본 연구는 세계적으로 기호용 대마초 사용이 비범죄화되는 나라가 늘어나고, 한국 에서도 대마초 사용의 합법화를 요구하는 현 상황에서 대마초 사용자들이 어떤 과정 을 통해 강성 마약으로 진입하는지를 분석한 사례 연구이다. 대마초 사용에서 강성 마 약으로 이전한 경험이 있는 마약류 중독자들의 대마초 사용 과정과 내용 그리고 강성 마약으로 이전하게 된 과정과 맥락 등을 규명하고, 이에 근거하여 대마초 사용자들이 강성 마약으로 진입하는 것을 차단하고자 하는 목적에서 수행되었다. 연구에 참여자 는 대마초 사용에서 강성마약류로 입문한 경험이 있는 13명으로 이들은 마약류 중독 에서 회복되어 단약을 유지하고 있는 회복자들이다. 자료수집은 연구 참여자를 1대1 심층 면담을 통해 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 22개의 개별주제 압축하여 이를 9개 의 주제 범주로 구성하였다. 자료 분석의 분석 단위는 강성 마약 사용 계기와 강성 마약 사용의 강화 유지로 나 누어, 개인적 조건과 환경적 조건으로 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 강성 마약 사용 계기의 개인적 조건으로는 쾌락의 상승 욕구, 마약 사용 집단에서의 지위 향상, 마약 경각심 실종으로 나타났으며, 환경적 조건으로는 마약 시장의 덫에 빠짐, 치료 시스템의 부 재, 낙인에 대한 반동적 저항과 도피로 나타났다. 강성 마약 사용의 강화 유지의 개인 적 조건으로는 쾌락의 노예화, 체념의 학습과 내재화로 나타났으며, 환경적 조건에는 마약 사용과 밀매자의 이중 지위로 나타났다. 연구 결과에 근거하여 대마초 사용 사범 이 강성 마약으로 진입하지 않고 회복할 수 있도록 법무부 교정 차원에서 교정 처우와 중독 치료에 대해 구체적인 제언 하였다.

지속적인 기후변화로 인해 매개 곤충을 통한 다양한 신종감염병이 국제적으로 확산되고 있으며, 발생빈도 또한 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 매개질병을 관리하기 위해서는 질병을 매개하는 매개체에 대한 정보와 지속적 인 모니터링이 필요하다. 이 연구는 제3급 법정 감염병으로 지정된 중증열성혈소판감소증후근(Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, SFTS) 및 라임병(Lyme disease) 등의 매개체로 알려져 있는 참진드기를 대상으로 충남 당진 일대에서 2018년부터 2023년까지 총 6년, 4월-11월의 기간동안 월 1회 4개의 환경(무덤, 산길, 잡목림, 초지)에서 드라이아이스 유인트랩을 사용하여 발생밀도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 2018년 16,996마리, 2019년 16,698마리, 2020년 6,417마리, 2021년 7,380마리, 2022년 3,451마리, 2023년 3,465마리로, 총 54,407마리가 채집되 었으며, 초지에서 가장 많이 채집되었다. 채집된 참진드기는 2속 3종으로 작은소피참진드기(Haemaphysalis longicornis), 개피참진드기(H. flava), 일본참진드기(Ixodes nipponensis)이며, 작은소피참진드기 (H. longicornis) 가 42,489마리(78.09%)로 높은 우점도를 보였으며, SFTS 보유 여부를 확인하기 위해 RNA 추출 및 Nested RT-PCR 단계를 걸쳐 전기영동을 수행하였으나 양성 검체는 0건으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 SFTS의 주요 매개 체인 참진드기 발생 양상 파악 및 매개 질병 관리 전략 수립에 기초 자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

A tick survey was conducted to monitor ticks using tick traps attached dry ice method at each four sites in Ulju and Gimhae counties, Gyeongsangnam-do from April to November, 2023. Two species belonging to one genera were collected with tick traps. A total of 1,064 ticks were collected as Haemaphysalis longicornis (Trap Index; TI 11.0), Haemaphysalis flava (TI <0.1) in Ulju and A total of 843 ticks were collected as Haemaphysalis longicornis (Trap Index; TI 8.7), Haemaphysalis flava (TI 0.1) in Gimhae 2023. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently collected, representing 99.2% in Ulju, 98.9% in Gimhae. In the collection environments, a total number of 685, 268, 64, and 47 ticks were collected from a glassland, a copse, a mountain path, and a grave of Ulju a total number of 469, 216, 83, and 75 ticks were collected from a glassland, a copse, a Grave, and a mountain path of Gimhae respectively. In the results of the isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) from the ticks, no pathogens were detected from RNA of 101 pools (Ulju), 98 pools (Gimhae) of the ticks using a Polymerase Chain Reaction method in 2023.

