo dog presented with a three-week history of non-pruritic alopecia and scales on dorsum. The dermatologic lesions were progressive and did not respond to antibiotics and treatment for ectoparasite. Silver-white scales were adhered to the hair shafts and a follicular cast was marked on a trichogram. Findings on histopathologic examination of the skin lesions were consistent with sebaceous adenitis. Treatment with systemic cyclosporine and topical shampoo treatment was recommended for long term management. This case report is the first to describe a sebaceous adenitis in our country and suggests combination treatment approaches to long term management of this disease.

The purpose of this thesis is to verify the effects of animal assisted therapy program using therapy dogs for the impulsivity of children with ADHD. The researcher conducted a survey with 3 elementary school students : 11, 12, and 13 years old male students who were diagnosed with ADHD by the ‘Children Psychological Counseling Center’ in P city in Gyeonggi-do. The program was in session, two observers recorded the specific target behaviors and created a graph and chart showing the change in hyperactivity. Due to the small sample size, it might be hard to prove the statistical significance of the results, researcher uesd qualitative data analysis to show the statistical ignificance. Comparing the Before and After test results, it shows that children's impulsivity decreases. In conclusion, animal assisted therapy program using therapy dogs could be used effectively for the therapy of impulsivity of ADHD children.

A 10-year-old, castrated male, English cocker spaniel dog was presented for evaluation of a mass in the left forelimb. Physical examination revealed a solitary subcutaneous mass measuring 2.7 × 2.1 × 1 cm in size. Radiographs and ultrasonography showed a well-circumscribed, focally mineralized, non-invasive to muscle layer mass without signs of further bone invasion and periosteal reaction. Cytologic evaluation of the mass through fine needle aspiration revealed a mesenchymal cell type malignant tumor without distant metastasis. An excisional biopsy was performed for definitive diagnosis and the mass was diagnosed as cutaneous hemangiopericytoma. This case report presents disagreement between fine needle aspiration and histopathology during diagnostic procedures of cutaneous hemangiopericytoma in a dog.