현대사회는 반려동물을 기르는 가정이 증가하고 있다. 인간을 비롯한 반려동물도 일상 생활 속에서 피부질환의 위험에 놓여있고, 이에 따라 피부에 자극을 주지 않는 천연 세정 제품에도 큰 관심이 집중되고 있다. 천연제품이 대중화되어가고 있지만, 편리성과 즉효성을 장점으로 내세우는 일반 세제와 비누보다 천연제품의 이점을 보여주는 정확한 사례가 적다. 이를 알아보기 위해 기존에 사용되었던 세정제 제품을 직접 제작한 천연비누로 교체하였을 때의 피부변화를 실험하였다. 더 정확한 결과 값 측정을 위해 일제히 통제된 환 경에서 지정된 15마리의 실험견들을 선별하고, 유 수분 측정기와 관찰현미경을 이용해 연구를 진행하였고, 천연비누의 교체로 유분, 수분 함량은 증가하였고, 개선된 피부 상태를 확인했다.

본 실험은 마우스를 이용해 급성신부전에 대한 WK 추출물의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험 종료 후, 대조군은 항암제 주입 후 정상 대조군에 비해 혈중 BUN 및 creatinine 수치가 상승된 것을 확인할 수 있었고, WK-50군, WK-100군 및 WK-200군은 대조군에 비해 수치가 감소된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 중 WK-200군은 정상 대조군과 유의한 수준의 혈중 BUN 및 creatinine 수치가 관찰되었다. 조직학적 결과에서 적출한 신장 장기의 형태학적 손상을 알아본 결과, 대조군에서는 현저한 신손상이 관찰되었다. 반면, WK-50군 및 WK-100군에서는 신손상이 관찰되었으나 대조군에 비하여 그 정도가 심하지 않았고, 특히 WK-200군에서는 신손상이 거의 관찰되지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 WK 추출물은 급성신부전에 유의한 효과를 보이는 것으로 생각된다.

As of 2014, 26.4% of the total regulated odor emission facilities are occupied by livestock facilities. The odor of pigs is 10.9 OU·m3 / min per pig, which generates 15-50 times higher odor than other livestock. It is also a major cause of livestock odor complaint. Livestock odor substance is mixed 169 kinds of ingredients, 30 of which can be detected as odor. It contains sulfur, volatile fatty acids, phenols and indoles, ammonia and volatile amines. In particular, odorous substances of phenols and indole derivatives not included in domestic designated odor substances have high odor contribution and are not well decomposed. Therefore, it is known that despite the use of the odor reducing agent having a high removal rate of ammonia and the like, the residue is long and causes continuous discomfort. The odor problem using physical and chemical methods can not be solved because it can not solve the fundamental problem if the animal odor is not decomposed or removed. In the anaerobic environment, the bacteria present in the manure may produce volatile organic compounds, which are the cause of the odor, and the odor may be generated, and some microorganisms decomposing the odor substances may reduce the odor. B. subtillis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. acidophillus, Enterococcus faecium, L. plantarum, B.coagulans, B. fermentum, B. thuringiensis, B. licheniormis, B. subtillis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophllus, L. fermentum, L. lactis, L. plantarum, L. casei, L. brevis, Streptococcus faecium, Clostridium butyricum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, and photosynthetic bacteria are used as odor-reducing microorganisms.

The most effective microbial strains with the best ability to reduce complex odor were isolated from earthworm and activated sludge and identified using a 16S rDNA method. The isolated strains, Staphylococcus cohnii HYC-3 and S. carnosus JYC-4, were inoculated into the odor vials that had been left for 48 hours in water containing sesame dregs, and after 3 days, the ammonia was reduced to 5 ppm and 3 ppm from the initial 25 ppm, respectively. Complex odor was reduced to 2.5 and 2.2, respectively, while the control group maintained an odor of 5. The isolates were grown in the order of 30°C > 40°C > 20°C > 10°C. For HYC-3 and JYC-4, the optimum pH was 7 and 10, respectively, and the strains grew well at neutral pH ranges. To monitor the amount of microorganisms remaining in the environment by using the strain as a preparation for odor reduction, a probe for real-time PCR was designed. Through the quantitative and sensitivity tests on the developed strains, it was found that they showed excellent sensitivity.

