The objective of this study was to compare nutrients intake, health indices, and prevalence of chronic diseases by occupation in middle-aged men, using results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into two groups by their occupation (Office worker (OW) and Agri-fishery worker (AFW)) and their percentages were 75.5% and 24.5% respectively. In health-related factors, drinking rate was higher in OW (p<0.001), while smoking rate was higher in AFW (p<0.001). Walking and strength exercise were both higher in OW group. In dietary behavior, the rate of skipping breakfast and eating out was higher in OW (p<0.001). Food supplement usage were consumed by OW more than AFW (p<0.001). Daily energy intake was higher in AFW (p<0.05). There were significant differences in nutrient density per 1,000 kcal of minerals and vitamins between the two groups (p<0.05~p<0.001), except calcium, potassium, vitamin A and thiamin. In body weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressures, OW was higher than AFW (p<0.05~p<0.001). Whereas, HDL and LDL-cholesterol were higher in AFW (p<0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher in AFW (p<0.001). The results of this study can be used as data to establish nutrition and health strategies for occupation in middle-aged men.

본 연구는 제6기(2013년~2015년) 국민건강영양조사 결과 중에서 중년남성 882명을 대상으로 밀가루음식 주당 섭취빈도에 따른 건강관련요인, 영양소 섭취, 식행동, 건강지표의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 밀가루음식 저섭취군(54.0%)의 비율은 고섭취군(46.0%) 보다 높았다. 그리고 전체의 밀가루음식 주당 섭취빈도는 4.80회이었으며, 저섭취군(1.78회)과 고섭취군(7.83회)의 섭취빈도 간에 큰 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 밀가루음식 종류별 섭취빈도를 보면 면류, 과자류, 빵류 순이었다. 2. 건강관련 요인에서 살펴본 월 1회 이상 음주 여부와 현재 흡연 여부, 스트레스 인지율, 1일 평균 수면시간, 1주일간 근력운동과 걷기 일수에서 밀가루 섭취빈도에 따른 유의적인 관련성과 차이는 없었다. 3. 1일 에너지 평균섭취량은 1,970.45 kcal이었고, 저섭취군 보다 고섭취군에서 약 630 kcal 정도 더 높았다(p<0.001). 그리고 고섭취군에서 상대적으로 당질 섭취비는 낮은 반면, 지방과 단백질 섭취비는 더 높았다(p<0.001). 무기질과 비타민의 1,000 kcal당 영양소 밀도에서 칼슘, 인, 나이아신을 제외하고, 모두 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 칼륨, 철분, 비타민 A, 비타민 B1, 비타민 C에서는 저섭취군의 섭취가 더 많았던 반면, 나트륨, 비타민 B2에서는 고섭취군의 섭취가 더 많았다 (p<0.01, p< 0.001). 4. 식행동에서 1일 식사횟수는 밀가루음식 저섭취군에서 고섭취군에 비해 3회 비율이 더 높아 관련성을 보였다(p<0.05). 외식빈도는 저섭취군(46.9%)보다 고섭취군(43.2%)에서 더 낮은 경향을 보였으나, 유의성은 없었다. 구입 시 영양표시 이용 여부는 고섭취군(20.5%)이 저섭취군(15.7%)에 비해 더 이용하고 있었으나, 유의적인 관련성은 아니었다. 5. 건강지표에서 신장과 체중, 허리둘레 값이 고섭취군에서 더 높은 경향이 있었으나, 신장(p<0.01)에서만 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그리고 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤에서 고섭취군이 저섭취군보다 더 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 혈청 중성지방에서는 저섭취군이 고섭취군보다 10.5 mg/dL 정도 더 높은 값을 보였으나, 유의적인 차이는 아니었다. 본 연구결과는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용한 횡단면적 연구이어서 인과관계를 밝히기 어렵고, 밀가루음식 섭취량이 아닌 섭취빈도만을 가지고 연구를 행했다는 제한점이 있다. 그러나 대상자 선정에서 교란인자를 제외하였고, 통계분석에서도 보정함으로써 밀가루음식 섭취빈도와 영양소 섭취, 건강지표와의 차이를 독립적으로 측정하고자 하였다. 현재 우리나라에서는 밀가루음식의 섭취가 계속 증가되고 있어 이에 대한 우려가 있다. 실제로 본 연구에서 밀가루음식을 자주 먹는 경우 에너지 영양소의 섭취는 더 많았던 반면 나트륨과 비타민 B2를 제외한 대부분의 무기질과 비타민의 섭취는 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 건강지표에서 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도가 더 높게 나타나 우려가 현실화 되고 있음을 알 수 있었는데, 본 연구결과가 밀가루음식의 과잉 섭취 시 문제점을 알리는데 활용되었으면 한다.

