본 연구는 소나무 2-0 용기묘를 대상으로 시비처리에 따른 생장변화와 시비처리 후 단수처리에 따른 생리활성 측정을 통해 내건성 증진을 위한 적정시비 방안을 수립하여 건강한 묘목 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 시비처리에 따른 소나무 묘목은 중도(2.0g/ℓ)의 시비구에서 가장 높은 묘고 생장량(12.34±0.73㎝)을 나타냈으며 근원경 생장은 약도(1.0g/ℓ)의 시비구에서 가장 높은 생장량(5.77±0.20㎜)을 나타냈다. 묘목의 품질을 평가하는 종합적 지수인 묘목품질지수(SQI)는 약도(1.0g/ℓ)의 시비구에서 2.05±0.07로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 중도(2.0g/ ℓ)의 시비처리구에서는 1.90±0.09의 값을 보였다. 전체 엽록소 함량은 시비 농도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였고 강도(3.0g/ℓ)의 시비구에 서 22.50±0.28㎎/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 단수처리에 따른 시비구별 소나무 묘목의 아브시스산 함량은 엽 피해가 발생한 강도(3.0g/ℓ)의 시비구를 제외하면 중도(2.0g/ℓ)의 시비구에서 2,190.85ng/g로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 전체 엽록소 함량은 중도(2.0g/ℓ)의 시비구에서 건조스트레스에 따른 엽록소의 파괴가 거의 없이, 단수처리 기간 동안 꾸준히 가장 높은 엽록소 함량 값(21.20±0.20㎎/g)을 나타냈다. 공시 수종인 소나무는 중도(2.0g/ℓ) 의 시비구에서 건조스트레스에 따른 아브시스산의 함량이 가장 적고, 엽록소의 함량은 가장 높게 나타나 소나무의 내건성 증진을 위한 적정 시비수준 은 중도(2.0g/ℓ)라고 판단된다.

본 연구는 편백나무 2-0 용기묘를 대상으로 시비처리에 따른 생장변화와 시비처리 후 단수처리에 따른 내건성 측정을 통해 내건성 증진을 위한 적정시비 방안을 수립하여 건강한 묘목 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 시비처리에 따른 편백나무 묘목은 약도(1.0 g/L) 시비구에서 묘고 생장량(26.96±0.87 cm)을 나타냈으며, 근원경 생장은 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 가장 높은 생장량(4.76±0.18 mm)을 나타내어 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.0001). 묘목품질지수(SQI)는 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 0.83으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 전체 엽록소 함량은 약도(1.0 g/L) 의 시비구에서 16.19 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 단수처리에 따른 시비구별 편백나무 묘목의 ABA 함량은 과시비로 인해 엽 피해가 발생하여 생육이 건전하지 못한 강도(3.0 g/L)의 시비구를 제외하면 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 가장 낮은 ABA 함량 값(3671.70 ng/g)을 나타냈고, 전체 엽록소 함량은 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 건조스트레스에 따른 엽록소의 파괴가 적어 가장 높은 엽록소 함량 값(15.12 mg/g)을 나타냈다. 따라서 편백나무는 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 건조스트레스에 따른 ABA의 함량이 가장 적고, 엽록소의 함량은 가장 높게 나타나 편백나무의 내건성 증진을 위한 적정 시비수준은 중도(2.0 g/L)라고 판단된다.

K+ channels are involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions, including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, in mammalian cells. Our previous study demonstrated that the blockage of K+ channels inhibits mouse early embryonic development. This study was designed to identify the effect of K+ channels during bovine embryonic development. K+ channel blockers (tetraethylammonium (TEA), BaCl2, quinine, ruthenium red and fluoxetine) were added to the culture medium during in vitro fertilization (IVF) for 6 h to first identify the short-term effect of these chemicals. Among K+ channel blockers, fluoxetine, which is used as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate by approximately 6% when compared to control. During the in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes and the in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos, the oocytes and embryos were exposed to fluoxetine for either a short-term (6 h) or a long-term (24 h) to compare the embryonic development in response to exposure time. The 6 h exposure to fluoxetine during IVM did not affect the blastocyst formation rate, but the rate of blastocyst formation was reduced after the 24 h exposure. On the other hand, embryonic development increased approximately 10% in both groups of embryos exposed to fluoxetine for 6 and 24 h during IVC. Taken together, fluoxetine treatment during IVF and IVC, but not IVM, enhances bovine embryonic development. These results suggest that fluoxetine-modulated signals in oocytes and embryos could be an important factor towards enhancing bovine embryonic development.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of periods of sperm preincubation, concentrations and storage periods of miniature pig sperm on in vitro penetration of porcine follicular oocytes. High concentration (1×105, 2.5×105, 5×105, 1×106, 5×106 and 1×107) did support sperm penetration than low concentrations (P<0.05). However, polyspermic oocyte rates were increased with high concentrations of sperm. On the other hand, sperm preincubated during 1, 2 or 5h could be penetrated than sperm preincubated during 0, 3 or 4h (P<0.05). When sperm were storaged with different periods, in vitro pentration rates were significantly higher 0～2 days than 3～4 days of sperm storage (p<0.05). These results indicate that sperm treatment factors can effect in vitro penetration in miniature pig.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of cumulus cell attachment and various factors on in vitro maturation of pig foflicular oocytes. Oocytes with various configuration of cumulus cell mass were collected ftom ovaries of mature gilts by asperating with syringe equipped with needles of different gauges, follicle size and with or without cumulus cells. They were cultured in TCM-199 mediun containing FGS(fetal calf serum) for 30~48 hours in incubator with air containing 5% at 38.5. Mter orcein staining at in vitro maturation condition, GV, GVBD, anaphase, telophase and M II were observed. Results are surumarized as follows: 1. Recovery rates were 55.8, 55.5 and 34.4% when the cumulus-compacted oocytes were collected with 18, 21, 26 gauge needles of syringes, respectively. 2. 79% of oocytes with compacted cumulus cells were at GV stage and most of the oocytes with partially denuded and denuded cumulus cells were from GVBD to M- II stages. 3. Percentage of mature oocytes among those which are follicular diameter of 1~2, 3~6 and over 6 mm was 42.6, 53.2 and 60.8%, respectively. 4. Percentage of mature oocytes among those which are compacted, partially denuded and denuded was 60.5, 46.2 and 35.4% respectively. 5. Percentage of mature oocytes in co-cultured with monolayers of cumulus cells was higher (57.1%) than that found with oocytes cultured alone (53.4%).