As the population ages, the number of households raising companion animals is increasing. Companion animal industry has recently been diversified through a combination of various industries such as beauty, rest, and insurance, and the share of this industry in the economy is gradually increasing. Dandruid keratoses, ticks, and various pathogenic bacteria are parasitized on the skin and hair of a dog to damage the hair and cause skin diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of natural ingredients on the oil and moisture content of dog skin when using natural shampoos and using these shampoos. In this study, we measured the water content of four poodles of 1 year and 4 years old. The natural shampoo used in 4 rats was prepared and used directly. The results of this study showed that the water content in the forelimb of the experimental dog was almost unchanged when using the ordinary shampoo, but it increased with the use of the natural shampoo. Especially, when using natural shampoo for 3 weeks, it was confirmed that the water content of ordinary shampoo increased about 55.71% over 3 weeks. On the other hand, when using a general shampoo, the water content of the neck of the experimental dog was almost unchanged, and even when using the natural shampoo, the moisture content was almost unchanged. These results suggest that natural shampoos will have a better effect on maintaining the moisture content of companion animals compared to ordinary shampoos.

본 연구는 세계적으로 점점 애완 식품 시장이 발달하고 있음에 따라 천연물을 소재로 하여 치석, 치태를 감소시킬 수 있는 기능성 수제 간식을 개발하고 그것을 통하여 구강의 건강을 개선하고자 진행하였다. 연구에 사용된 개들은 주변 학우들에게 연구에 대하여 설명을 해주고 동의한 학우들의 개들에 통하여 진행하였다. 간식 급여 기간은 2016년 5월 11일 ~ 25일까지 2주간 급여를 진행하였고, 체중을 기준으로 급여하였다. 지표를 이용하여 치석, 치태의 축적도를 관능검사로 평가하였다. 상이한 대상을 통한 연구로 인하여 정확하지 못한 실험 결과를 초래 하였다. 이를 확인하기 위한 적절한 동물들의 사용과 재료에 대한 연구와 실험방법, 실험기간을 제대로 확립한다면 치석, 치태 감소에 좋은 새로운 소재라 생각한다.

2010년 아르헨티나 육류회의에서, 유엔 식량농업기구는 2050년 쇠고기를 먹는 것 은 사치일 것이며, 인구증가에 따른 경작지 감소와 광우병, 구제역, 조류인플루엔자 등으로 인해 육류는 안정성을 위협받게 되어 비용, 영양, 환경문제, 기타 질병 등을 고려 할 때 미래의 식량후보는 곤충이라고 발표했다. 우리나라도 이에 대비해야 할 것이라 판단하였고, 그를 위해 미래 주요 생산자이자 소비자가 될 대학생을 대상으로 식용곤충에 대한 인식조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 온라인 200명과 오프라인 582명에게 실시하여 표본집단의 크기를 충분히 크게 하였다. 또한 식용곤충 시장을 점유하고 있는 ‘P사’에서도 인터뷰를 실시해 시장 현황에 대한 내용을 참고하였다. 우리나라에서는 곤충을 주요 식량으로 이용하지 않는 만큼, 해당 설문조사에서는 대학생들이 식용 곤충에 대해 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있다는 결과가 나왔다. 식용곤충의 영양학적 가치 및 실용적인 측면을 알리고 곤충의 형태가 보이지 않는 가공 식품으로 제조하는 등의 방향을 제시하면 미래 식량자원으로 기여할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