This study examined the socioeconomic factors that affect self-rated health (SRH) in healthy adults, and the relationship of SRH to health-related habits, serum biochemical indices, and nutritional intakes. Subjects consisted of 1,154 healthy adults without any known disease, aged 19 to 65 years (average age of 36.7), whose information was obtained from the 2013 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data. Of these subjects, 73 rated themselves as ‘very healthy,’ 460 indicated that they were ‘healthy,’ 568 self-identified as ‘ordinary’, and 53 put themselves in the ‘unhealthy’ category. The proportion of subjects who chose ‘unhealthy’ was significantly increased with higher frequencies of disruptions in their daily lives (p<0.05), regret after drinking (p<0.05), smoking (p<0.001), and higher levels of stress (p<0.001). On the other hand, the proportion of subjects reported as ‘very healthy’ was significantly higher with regular intense (p<0.001) or moderate physical activities (p<0.05), regular walking (p<0.05), a perception of being ‘normal’ in their body image (p<0.01), a decrease of body weight more than 3 kg in the past year (p<0.05), and without risk factors for metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride level was lower, and 25-(OH) vitamin D content was significantly higher, in the ‘very healthy’ group as compared to the ‘unhealthy’ group (p<0.05). Dietary fiber and vitamin C intakes were significantly higher in the ‘very healthy’ group than ‘unhealthy’ group (p<0.05). The overall results suggest that a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, non-smoking, good stress management, and higher intakes of fiber and vitamin C, may be potential factors that affect one’s positive perception of health.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, diversity and prevalence of diseases according to noodle consumption using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2010. Korean adults (>20) were classified into two groups, noodle group (NG) and non-noodle group (NNG). NG was found to have higher intakes of protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and niacin. The DVS and DDS according to noodle consumption were found to be 21.76 and 3.51 for NG, and 18.56 and 3.40 for NNG, this result was thought to show that the diet of NG was more satisfactory than that of NNG in terms of dietary diversity. In the bone mass of entire subjects, NG showed higher figures in the femoral neck and lumbar spine than NNG. For bone mineral density, NG exhibited higher figures in the femoral neck, and for T-scores, the values of NG was significantly higher in the femoral neck than those of NNG. However, the prevalence of osteoporosis of NG and NNG was 11.6% and 9.5%. The prevalence of osteopenia of NG and NNG was 43.0% and 51.7%. Thus, these results showed that overall bone health of NG was better than that of NNG. Dietary balance and quality were also more satisfactory in NG. These results showed that noodle consumption may have an impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases.

