Background: Cross-culturally adapted questionnaires may not be comparable to their original version. Objects: To examine concurrent validity of two health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments for the Korean versions of EuroQOL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. Methods: A total of 139 cancer survivors from two rehabilitation institutes was recruited. All participants were registered for palliative rehabilitation care. Both instruments were concurrently administered by health care providers following the second bout of the rehabilitation cares. Rasch partial credit model and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to investigate: 1) dimensionality, 2) hierarchical item difficulty, and 3) concurrent validity using correlations between two instruments. Results: For the WHOQOL-BREF, all items except negative feeling, pain, dependence of medical aid, were found to be acceptable, while all items of EQ-5D were acceptable. There was an evidence of negative correlations between EQ-5D and 4 domains of WHOQOL-BREF. Two correlations were strong (EQ-5D vs. physical health domain, ρ = –0.610, 95% CI = –0.716 to –0.475) and moderate (EQ-5D vs. psychosocial domain, ρ = –0.402, 95% CI = –0.546 to –0.236). Other two correlations were weak (EQ-5D vs. social relationship and environmental domains, ρ = –0.242, 95% CI = –0.401 to –0.075 and ρ = –0.364, 95% CI = –0.514 to –0.207, respectively). Item difficulty calibrations of the two measurements were ranged from –0.84 to 0.86 for the EQ-5D and –1.07 to 1.06 for the WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: The study provides some supports for the concurrent validity of the two Korean versions of HRQOL instrument, with evidences of weak to strong correlations between the EQ- 5D and four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF applied to various cancer survivors. Additionally, the cancer survivors appeared to have more of a tendency to view the EQ-5D items as being slightly more challenging than the WHOQOL-BREF items.

In this paper, we analyzed the safety on static and dynamic characteristics of a top-down evacuation instrument fixed on the exterior walls of a building using finite element analysis. For this purpose, the stress distribution characteristics of the H-beam structure were analyzed and the equivalent stress distribution, deflection displacement and natural frequency characteristics of the overall structure of the evacuation instrument were analyzed. The structures were applied with the materials of SS440 and SUS304. The static analysis results showed the elastic behavior with safety coefficients from 2.4 to 2.9, by confirming the structural safety. In addition, the analysis of the natural frequency characteristics confirmed that the vibration characteristics were higher than the external conditions of 20Hz.

The error between the speed display of the speedometer and the speed display of the navigation occurs in the process of driving the vehicle which makes most of the driver confused and also experience anxiety hence in this paper, by the car management law number 73 (2), tests were conducted with following procedures measured by standard speed tester to analyze the error clearly. The experiment was carried out by installing a car on a speed tester with a speed difference of 10km/h from 30 to 80km/h according to the manufacturer and the vehicle. The result was obtained by measuring differences of the speed display error between the speedometer and navigation when driving the car on the road at the same speed. With the standard speed gauge at 40km/h, error percentage of the speed tester and Morning was 15.9% (5.5km/h) and Sonata was 6.4% (2.4km/h). The error percentage between different car company models was 9.5%. With the standard speed gauge at 40km/h, the error percentage of speed displayed by navigation and Morning was 14.2% (5km/h) and Sonata was 5.3% (2.4m/h). The error percentage between different car company models was 9.6%(3km/h). It was shown that according to the standard safety and rules of the speedometer, the cars were manufactured considering the safety. The speed difference between the speed tester and the navigation was 1.7% (0.5km/h) for Morning, 0.6% (0.2km/h) and 1.1% (0.3km/h) for Trax.

이 연구에서는 지표 관측 자료와 위성 자료 그리고 GWNU 단층 복사 모델을 이용하여 맑은 상태의 전천 일사 량을 계산하였으며, 전운량에 따라 관측 및 모델의 일사량 값을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 자료는 2012년 강릉원주대학교 복사 관측소의 전천 일사량, 기온, 기압, 습도, 에어로졸 등의 관측 자료와 OMI 센서의 오존전량 자료 그리고 구름의 유무 및 전운량을 판단하기 위하여 자동 전운량 장비인 Skyview 자료를 이용하였다. 전운량이 0 할인 맑은 날의 경우 관측 값과 모델 값이 0.98로 높은 상관계수를 나타내었으나 RMSE가 36.62Wm−2로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이는 Skyview 장비가 얇은 구름이나 박무 및 연무 등의 기상상태를 판단하지 못하였기 때문이다. 흐린 날의 경우 구름의 영 향을 보정하기 위해 전운량과 두 값의 차에 대한 비율을 이용한 회귀식을 복사 모델에 적용하였으며, 장비의 오탐지를 제외한 경우 상관계수가 0.92로 높은 상관성을 보였으나 RMSE가 99.50 Wm−2으로 높은 값을 보였다. 더 정확한 분석 을 위해서는 직달 성분의 차폐 유무 및 구름 광학 두께를 포함한 다양한 구름 요소의 추가적인 분석이 요구된다. 이 연구결과는 분 또는 시간에 따른 일사량을 산출하여 일사량이 관측되지 않는 지역에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