축산 관련 작업 시 미세분진, 곰팡이, 세균, 가축의 배설물 등, 축사현장 환경여건이 작업자에게 위해한 영향을 미칠 우려가 있어 본 연구에서는 인수공통질병(병원성 대장 균, 살모넬라균 등)과 동물 병원성 바이러스 등에 의한 질병의 방역, 살처분 작업현장 및 축산업 종사자들이 사용하는 1회용 피복제로 외부로부터 인체 내로 접촉 또는 침투 되는 입자상물질(aerosol, particle, virus)과 방역 시 사용되는 액상 및 입자상 소독약 품의 유해화학물질(글루타르 알데히드, 구연산, 복합염류, 탄산소다, 가성소다) 감염예 방 및 생물학적 위해요인으로부터 보호하기 위한 내수도, 투습도, 내화학 특성이 우수한 PTFE membrane 복합 방역보호복 개발하고자 한다. 방역보호복 제품 3종을 실험 결과 병원성대장균 E. coli 0157에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국 내제품은 99.996%, 수입제품은 99.999%로 시험군보다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이 상 병원성대장균을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였고. S. gallinarium에서는 PTFE 복합원 단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.997%, 수입제품은 99.999%로 시험군보 다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999% 병원성대장균을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였으며 S. typhimurium에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.996%, 수입제품은 99.995%로 시험군보다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상 병원성대장균을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였다. 원충2종 실험에서 Eimeria coccidium과 Toxoplasma gondii에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.999%이상, 수 입제품은 99.999%이상으로 PTFE 복합원단과 국내제품, 수입제품 모두가 99.999%이 상 원충을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였다. 마지막으로 Influenza virus A 실험에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.944%, 수입제품은 99.937%로 시험군보다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상 바이러스를 Capturing하는 결 과를 보였다. 본 실험결과 개발제품인 PTFE membrane 복합 방역보호복 소재가 병원 성바이러스 3종과, 원충 2종, 바이러스가 보호복에 붙었을 경우, 특수한 결합에 의해 보호복이 병원균을 잡아주는 역할을 하여 2차 감염을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다.

In this article, we reviewed how the therapy animals for animal assisted intervention (AAI) could be treated ethically in the aspects of animal welfare. Our goal is to reexamine the animal-human partnership from the animal's viewpoint to see what the benefits might be for the animal, or to see if the raising, training, and deployment of assistance and therapy animals is causing significant degradation in animal welfare. Also, we want to make an impression for AAI therapists to examine their ethical responsibility for the welfare of their therapeutic assisting animals. Animal assisted psychotherapist must respect the integrity of the animals and recognize that their rights and safety are safeguarded. In this article, we intend to provide recent advanced knowledge on the animal welfare and ethical reference in the filed of animal-assisted intervention.

We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the university students's awareness pn the care systems of abandoned animals. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 546 students in Wonkwang, Keimyung and Chosun University. Questions focused on how students were recognized the need and policies of the care systems of the abandoned animals. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had well understood about the policies of adoption of the abandoned animals. Conclusionally, the promotions of adoption of the abandoned animals were need. The effective promotions of the adoption of the abandoned animals will be desirable for the establishment of abandoned animal welfare.

Environmental enrichment is the process of providing stimulating environments for zoo animals in order for them to demonstrate their species-typical behavior, to allow them exercise control or choice over their environment, and to enhance their well-being. We are aimed to provide the available knowledges about the animal enrichment programs for zoo animals through literature review. As the results, we reviewed the design of stimulating and naturalistic enclosures, the housing etc. Enrichment includes the design of stimulating and naturalistic enclosures, the housing of appropriate social groups in zoo, and the introduction of objects, sounds, smells or other stimuli in the animal’s environment. Conclusionally, environmental enrichment is just as critical to Zoo animal welfare as nutrition and veterinary medicine. At the zoos, enrichment will be an integral part of the daily care of the species in the collection.

There are so many animals, mostly dogs, that have been abandoned by their families to roam around the streets of Korean cities and towns. These animals often die in a miserable way such as being run over or being killed and eaten. It is a terrible site to see these dogs, lost and confused in a world without kindness. One solution to the problem is adoption, as it can save life and by example become a driving force to fundamental change in the thinking of other and in society. We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the university students's awareness of the adoption of the abandoned animals. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 789 students in Wonkwang, Keimyung and Chosun University. Questions focused on how students were recognized the need and policies of the adoption of the abandoned animals. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had well understood about the policies of adoption of the abandoned animals. Conclusionally, the promotions of adoption of the abandoned animals were need. The effective promotions of the adoption of the abandoned animals will be desirable for the establishment of abandoned animal welfare.

