Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital disorder that may predispose to retention of fluid in the vagina and uterus, thereby resulting in conditions such as hematocolpos, pyocolpos, and pyocolpometra in female dogs. A 7-year-old intact female shih tzu exhibiting abdominal distension, depression, anorexia, dysuria, dyschezia, and tenesmus was diagnosed with pyocolpos; a 9-year-old intact female Yorkshire terrier with abdominal mass, dysuria, and tenesmus was diagnosed with hematocolpos; and a 7-year-old intact female shih tzu with dysuria, dyschezia, anorexia, and vomiting was diagnosed with pyocolpometra. Ovariohysterectomy and partial vaginectomy were performed, and the blind end of the vaginal stump was omentalized. This clinical report provide diagnostic process and surgical treatment option for congenital vaginal obstruction cases.

One of the most precise methods of tracking water movement and measuring moisture content during hydration process is the usage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, the target samples were dried “Robusta” green coffee beans, and a series of images was acquired through an MRI system during the entire hydration process. Coffee beans were immersed in a glass bottle and were placed in a 35 mm diameter RF coil throughout the whole experiment. A set of 64 images with a field of view of 26 mm×26 mm was acquired. The hydration process of intact dried green coffee beans lasted for 360 min and image data sets were acquired every 10 min with an optimal GRE pulse sequence developed. The MR images were analyzed in 2D and 3D imaging spaces. The results of 2D analysis showed that the changes in water penetration depth inside coffee beans during the hydration process could be visualized. In addition, the results of 3D analysis presented a clearer understanding of the hydration process of dried coffee beans. This study showed that changes in water distribution and physical dimensions of coffee beans during the hydration process in 2D and 3D imaging spaces were meserable, without disturbing the process, by means of the MRI technique.

PURPOSES: It is difficult to estimate tunnel stability because of lack of timely information during tunnel excavation. Tunnel deformability refers to the capacity of rock to strain under applied loads or unloads during tunnel excavation. This study was conducted to analyze a methods of pre-evaluation of stability during tunnel construction using the critical strain concept, which is applied to the results of tunnel settlement data and unconfined compression strength of intact rock or rock mass at the tunnel construction site. METHODS: Based on the critical strain concept, the pre-evaluation of stability of a tunnel was performed in the Daegu region, at a tunnel through andesite and granite rock. The critical strain concept is a method of predicting tunnel behavior from tunnel crown settlement data using the critical strain chart that is obtained from the relationship between strain and the unconfined compression strength of intact rock in a laboratory. RESULTS: In a pre-evaluation of stability of a tunnel, only actually measured crown settlement data is plotted on the lower position of the critical strain chart, to be compared with the total displacement of crown settlement, including precedent settlement and displacement data from before the settlement measurement. However, both cases show almost the same tunnel behavior. In an evaluation using rock mass instead of intact rock, the data for the rock mass strength is plotted on the lower portion of the critical strain chart, as a way to compare to the data for intact rock strength. CONCLUSIONS : From the results of the pre-evaluation of stability of the tunnel using the critical strain chart, we reaffirmed that it is possible to promptly evaluate the stability of a tunnel under construction. Moreover, this research shows that a safety evaluation using the actual instrumented crown settlement data with the unconfined compression strength of intact rock, rather than with the unconfined compression strength of a rock mass in the tunnel working face, is more conservative.

In this study, we examined the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization of porcine immature oocytes on the embryo development of blastocysts or hatched blastocysts and the number of cells according to the in vitro fertilization conditions. In the in vitro fertilization of in vitro matured porcine oocytes, there were no significant differences between treatment groups regarding fertilization rate, blastocyst rate, and embryo development of hatched blastocysts according to the storage periods of liquid sperm of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The embryo development rate of hatched blastocysts after the fertilization according to different spermatozoa concentrations (, , and cells/ml) showed the highest rate in the group with a spermatozoa concentration of cells/ml; in particular, this rate was significantly higher than that in the cells/ml group (p<0.05). The total number of blastocysts cells as well as trophectoderms (TE) that developed in each treatment group were also significantly higher in the cells/ml group than in any other groups (p<0.05). In contrast, the embryo development rate of blastocysts according to different co-incubation periods of sperm and oocyte (1, 3, and 6 hr) was high in the 6-hour group; in particular, the rate was significantly higher than that of the I-hour group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the total number of oocytes cells and TEs that developed was significantly higher in the 6-hour group than any other group (p<0.05). In this study, the most effective treatment conditions for porcine embryo development and high cell number were found to be as follows: a sperm storage period of less than 72 hours, a spermatozoa concentration of cells/ml, and a 6-hour co-incubation period for sperm and ooocyte.