This experiment was carried out to study the determination of survival of vitrified and thawed mammal follicular oocytes by FDA-test. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups according to attachment of cumulus cell. Group A oocytes were tightly surrounded by cumulus cell, group B oocytes were partially surrounded by cumulus cell, and group C oocytes were poorly surrounded by cumulus cell. Vitrification solution developed by our previous study (Kim et al, 1992) which consisted of permeable agent (20 % glycerol + 10 % ethylene glycol) and nonpermeable agent (30 % Ficoll + 10 % sucrose). Oocytes (7~10) loaded into 0.25 ml straw after 10 min equilibration were plunged into liquid nitrogen (- 196) directly. The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group A oocytes was higher in rat (4.2) than in rabbit (3.9), cow (3.8), mouse (3.4) and porcine (2.4), however that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (4.7) than in rat (4.1), cow (2.9), porcine (2.6) and mouse (1.4). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group B oocytes were 3.1 (cow), 2.9 (rabbit), 2.9 (mouse), 2.6 (rat) and 2.5 (porcine), respectively. However that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (3.7) than in porcine (2.6), rat (2.3), cow (1.7) and mouse (0.3). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group C oocytes was higher in mouse (4.1) than in cow (2.9), rabbit (2.6), rat (1.3) and porcine (1.1). As shown in the above results, The survival rates of oocytes were higher in group A than in group B and C except in mouse and cow. These results suggest that the survival of cumulus cell as well as follicular oocytes can be reliably judged by their fluorescence with FDA-test.

This research was conducted to investigate the interrelationship among methods of injection of PMSG-hCG to the number of ovulated eggs, percentage of matured oocytes and in vitro fertilization using out-bred ICR mice. The results obtained are as follows, 1) The optimurn dose was 5 IU for both PMSG and hCG, while the number of ovulated eggs was 428, percentage of M II was 73% and in vitro fertilization rate was 81 %. 2) The optimum injection interval of PMSG-hCG was 48 hours, while the number of ovulated eggs was 48 8, percentage of M II was 80% and in vitro fertilization rate was 81%. 3) The optimum time for collecting eggs was between 16 and 18 hours after hCG injection, while the numbers of ovulated eggs were 448, 427 and 437 in 14,16 and 18 hours after hCG injection respectively, and percentages of M II were 79 and 81 %, and in vitro fertilization rates were 81 and 80% in 16 and 18 hours after hCG injection, respectively. 4) The repeat of superovulation decreased with the number of ovulated eggs, percentage of M II and in vitro fertilization rate, than in control. But it was recovered by increasing the repeat interval.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 100 and 200kg/ha) and formaldehyde (0.4,0.8 and 1.2%: w/w CM) on the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) yield and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of

Recent years, there is increasing demand for seedlings of Daphniphyllum macropodum. However, the bare-root nursery of the species has been reported to be challenging due to meteorological disasters caused by climate change. The study aims to investigate the appropriate levels of shade and fertilization of container-grown D. macropodum, which has shade tolerance in seedling stage. The shading treatment was regulated with the shading level of full sun, and 35%, 55%, 75% of full sun. The fertilizing level was made by regulating Multifeed 19 (N:P:K =19:19:19, v/v) with 1000mg·L-¹, 2000mg·L-¹, 3000mg·L-¹, together with the control. The height was indicated to be the highest in 3000mg·L-¹ under 55% of shading. The root collar diameter was surveyed to be the highest in 1000mg·L-¹ and 3000mg·L-¹ of full sun. A case of the whole dry mass production was surveyed to be the highest in 3000mg·L-¹ under 55% of shading and 2000mg·L-¹ under 35% of shading. Moreover, the study is to explore the possibility of production and sound growth of D. macropodum seedlings by container nursery; consequently, the result is expected to provide the production method of the seedlings of D. macropodum that is to overcome meteorological disasters from bare-root nursery.

세포질내 정자주입술은 불임치료에 도입된 이후 남성불임 극복에 성공적으로 이용되고 있다. 세포질내 정자주입술 시행 후 수정률, 난할률과 발생된 배아의 상태는 여러 가지 요인에 의해 영향을 받으며, 난자의 상태에 따라 영향을 받는 지에 대해서 아직까지는 논란이 많다. 본 연구에서는 세포질내 정자주입술의 결과가 난자의 상태에 따라 영향을 받는지를 알아보기 위하여 세포질내 정자주입술을 시행한 44례에서 전과정을 현미경에 부착된 CCD 카메라를 통하여 녹화하였다