현재 중등학교 교육과정은 ‘7차 교육과정’, ‘2007 개정 교육과정’, ‘2009 개정 교 육과정’ 등이 혼재된 상태로 준비 또는 진행 되고 있어 현장의 선생님들은 교수․ 학습 및 평 가 등에 있어 혼란을 겪고 있다. 규준참조평가(norm-referenced evaluation)는 ‘학생이 무엇을 얼마만큼 알고 있는가?’ 보다는 상대적 서열에 관 심을 두는 평가 형태이다. 준거참조평가(criterion-referenced evaluation)는 학 습자 또는 개인이 정해진 준거 혹은 목표에 도달하였는지 여부를 판단하는 평가 형태이다. 따라서 준거참조평가(criterion-referenced evaluation)를 위해서는 교육과정 내용에서 성취기준을 마련하고, 성취수준을 기술해야 한다. 이는 교육과정 변화에 따라 무엇을 가르치고, 평가해야 하는가를 명확히 할 필요성이 있기 때문 이다. 평가문항(도구)의 제작은 성취기준에 의해 개발된다. ｢2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 한문과 성취기준 및 성취수준 개발 연구｣는 국가 수준의 평가 기준 및 성취 기준을 제시하고자 하였으며 그 일환으로 ‘예시평가문항’을 제시하였다. 그러나 2009 개정 교육과정 한문과 교과서 개발은 금년에 중학교가 완료되었다. 이 또한 아직 학교 현장에는 적용되고 있지 않다. 따라서 2009 개정 교육과정 한문Ⅰ 교과 서가 존재하지 않은 상태에서 2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 ‘예시평가문항’을 만들 고 ‘예시평가도구’를 제시하는 것은 어려운 일이다. 그러나 ‘평가 기준’만을 제시할 경우, 실제 이러한 평가기준에 따라 어떤 평가 문항을 만들어야 하는가에 대하여 현장의 선생님들은 많은 의문이 생길 수 있다. 이 때문에 ‘성취 기준’에 따른 예시 평가문항(도구)의 제시가 필요하게 되었다. 현재 2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 ‘고등학교 한문Ⅰ’교과서가 부재한 상태이다. 이러한 상황에서 문항을 개발한다는 것은 상당한 어려움이 있다. 그러나 예시 평 가 문항은 현장에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있기에 반드시 필요하다. 이에 따라 두 가지 대안을 마련하였다. 하나는 가장 공인된 ‘7차 교육과정 수능시험 문항’에서 ‘2009 개정 교육과정 평가 기준’에 맞는 문항을 찾아 제시하는 방법이며 다른 하나는 2009 교육과정의 새로운 유형의 문항은 개발하는 것이다. 이 글은 20개의 ‘예시 평가문항’을 2009 개정 교육과정 대영역인 ‘독해’, ‘문화’, ‘한문지식’으로 구분하고 문항에 대한 질적 평가를 하였으며, 이를 통하여 문항의 ‘내용 타당도’를 확인하였다.

Achievement degree can be improved by display offering more effective process about cognitive, pattern recognition than making observers use memory, integration, and cognitive process of control. And this research is proved by several scholars' researches [4][5][7][9]. In this study, researches was conducted about cognition according to layout of object in instrument panel. To decide layout of instrument panel, Cognition value was preferentially decided about all location. And then, objects are arranged to correct position of low cognition following the inferior procedure about each location. As a result, we get conclusion that gauge location is taken in high importance order through mechanical importance degree bringing huge damage during driving forklift-truck.

Discharge data examine the process of hydrologic cycle and used significantly in water resource planning and irrigation and flood control planning. It makes high quality discharge data, they carry out research on standard and method of discharge measurement, and equipment improvement. Now various flow meters are utilized to make discharge data in Korea. However, accuracy of equipment and exprerimental research data from measurement are not enough. ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) have been introduced and utilized for flow measurements since the end of 1980’s. ADCP flow method is a formal method for flow measurement can easily applyd to relatively large rivers gradually recognized. This equipment can measure the non-contact three-dimensional velocity and water depth data very quickly and efficiently. Also, spatial and temporal resolution of the data is more accurate than any other flow measurement methods which measure flow rate by velocity - area measurement method. In this paper, the velocity is measured using various flow meter and verified the effectiveness by applying from the ADCP in Geum-river. Various flow meters which are med for discharge measurements are VALEPORT002 , FLOW TRACKER, PRICE AA and ADCP. The average of five times flow measurement result by ADCP was 10.412 ㎥/s, with a standard deviation of 0.68. The repeat test by ADCP and comparison between ADCP and other flow devices to verify the most import factor, flow measurement accuracy. In the result, repeat test of the ADCP showed similar values, flow values were similar to other velocity device results and the average error is 7.7%.