On the international political stage of the 21st century, the strategic rivalry between China and the United States is one of the most captivating focal points. As two major global powers, China and the United States, their competition and cooperation across multiple domains have profound implications for the global political and economic landscape. The historical evolution of Sino-U.S. relations provides us with key insights into the understanding of the current strategic rivalry. Within the realm of hard power, the economic and technological rivalry between China and the United States is intensifying, engendering notable frictions within areas such as economics and technology. These frictions reverberate through their interactions, influencing their positions and interests on the global stage. However, the role of soft power in the context of Sino-American relations cannot be understated. The United States has persistently exported its values of democracy and freedom, whereas China emphasizes the principles of peaceful development and shared prosperity. The strategic rivalry between China and the United States is an intricate, multifaceted issue that poses significant challenges. To effectively address this complexity, China must employ a comprehensive array of strategies and measures to ensure its enduring stability and sustained development in the ever-evolving global landscape.

SFTS(Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome)는 참진드기에 의해 전파되며 한국에서는 제3급 법정 감 염병으로 지정되어 있다. SFTS 감염 시 치사율이 높은 편이며, 현재까지도 백신과 치료제가 없다. 이러한 참진드 기의 발생 및 분포 조사와 SFTS 감염 여부를 확인하기 위해 2023년 4월부터 8월까지 김천시와 군위군 4곳의 환경 (무덤, 산길, 잡목림, 초지)에서 Dry ice trap으로 채집을 진행하였다. 김천시에서는 총 1,444마리의 참진드기가 채집되었으며, 잡목림에서 571마리(39.5%)로 가장 많이 채집되었다. 군위군에서는 총 3,914마리가 채집되었으 며, 무덤에서 2,701마리(69.0%)로 가장 많이 채집되었다. 참진드기의 종별 분포를 조사한 결과, 외형 동정이 어려 운 유충을 제외하고 김천시에서는 Haemaphysalis longicornis가 1,160마리(99.3%)로 가장 많이 채집되었고, 군위 군에서는 Haemaphysalis longicornis가 1,414마리(98.6%)로 역시 가장 많이 채집되었다. 채집된 참진드기의 SFTS 보유 여부를 확인하기 위하여 Nested PCR을 이용해 조사한 결과, SFTS를 보유한 참진드기는 발견되지 않았다. 본 조사에서는 SFTS에 감염된 참진드기 개체가 발견되지 않았지만, SFTS에 감염된 환자가 2016년부터 매년 160명 이상 발생하고 있으므로 체계적인 감시와 조사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Recently, the necessity of designing and applying tool materials that perform machining of difficult-to-cut materials in a cryogenic treatment where demand is increasing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of cryogenically treated WC-5 wt% NbC hard materials fabricated by a pulsed current activated sintering process. The densely consolidated specimens are cryogenically exposed to liquid nitrogen for 6, 12, and 24 h. All cryogenically treated samples exhibit compressive stress in the sintered body compared with the untreated sample. Furthermore, a change in the lattice constant leads to compressive stress in the specimens, which improves their mechanical performance. The cryogenically treated samples exhibit significant improvement in mechanical properties, with a 10.5 % increase in Vickers hardness and a 60 % decrease in the rupture strength compared with the untreated samples. However, deep cryogenic treatment of over 24 h deteriorates the mechanical properties indicating that excessive treatment causes tensile stress in the specimens. Therefore, the cryogenic treatment time should be controlled precisely to obtain mechanically enhanced hard materials.

Mucosal malignant melanoma is an uncommon tumor of the head and neck, and patient cannot easily recognize the lesion. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced lesions, and the 5-year survival rate is very low. Therefore, intraoral pigmented lesions require an incisional biopsy for differential diagnosis from malignant melanoma. As the size of the tumor increases, lesion showing vertical growth and lymph node metastasis increases, and the prognosis becomes poor. In this study, we report a case of mucosal malignant melanoma in the oral cavity that shows radial growth and no lymph node metastasis despite its relatively large size.

Many countries are developing various mechanical cutting technologies to dismantle nuclear facility. However, most of mechanical cutting technologies have a problem like the degradation of tool life due to the Hard-Machining materials. To solve this problem, lab-scale test was performed with a Plasma Assisted Machining (PAM) technology and 25 mm of thickness Inconel 600 plate. Commonly, the strength of metals decreases by exposure at high temperature. And, previous study reported that strength of Inconel 600 is degraded above 500°C. This softening effect was applied to Inconel 600 cutting test. The optimal conditions such as the plasma torch power and the feed rate were determined by this study. As a result, the surface temperature of Inconel 600 was reached up to 500°C under the conditions which is 8.4 kW of plasma torch power and 150–250 mm·min−1 of feed rate. And it was confirmed that the tool life was improved under the conditions. In order to apply PAM for various Hard- Machining materials, it is necessary to investigate the softening temperature of Hard-Machining materials, the plasma torch power and feed rate.

