본 연구는 급속하게 성장하는 시설농업과 동시에 증가하는 에너지 사용량 및 탄소배출량을 저감하기 위해, 온실의 에너 지 부하를 동적으로 분석하기 위한 작물에너지의 다중 회귀 모델 개발을 수행하였다. 온실은 연중 안정적인 대량 생산을 위한 적절한 환경을 조성하기 위해 에너지 투입이 필요하다. 도시농업의 일종인 옥상온실 플랫폼을 통해 건물에서 버려지 거나 활용되지 않는 에너지를 옥상온실에서 사용할 수 있다. 옥상온실의 효율적인 운영을 위해서는 다양한 환경 조건에 대 한 동적 에너지 분석이 선행되어야 하며, 온실에 도입되는 태 양 에너지의 40－75%가 작물을 위한 에너지 교환이므로 필수적으로 고려되어야 한다. 한국기계연구원 내 옥상온실에서 여름철에 청경채를 재배하며 생장단계에 따른 에너지 교환을 분석하였다. 작물을 중심으로 미기상 및 양액 환경 분석과 생 장 특성 조사를 수행하였다. 정식일수에 따른 엽면적지수를 추정하였으며, 개발된 수식은 결정계수 0.99로 분석되었다. 또한 작물에너지 흐름에 지배적인 잎 표면온도로부터의 현열 부하와 증발산에 의한 잠열부하로 나누어 모델을 개발하였다. 엽온과 증발산량을 각각 다중 회귀모델을 이용하여 추정하고 실측한 값을 비교해 보았을 때, 평균 결정계수 0.95, 0.71로 분 석되었으며, 이 모델을 이용하여 옥상온실의 에너지 부하를 동적으로 산정하기 위한 모델에 입력값으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Pest control treatment was carried out using an unmanned automatic pesticide spraying system that can spray pesticides on crops while moving autonomously to control pests in vegetable greenhouse. As a result of examining the control effect on tomato and strawberry on thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) pests, 85.6% of yellow flower thrips were found in tomatoes and 87.5% in strawberries, and 81.7% (tomato) and 80.6% (strawberry) of greenhouse whitefly. In addition, the control effect according to the pesticide treatment method showed a control effect of 81.7% of the chemical spraying treatment by manpower and 83.9% of the automatic moving pesticide spraying treatment (F=22.1, p < 0.001). When comparing the control effect between the two treatment sections, there was no significance, but the automatic transfer spraying treatment showed a 2.2% higher effect. On the other hand, as a result of comparing the spraying time of the drug, the automatic unmanned control sprayer had a spraying time of 5 min/10a, which took about 25 min less than the conventional manpower spraying time of 25－30 min/10a. Based on these results, it was judged that the automatic transfer spraying method could be usefully used for efficient pest control in the facility greenhouse during the peak period of development.

양어 및 수경재배 시설의 효율적 이용가능성을 검사하고 이의 효율적인 결합기술을 확립하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 양어ㆍ수경병용온실에서의 미기상 환경 특성과 그 환경에서의 작물의 생육 반응을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 평균체중 428.6g의 틸라피아 성어는 147일간에 1.83배로 성장하였고, 평균 체중 12.9g의 치어는 61일 동안 1.37배의 성장율을 보여 정상적으로 성장하였다. 2. 미나리, 상추, 배추 및 실파 공히 수경재배구에서 보다 양어ㆍ수경병용구에서 초장, 생체중 등의 생육이 양호하였다. 3. 두 처리구에서 양액의 pH및 EC의 차이는 크지 않았으나 양액 온도는 양어ㆍ수경병용구에서 약 2℃가 높았다. 4. 일중의 온도 및 습도변화양상은 평균온도가 각각 23.8℃ 및 20.9℃로서 양어ㆍ수경병용구에서 약 2.9℃ 더 높았고 상대습도는 약 6%높았다. 3. CO2 농도는 양어ㆍ수경병용구에서 약 200ppm 정도 높았다. 6. 수경재배구보다 양어ㆍ수경병용구에서 잎의 순동화율이 다소 높았다. 그러므로 동일한 시설공간내에 수경재배와 양어를 병행한다면 난방비의 절감효과 뿐만 아니라 양어와 엽채류의 성장에도 상호보완적인 가중효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic vegetable cultivation on the soil physical properties in 33 farmlands under plastic greenhouse in Korea. We were investigated 5~8 farms per organic vegetable crops during the period from August to November 2014. The main cultivated vegetables were leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens var. Japonica Hara), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). We have analyzed soil physical properties. The measured soil physical parameters were soil plough layer, soil hardness, penetration resistance, three soil phase, bulk density and Porosity. The measurement of the soil plough layer, soil hardness and penetration resistance were carried out direct in the fields, and the samples for other parameters were taken using the soil core method with approximately 20 mm diameter core collected from each organic vegetable field. Soil plough layer was average 36 cm and ranged between 30 and 50 cm, and slightly different depending on the sorts of vegetable cultivation. The soil hardness was 0.17±0.15~1.34±1.02 in the topsoil, 0.55±0.34~1.15±0.62 in the subsoil. It was not different between topsoil and subsoil, but showed a statistically significant difference between the leafy and fruit vegetables. Penetrometer resistance is one of the important soil physical properties that can determine both root elongation and yield. The increase in density under leafy vegetables resulted in a higher soil penetrometer resistance. Soil is a three-component system comprised of solid, liquid, and gas phases distributed in a complex geometry that creates large solidliquid, liquid-gas, and gas-solid interfacial areas. The three soil phases were dynamicand typically changed in organic vegetable soils under greenhouse. Porosity was characterized as range of 54.2±2.2~60.3±2.4%. Most measured soils have bulk densities between 1.0 and 1.6 g cm-3. To summarize the above results, Soil plough layer has been deepened in organic vegetable cultivation soils. Solid hardness (the hardness of the soil) and bulk density (suitable for the soil unit mass) have been lowered. Porosity (soil spatial content) was high such as a well known in organic farmlands. Important changes were observed in the physical properties according to the different vegetable cultivation. We have demonstrated that the physical properties of organic cultivated soils under plastic greenhouse were improved in the results of this study.

The purpose of the study is to investigate factors influencing the adoption of environment-friendly agriculture in greenhouse vegetable production of Jeonnam province. An interview survey were conducted during 2008, including six counties: Gwansanku of Gwangju, Gwangyang, Goheung, Damyang, Boseong, and Suncheon. Major crops grown in surveyed area were green peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, cherry tomatoes, tomatoes, and watermelons. Logit model results show that adopters of environment-friendly agriculture are more likely to participate in extensional education programs, attend educational programs on environment-friendly agriculture, have greater cultivated acreage, and have larger agriculture-only-designated farmland. However the adopters are less likely to have greater number of family members participating in farming, and live Goheung county. Efforts should be made in extensional education programs to lead more vegetable growers to adopt environment-friendly agriculture. Policy makers’ additional efforts should be followed to increase adoption rate of environment-friendly agriculture in lower adopted areas.