This study investigated the effects of Acorus gramineus aroma on electrical activity in the brain as evaluated by an electroencephalogram (EEG). The subject was 20 healthy female young adult. EEG electrodes were attached at the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes according to the international 10-20 system. The subject was exposed to Acorus gramineus aroma for a period of 1 minutes each before, and after aroma smelling. Acorus gramineus aroma increased the alpha power/beta power ratio on the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain. These increases induced by the increased alpha power. The increased alpha power induced calmness and stable status. It is concluded that Acorus gramineus aroma diminishes the state of wakefulness in the brain; alpha powers/beta powers ratio was decreased in the brain of subject. Acorus gramineus aroma may be used for a sleep-inducing effect.

Commercial Larva Zophobus atratus is sed as pet food, sold in pet stores under the name‘giant mealworms’. Zophobus atratus is also considered for the human alterative food in the future. In this study, we are aimed to compare the effects of the supplements including agricultural by-product for commercial Larva Zophobas atratus. One hundred Zophobas atratus larvae were divided into group I (wheat bran 100%, N=20), group II (wheat bran 70 % and rice bran 30%), group III (wheat bran 70 % and soybean meal 30%), group IV (wheat bran 70 % and red ginseng meal 30%), group V (wheat bran 70 % and red perilla meal 30%). The body weights of commercial Larva Zophobas atratus were significantly improved in the agricultural by-products supplemented groups. From these results, it is considered that the agricultural by-products were effective for larval growth in Zophobus atratus rearing with alternative diet.

Many people know the benefits of massage for people, especially if they have had an injury. It can also be a very relaxing experience. It the same way, dogs can benefit from pet massages. The owners can choose to do the massage thyself. Some of the benefits of massaging dogs were included to help him recover after an injury or strain, to be calm an excitable dog, to enhance blood circulation and other body functions, to restore and maintain muscle tone, also taken a chance to bond with dogs, to increase trust, and to provide relaxed effects. We are aimed to provide the available knowledges about the health-beneficial functional massage techniques for the companion dogs through literature review. As the results, we reviewed the massage techniques like as stroking, effleurage, wringing and kneading etc. Massages can improve a number of physical body functions like as blood circulation, gastrointestinal functions, relaxing, muscular stretching, immune activation, human animal bonds in dogs. Also, dog massages could induce the decrease of stress, depression and the palpation of the disease of dogs.

Companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company or protection. The most popular pcompanion animals are noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities. Companion animals commonly provide their owners physical and emotional benefits. Companion animals can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people. We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the perception of twenties's interviewers on the companion animals. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included twenties year-old ages. Questions focused on how interviewers were recognized the perception of companion animals. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had positively understood about the perception of companion animals.

This paper is derived from a survey research project investigating consumer attitudes towards organic food as the farm animal welfare. Presents focus group results on consumer perceptions, attitudes and recognition about farm animal welfare. We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the consumer's perception and demands of the farm animal welfare. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 20~60 year-old ages lived in Yongin, Anyang, Gunpo, Ansan, Seosan, Dangjin, Iksan and Jeonju city. Questions focused on how people were recognized the need and policies of farm animal welfare. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had poorly understood about the policies of farm animal welfare. Conclusionally, the promotions of farm animal welfare policies were need. The development of farm animal welfare policies were desirable for the establishment of animal welfare.

Registration and identification of companion dos in urban areas is important for the wellbeing of the animals themselves, owner's piece of mind, and to allow city to plan for future community needs. Recently, in Korea, all dogs in urban areas must be registered at the regional city offices. Owners are encouraged to implant microchips in their cats and dogs regardless of age as it ensures these pets can be quickly reunited with the owners after separation. We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the perception of companion dog's owners on the animal registration policy. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 300 owners in Iksan city. Questions focused on how people were recognized the need and policies of animal registration. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had well understood about the policies of animal registration. Conclusionally, the promotions of animal registration policies were need. The development of fanimal registration policies were desirable for the establishment of companion animal welfare.