Using I-band images of 35 nearby (z < 0.1) type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) obtained with Hubble Space Telescope, selected from the 70-month Swift-BAT X-ray source catalog, we investigate the photometric properties of the host galaxies. With a careful treatment of the point-spread function (PSF) model and imaging decomposition, we robustly measure the I-band brightness and the effective radius of bulges in our sample. Along with black hole (BH) mass estimates from single-epoch spectroscopic data, we present the relation between BH mass and I-band bulge luminosity (MBH–MI,bul relation) of our sample AGNs. We find that our sample lies offset from the MBH–MI,bul relation of inactive galaxies by 0.4 dex, i.e., at a given bulge luminosity, the BH mass of our sample is systematically smaller than that of inactive galaxies. We also demonstrate that the zero point offset in the MBH–MI,bul relation with respect to inactive galaxies is correlated with the Eddington ratio. Based on the Kormendy relation, we find that the mean surface brightness of ellipticals and classical bulges in our sample is comparable to that of normal galaxies, revealing that bulge brightness is not enhanced in our sample. As a result, we conclude that the deviation in the MBH–MI,bul relation from inactive galaxies is possibly because the scaling factor in the virial BH mass estimator depends on the Eddington ratio.

In order to find out the management and sanitation status of protective gear provided at the construction site, a case study and survey were conducted by visiting the site. As a result of the case study, inspection and management, disinfection, and storage of protective equipment were insufficient in both workplaces with less than 50 employees and workplaces with more than 100 employees. As a result of the survey, workers(66.2%), said they did not know how to identify hard hats(67.6.%), how to identify bad hard hats(60.8%), and how to identify bad safety belts (73.0%), even though workers(66.2%) were educated on protective gear, and those in charge of protective gear Non-specified(56.8%), regular inspection of the provided protective equipment was not performed(82.4%), and disinfection was not performed(90.5%). Therefore, as a management plan to maintain the performance of personal protective equipment, educational aspects, regular training on protective equipment, training on how to identify defective protective equipment, management of recording papers, technical aspects, strengthening of standards for placement of dedicated safety managers in small workplaces, participation of workers’ representatives when selecting protective equipment, and selection of protective equipment for workers Providing opportunities, administrative aspects of protective equipment regulation and management, introduction of sanitary and cleanliness system, and selection of personnel in charge of protective equipment management were suggested.

Activated non-graphitizable hard carbon using orange peel with mesoporous structure has been prepared by pyrolyzation at 700, 800, 900 °C using chemical activation method. The activated orange peel-derived hard carbon has been characterized for its mesoporous and disordered structure. TG-DSC gives the information for the changes about sample composition and thermal stability of the materials. Increasing the carbonization temperature for orange peel precursor using NaOH as activating agent, elevates the pore diameter, which thereby facilitating the insertion of Na+. Raman and X-ray diffraction confirms the presence of disordered carbon. The surface morphology of the material was analyzed by scanning eletron microsope and nitrogen ( N2) adsorption and desorption analysis give the morphology, mesopore size (3.374, 3.39 and 4 nm) and surace area (60.164, 58.99 and 54.327 m2/g) of the orange peel-derived hard carbon. Hence, this work strongly evidences that the biomass-derived hard carbon with good porosity and paves way of superior electrochemical performance for emerging sodium ion batteries.

This study investigated the effect of dry heat treatment (DHT) on the physicochemical properties of hard type (HR) and floury type (FR) rice to improve the processing aptitude of rice flour. The rice flour was heated at 130oC for 0, 2 and 4 hours, and the color value, water absorption index (WAI), water soluble index (WSI), swelling power, solubility, pasting properties, particle shape and the X-ray diffraction were measured. After DHT, the L value of rice flour decreased, and the b value increased. The WAI, WSI, swelling power and solubility of HR and FR increased with the increase of treatment time. The cold viscosity and setback increased, while breakdown decreased. Cracks and lumps formed with fine particles were observed. The X-ray diffraction pattern was A-type, while the diffraction intensity decreased. According to the results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, the hydration and pasting properties were significantly different between HR and FR and were affected by DHT time. The results suggest that the properties of modified rice flour by DHT can be used in the food industry.