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in joint moment in the intact limb of uni-transfemoral amputees and to identify the implications of knee osteoarthritis. As an experimental method, three-dimensional gait analysis was performed on 10 uni-transfemoral amputees and 10 healthy males. Kinematics and kinetics at the hip, knee, and ankle joint were calculated. As a statistical method, independent t-tests were conducted to perform a comparison between the transfemoral amputee group and the control group. The results showed that the external knee adduction moment increased in the transfemoral amputee group (.22 Nm/kg) compared with that of the control group (.13 Nm/kg) at terminal stance (p=.008). External knee flexion moment also increased in the transfemoral amputee group (.24 Nm/kg) but this difference was not statistically significant. External hip flexion moment increased in the transfemoral amputee group (1.35 Nm/kg) compared with that of the control group (.45 Nm/kg) at initial stance, and external hip extension moment decreased in the transfemoral amputee group (-.26 Nm/kg) compared with that of the control group (-.76 Nm/kg) at terminal stance. Although external ankle plantarflexion moment of the transfemoral amputee group increased, it was not found to be statistically significant. The results suggest that the intact limb joint moment of the uni-transfemoral amputees during walking can be different from that of healthy subjects. In conclusion, it was found that there is a link between the increase of external knee adduction moment and the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in uni-transfemoral amputees. This result is expected to provide some objective data for rehabilitation programs related to knee osteoarthritis in transfemoral amputees.

본 연구는 체외 성숙된 난자와 동결 융해 정자를 이용한 돼지의 체외 수정 과정에서 난구 세포의 존재가 정자 침투율, 웅성전핵 형성률 그리고 후기배로의 체외 발육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 돼지 난소로부터 난자-난구세포 복합체를 채취하여 eCG/hCG, 10% 돼지 난포액, epidermal growth factor 등이 첨가된 TCM 199 배양액에서 44시간 배양하여 체외 성숙을 유도하였다. 성숙 배양 후 난구 세포를 제거한 난자와

The effects of light and CO2 on the electrophysiological characteristics of guard cells in the intact leaf and isolated epidermis have been investigated. Fast hyperpolarization of guard cell apoplastic PD in the intact leaf was recorded reaching up to

본 정성적 연구는 구성주의 학습이론의 기초를 이루는 존재론 및 인식론적 관점에 대한 예비교사들의 이해수준을 네 번의 심충인터뷰를 통하여 추적 조사한 것이다. 보다 큰 연구에 참가한 16명의 예비교사들 가운데 5명이 유의미한 존재론 및 인식론적 변화를 보이고, 11명은 별다른 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 교사양성 교육과정 동안, 철학적 신념에 있어서 변화를 보이지 않은 이들 11명의 교사들에게 초점을 두었다. 과학적 실재론적 신념을 일관되게 유지한 10명의 교사들은 하나의 합성사례로서 제시되었다(Young의 사례). 나머지 한 명은 예외적인 사례로서, 본 연구의 시작부터 관념론과 상대주의 인식론적 입장을 일관되게 유지하여 또 하나의 사례분석의 대상이 되었다(Ben의 사례). 이들 사례들은 각 개인의 깊이 새겨진 존재론이나 인식론적 신념은 굉장히 변하기 어렵다는 기존 주장을 확증한다. 본 연구에서 예비교사들은 그들의 신념이 변하지 않은 이유들을 설명한다. 본 연구는 예비교사들이 그들의 이상적인 교수방법들의 현장 적용과정에서 경험하는 장애요소들과 교사양성 프로그램이 예비교사들의 교수론적 신념변화에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것이다. 교사양성 프로그램의 이론적 교육과정과 예비교사들의 현장경험이 예비교사들의 교사로서의 성장과정에 주는 장점과 영향력들이 풍부한 증거자료와 함께 진술되었다. 교사 교육자들 및 교사양성 프로그램의 수업실제에 주는 시사점이 논의되었다. 본 연구는 현장에 기초한 교사교육 프로그램의 절실함과 노련하고 모범적인 현장교사들을 교사양성 및 교사 재교육에서 교사교육자들로서 권한을 부여해 주어야 함을 강조한다.

The effects of light and darkness on stomatal aperture and guard cell apoplastic pH in the intact leaf and in the isolated epidermal strips of Commelina communis have been investigated. Stomata in the intact leaf opened wide in the light. In contrast, sto

약용 또는 잡초로 취급되어 왔으나 최근에는 박과접목묘의 대목으로 이용되고 있는 안동대목의 종자는 가종피 제거 또는 종자처리를 하지 않을 경우 발아가 아주 불량하다. 본 연구는 안동대목 종자 파종시 가종피 제거에 투입되는 노력을 줄일 수 있는가를 검토하고자 노화, NaOH, 세척, 저온 및 질산화 물 혼용처리 및 건조 등 순차적으로 가하여지는 물리. 화학적 처리가 안동대목 종자의 발아 및 처리종자의 유묘출현율을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 가종피를 제거하지 않은 채종 당년의 안동대목 종자의 발아율은 화학제를 이용한 종피연화 처리시 10% NaOH 처리시 가장 높았으나 노화처리를 통한 휴면타파 후에 처리할 경우 발아율은 더욱 향상되었다. 2. NaOH를 이용한 종피연화 처리 후의 세척을 통한 종피표면의 점액질 제거와 세척 후에 가하여지는 저온처리는 안동대목 종자의 발아율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 1주간 저온처리와 동시에 가하여지는 화학제와 혼용처리로는 증류수를 공급하는 것보다는 0.2% KNO3 용액을 관주할 경우 발아율이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 처리종자의 건조는 무건조보다는 건조시, 건조할 경우 암 상태보다는 적색광을 처리하면서 건조할 경우 발아율이 향상되었다. 5. 가종피를 제거하지 않은 안동대목 종자의 발아율은 일련의 종자처리를 통하여 80% 정도에 이르렀던 반면, 포장출현율은 60% 정도로 나타났다.