To control western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), a significant pest of peppers, the control effects of eco-friendly agricultural materials were tested when treated alone and in combination. The control effects of yellow sticky roll traps installed on the stem, predatory natural enemy (Hypoaspis miles) inoculated on the stem, and plant extracts (50% custard apple seed oil + 10% cinnamon extract) sprayed on the foliage were 45.3%, 36.6%, and 50.2%, respectively, when treated individually. Meanwhile, when three eco-friendly agricultural materials were comprehensively applied, the control effect was maintained between 62.4% and 80.9% compared to untreated conditions during the pepper harvesting season. These methods can be utilized for the eco-friendly control of western flower thrips in pepper greenhouses.

Major pests of greenhouse strawberry include Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causing significant damage in both yield and quality. We compared control efficacy of two entomopathogenic fungus strains of Beauveria bassiana, AAD16 and GHA, against T. kanzawai and B. tabaci. Both fungus were applied as a foliar spray targeting the undersides of leaves. In preliminary studies in the laboratory, adult T. kanzawai and B. tabaci showed lower LT50 values when treated with AAD16 strain compared to GHA. In the greenhouse, the densities of the both mites (adult and nymph) and whiteflies (adult) were significantly reduced with the application of the two fungus strains compared to the control. The mycosis rate was 88-94% in T. kanzawai and 48-59% in B. tabaci on collected leaves. These findings suggest that Beauveria bassiana AAD16 can be an effective mycoinsecticide against both T. kanzawai and B. tabaci.

The series compounds from natural products are an effective repellent and deterrent against various kinds of pests. In this study, we evaluated the spatial repellency of fifteen compounds from natural products on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), in the laboratory and field by using two-choice and no-choice bioassays. In laboratory two-choice tests, six compounds displayed active spatial repellency against female adult mites at a 2mg dose. The repellency of each compound was also as effective as the 6-compound blend. Three of the six compounds showed the predominant repellent activity (over 90%) that lasted for at least 3 days in laboratory no-choice tests. In a field test, we found that the number of T. urticae was fewer in strawberry seeding treated lure with 2mg of these compounds than in strawberry seeding treated lure with solvent control. Given that the findings are efficacious, economical, and natural products, they can be used in the sustainable management of T. urticae in greenhouse.

시설 고추 주요 해충인 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)의 방제를 위해 유기농업자재들의 단독 처리 및 종합 투입시 방제 효과를 검정 하였다. 황색끈끈이롤트랩은 지제부에 설치하고, 포식성 천적(Hypoaspis miles)은 지제부에 접종하며, 식물추출물(커스터드애플시드 오일 50% + 계 피 추출물 10%)은 경엽살포하는 방식으로써 각각의 단독 처리시 방제 효과는 45.3, 36.6, 50.2%였다. 한편, 3종의 유기농업자재들을 종합 투입했을 경우 고추 수확기 방제 효과가 무처리 대비 62.4~80.9%로 유지되어, 시설 고추 꽃노랑총채벌레 친환경 방제용으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Southern root-knot nematode (SRKN, Meloidogyne incognita) is known to be responsible for annual economic losses of 38.2 million USD in cucumber cultivation in Korea. Nematicides are frequently used to manage SRKN in plastic greenhouses. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of a soil fumigant (dimethyl disulfide, DMDS) and a non-fumigant (fluopyram, FL) against SRKN during the winter fallow season in a greenhouse from October to December. Nematicidal efficacy was assessed at 43 days after treatment, and the root gall index was measured 4 months after transplanting cucumber seedlings. DMDS effectively reduced second-stage SRKN juvenile density with 91% control efficacy, while FL showed no control efficacy against SRKN. Root gall index values were significantly different (p=0.020) in DMDS treatment and controls at 1.0±0.00 and 4.3±0.58, respectively. This study showed that DMDS could be considered an effective nematicide for controlling SRKN in the fallow period in winter.

총채벌레는 우리나라에 60여 종이 알려져 있으며 다양한 시설작물에서 직접적인 섭식 피해 이외에 토마토반점위조바이러스(TSWV)를 매 개하는 간접적인 피해도 유발한다. 그동안 총채벌레 방제는 살충제에 의존해 왔는데, 이는 농업환경에 많은 부작용을 유발하고 해충의 저항성을 유발시켜 더욱 방제를 어렵게 하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 대안으로 내성 회피를 위한 물질을 탐색하였다. 실내검정으로 약용작물 67종의 추출물을 꽃노랑총채벌레 성충에 처리하여 가장 효과가 우수한 목단피를 선발하였다. 목단피 추출물을 처리 후 1일차에 100%의 살충효 과를 보였다. 또한, 목화진딧물은 3일차 83%, 복숭아혹진딧물 3일차 97%, 점박이응애 1일차 100%의 살충효과를 보였다. 고추 포트 검정에서 꽃노랑총채벌레 방제가는 1일차 77.6%, 2일차 40%의 효과가 나타났다. 현재 추가적으로 효과를 증대시킬 수 있는 물질을 탐색하고 있으며, 총 채벌레 방제에 본 추출물을 활용한다면 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

This study aimed to develop a new eco-friendly control method of B. tabaci using a trap plant treated with systemic insecticide. Due to high preference, tobacco plant was selected as a trap plant among solanaceous plants. Out of all 6 systemic insecticides, dinotefuran WG showed the highest mortality (> 97.3 %) against B. tabaci. The concentrations of dinotefuran in tobacco leaves after systemic treatment showed the sharp increase in the pesticide from 2 hrs until 48 hrs (2 d) and steady increase over 35 d. The mortality of B. tabaci in tobacco leaves was about 80% at 9 hrs after treatment and over 90% at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 35 d after treatment. The number of B. tabaci was counted every week after dinotefuran-treated tobacco pots were placed in the tomato greenhouse cultivation. The density of the insects with 3 tobacco plants was app. 75% lower than the control (w/o tobacco plant).

Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a major pest on strawberry, reducing both the quality and quantity of fruit production. We compared the virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin ARP14 with a commercial GHA strain against T. kanzawai. In the laboratory, leaf dipping method was conducted while a one-time spray was carried out on selected planting units in strawberry greenhouse with each fungus strain and Triton X-100 as control. Adult T. kanzawai showed lower LT50 when treated with ARP14 strain compared to GHA in the laboratory. The densities of both adult and nymph mites in the greenhouse were significantly reduced in the treatment of two fungus strains compared to the control. The mycosis rate of T. kanzawai in greenhouse was 97.9% at 14 days when treated with ARP14 strain while it was 85.5% when treated with GHA strain. The results suggest that B. bassiana ARP14 can be an effective mycoinsecticide against T. kanzawai.

Pest control treatment was carried out using an unmanned automatic pesticide spraying system that can spray pesticides on crops while moving autonomously to control pests in vegetable greenhouse. As a result of examining the control effect on tomato and strawberry on thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) pests, 85.6% of yellow flower thrips were found in tomatoes and 87.5% in strawberries, and 81.7% (tomato) and 80.6% (strawberry) of greenhouse whitefly. In addition, the control effect according to the pesticide treatment method showed a control effect of 81.7% of the chemical spraying treatment by manpower and 83.9% of the automatic moving pesticide spraying treatment (F=22.1, p < 0.001). When comparing the control effect between the two treatment sections, there was no significance, but the automatic transfer spraying treatment showed a 2.2% higher effect. On the other hand, as a result of comparing the spraying time of the drug, the automatic unmanned control sprayer had a spraying time of 5 min/10a, which took about 25 min less than the conventional manpower spraying time of 25－30 min/10a. Based on these results, it was judged that the automatic transfer spraying method could be usefully used for efficient pest control in the facility greenhouse during the peak period of development.

담배가루이 방제는 대부분 화학적 방제에 의존하므로 약제저항성 증가가 야기되므로, 트랩식물을 이용한 대체 방제법 개발을 위해 허브식물들에 대한 담배가루이의 기주 선호성을 조사하였다. 완주군에 있는 국립원예특작과 학원 내 토마토온실에서 실험을 진행하였으며, 허브 식물로 레몬밤, 초코민트, 로즈제라늄, 애플제라늄을 지면으로부터 50 cm와 작물 상단부의 30 cm 위치에 각각 설치하여 담배가루이 밀도를 조사하였다. 허브식물의 설치 위치별 담배가루이 밀도를 각각 조사한 결과 레몬밤이 설치된 곳에서 높았으며 로즈제라늄과 애플제라늄은 오히려 기피하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 유인제, 기피제 및 트랩 식물을 포함한 허브 식물을 사용하는 담배가루이의 대체 방제법 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

ETc 손실을 보상하는데 필요한 물의 양을 작물 용수 요구량(Crop water requirement, CWR)로 정의되며, ETc 평가는 작물 필요 요구량을 정확하게 정량화하는 데 필요하며, 물 균형 계산에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 토마토와 파프 리카의 실제 관수 요구량(Actual crop water, ACW)이 적절한 CWR인지 평가하였다. 토마토와 파프리카 재배에 적정한 AWC 예측 및 추정을 위하여 온실 내부 환경데이터를 Penman-Monteith을 이용하여 기준 작물 증발산(ET)을 계산한 후, 기준 증발산은 작물 상수(Kc;토마토-1.15, 파프리카-1.05)계수로 조정하였다. 토마토와 파프리카의 CWR과 ACW를 계산하여 비교 평가한 결과 ACW가 CWR을 대체할 수 있지만 파프리카의 ACW는 필요 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, 토마토의 ACW는 1일 100 ~ 1,200 ml이고, 파프리카의 ACW는 1일 100 ~ 500 ml가 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 스마트 온실에서 ETc의 정밀도를 높이려면, ETc가 CWR로 변환되고 ACW와 비교하기 위해서 클래스 A팬 설정이 필요하다. 향후 실시간으로 CWR을 측정하기 위한 시뮬레이션 프로그램 연구가 필요하다.

This study was conducted to provide a basis for raising farm income by increasing the yield and extending the cultivation period by creating an environment where crops can be cultivated normally during high temperatures in summer. The maximum cooling load of the multi-span greenhouse with a floor area of 504 m2 was found to be 462,609 W, and keeping the greenhouse under 32°C without shading the greenhouse at a high temperature, it was necessary to fog spray 471.6 L of water per hour. The automatic fog cooling control device was developed to effectively control the fog device, the flow fan, and the light blocking device constituting the fog cooling system. The fog cooling system showed that the temperature of the greenhouse could be lowered by 6°C than the outside temperature. The relative humidity of the fog-cooled greenhouse was 40-80% during the day, about 20% higher than that of the control greenhouse, and this increase in relative humidity contributed to the growth of cucumbers. The relative humidity of the fog cooling greenhouse during the day was 40-80%, which was about 20% higher than that of the control greenhouse, and this increase in relative humidity contributed to the growth of cucumbers. The yield of cucumbers in the fog-cooled greenhouse was 1.8 times higher in the single-span greenhouse and two times higher in the multi-span greenhouse compared to the control greenhouse.