식품안전보건지표는 그 활용성이 높아 국외에서는 종합적인 환경보건지표 내 세부영역에서 개발되어 활용되고 있으나, 국내의 경우 환경보건지표와 독자적으로 개발되어 도입단계에 있다. 본 연구에서는 기 개발된 식품안전 보건지표를 활용할 수 있는 방안을 사례연구의 형태로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 선정하여 제시한 활용방안으로는 지수화를 통한 통합식품안전보건지수 산출, 통합식품안전 보건지수와 이를 구성하는 식품안전보건지표간의 상관성평가, 통합식품안전보건지수와 사회경제적 지위와의 상관성평가가 있다. 지역 내에서 식품안전보건상태의 변화를 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수I과 해당 년도의 지역별 식품안전보건수준을 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수II가 산출되었다. 통합식품안전보건지수I은 Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, 살모넬라, 원인미상으로 인한 식품매개질환 발생건수, 식품매개 법정감염병 발생률 중 장출혈성 대장균 발생률와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 통합식품안전보건지수II는 외국인 비율과 여성 비율이 증가할수록 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였고, 인구밀도가 증가할 수록 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 제시된 활용방안을 통해 전반적인 국내 식품안전보건상태와 지역별연도별 식품안전보건상태의 변화원인을 파악할 수 있으며, 식품안전과 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되는 기타 요인과의 연관성을 분석하여 추가적인 추론을 할 수 있다. 이 외에도 식품안전보건지표는 다양한 방면으로 활용이 가능하고, 정책적 기준 설정 및 방향성 제시의 근거자료로도 활용할 수 있으므로 향후 더욱 활발한 연구와 지속적인 관심이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) scale and safety and health related indices in the shipbuilding workmen. The MMPI scores of the 230 shipbuilding workmen applicants and their performance records regarding safety and health were analyzed through t-test and one-way ANOVA to obtain the following results; (1) applicants intended to show the positive characteristics of their personality, and this attitude reflected a decrease on T-scores of MMPI; (2) there were significant relationships between some MMPI subscales and safety & health related indices. These results can be used to provide baseline information for more effective accident prevention programs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that body composition, nutrient intake, and biochemical indices have on skin status, as well as their associations with skin health status, by assessing 44 female university students. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to skin sensitivity: sensitive skin (n=11), slightly sensitive skin (n=24), and normal skin (n=9). The study included anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses, dietary intake evaluations, blood chemical analyses, and skin health status assessments. Based on % body fat, the results indicated the subjects were moderately obese (29.6%). Obesity indices were not different among the groups, but the sensitive skin group tended to have higher skinfold thickness. Dry skin was determined as the skin type of all subjects. In the sensitive skin groups, U-zone and T-zone sebum were significantly lower (p〈0.05), and spots were significantly higher (p〈0.05) than in the normal skin group. In terms of nutrient intakes, the sensitive skin groups consumed significantly lower amounts of P and vitamins A and E (p〈0.05). There were no significant differences in serum lipid fractions or total antioxidant status among the groups. In correlation coefficients analysis, skin elasticity had significant negative correlations with subscapular and midaxillary skinfold thickness, body protein, and body minerals (p〈0.05). Wrinkling had positive correlations with triceps and thigh skinfold thickness (p〈0.05). Skin evenness had negative correlations with energy intake, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, niacin, and zinc (p〈0.05), as well as folate and P (p〈0.01) and vitamin B6 (p〈0.001). A similar correlation tendency was observed for spots and nutrient intake, showing negative correlations with vitamins A, B6, and E, as well as folate, Fe, and P. U-zone sebum showed significant positive correlations with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. From these findings, skin health status appears to be affected by both nutrient intake and body composition. Therefore, having a proper balance between dietary intake and body composition may influence skin health status in females with sensitive skin.

Purpose - This study surveys factors such as lifestyles, nutritional status, physical indicators, and physical fitness levels that affect the health of seniors over the age of 65 and based on the collected data attempts to create a senior health index model that provides health service information, help support seniors’ successful aging, and improve their quality of life. Research design, data, and methodology – This paper conducted the development for senior health index model and the cross validity verification to examine the status of senior health level, and aimed at setting the health status evaluation criteria. Seniors 384 usable data were analyzed. Results – As an attempt to segment the senior health service market, I divided the results of this study based on measurability, accessibility, disparity between groups, and the size of the potential client base. I divided the senior market into five subgroups: very healthy, healthy, normal, weak, and very weak. Conclusions - The findings of this study may prove useful in preparing for the forthcoming super-aged society through segmentation of the senior market, understanding differences between groups with different health conditions, and discovering effective marketing strategies that meet the demands of different senior groups.

본 연구에서는 SWAT 모형과 random forest를 이용하여 미래 기후변화에 따른 한강유역(34,148 km2)의 수생태계 건강성을 평가하였다. 국립 환경과학원에서 8년간(2008~2015년) 봄철(4~6월)에 모니터링한 부착돌말류 지수(TDI), 저서형 대형무척추동물지수(BMI), 어류평가지수(FAI)는 0~100점, A~E등급으로 평가되며, 이를 본 연구에서 사용하였다. 수생태 건강성에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 수질(T-N, NH4, NO3, T-P, PO4)과 수온을 선정하였으며, 수질 오염도가 낮은 경우에는 수생태계 건강성 점수가 광범위하게 분포되지만 수질 오염도가 높은 경우 수생태계 건강성 점수가 낮아지는 역상관관계를 확인하였다. 기계학습의 분류 분석 기법 중 하나인 random forest 모델을 이용한 세 개의 수생태 건강성 지수 등급 분류 결과 정밀도, 재현율, f1-score 모두 0.81 이상의 예측 정확도를 나타내었다. 기상청의 HadGEM3-RA RCP 4.5와 8.5 시나리오를 적용한 미래 SWAT 수문, 수질 결과 기저유출의 증가로 인해 질소 계열 수질 농도는 기준년도 대비 최대 43.2% 증가하였고, 지표유출 감소로 인해 인 계열 수질 오염도는 최대 18.9% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 미래 FAI, BMI의 등급은 개선되는 경향을 보이지만 TDI는 등급이 악화되는 것으로 나타 났다. 이를 통해 TDI는 질소 계열 수질에 민감하고 FAI, BMI는 인 계열 수질에 더 민감하다고 판단하였다.