In this study, the refinement of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) derived from chemical vapor decomposition is investigated. An ultrasonic pretreatment method is employed to disentangle carbon and metal impurities intertwined with MWCNTs. The pretreated MWCNTs exhibit a marginal decrease in C–O/C = O content from 8.9 to 8.8%, accompanied by a 2.5% increase in sp3 carbon content, indicating a mildly destructive pretreatment approach. Subsequently, selective oxidation by CO2 and hydrochloric acid etching are utilized to selectively remove carbon impurities and residual metal, respectively. The resulting yield of intact MWCNTs is approximately 85.65 wt.%, signifying a 19.91% enhancement in the one-way yield of pristine MWCNTs. Notably, the residual metal content experiences a substantial reduction from 9.95 ± 2.42 wt.% to 1.34 ± 0.06 wt.%, representing a 15.68% increase in the removal rate. These compelling findings highlight the potential of employing a mild purification process for MWCNTs production, demonstrating promising application prospects.

Carbon/carbon composites are widely used in re-entry engineering applications thanks to their excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, but they are easily oxidized in the oxygenated atmosphere. It is important to research their residual mechanical properties influenced by oxidation behaviour, in order to ensure the in-service safety. A microscale degradation model is proposed to predict the oxidation behavior based on the mass conservation and diffusion equations, the derived equivalent steady recession rate of composite is employed to evaluate the residual mechanical properties of the oxidized composite theoretically. A numerical strategy is proposed to investigate the oxidation mechanism of this composite. The differences in the degradation rate between the fiber and the matrix resulted in the steady state and an unchanged shape of the front. Residual mechanical properties of composite with three different domains of oxidation were simulated with a multiscale coupled model. The numerical results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of this composite decreased by 24–32% after oxidation for 30 min at 850 °C. Oxidation also caused the stress redistribution inside components, with the stress concentration diminishing their load-bearing capacity. The local areas of increased stress in the pyrocarbon matrix provided new ways for diffusion of oxygen into the pyrocarbon matrix and fibers.

In this study, Fe–Mo–MgO catalysts for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared using the combustion method and CNTs were synthesized through catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The combustion time was controlled to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 24 h in the catalyst preparation stage. The residual carbon contents after the combustion stage and the morphologies of synthesized CNTs were also analyzed. The diameter, yield, and crystallinity of the synthesized CNTs were found to remarkably vary according to the combustion time in the catalyst preparation process. The amount of residual carbon in the catalyst considerably affects the purity, crystallinity, diameter and its distribution, and wall number of CNTs. Based on the yield and crystallinity, CNTs synthesized using the catalyst with a combustion time of 3 h were determined to be the most appropriate for application in field emitters

Carbon contamination from the binder resin is an inherent problem with the metal powder injection molding process. Residual carbon in the W-Cu compacts has a strong impact on the thermal and electric properties. In this study, uncertainty was quantified to evaluate determination of carbon in a W-15%Cu MIM body by the combustition method. For a valid generalization about this evaluation, uncertainty scheme applied even to the repeatability as well as the uncertainty sources of each analyse step and quality appraisal sources. As a result, the concentration of carbon in the W-Cu part were measured as 0.062% with expanded uncertainty of 0.003% at 95% level. This evaluation example may be useful to uncertainty evaluation for other MIM products.

In this present investigation, Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) of M2 High Speed Steel (HSS) parts using a wax-High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) binder is shown. The elimination of organic binder was carried out by thermal debinding under inert atmosphere. In order to keep carbon in the sample that could improve the sintering process, incomplete debinding was performed between 450 and . The specimens were sintered at temperatures between 1210 and in high vacuum atmosphere, obtaining the 98% of the theoretical density. In the samples with higher residual carbon content, the sintering window was extended up to 20 degrees and the optimum temperature was lower.

최근에 상용차용 디젤 엔진의 성능 향상을 목적으로 엔진 설계가 급격히 변화되면서 캠 팔로우어(cam follower)와 캠(cam) 사이에 작용하는 접동면 하중의 증가로 접동면에서의 마모가 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 주절체 및 소결합금 캠 팔로우어에 비해 내마모성이 우수한 세라믹 캠 팔로우어를 개발하였다. 잔류 응력을 완화시켜주는 중간층을 사용하지 않고 질화규소(Si3N4) 팁과 중탄소강을 활성납재를 사용하여 직접 접합후 냉각시키는 과정에서 두 모재의 열팽창계수차에 의한 크라우닝(crowning, R) 이 형성되도록 하였다. 접합에 사용한 중탄소강은 열팽창시 이력(hysteresis) 거동을 나타내었으며, Ac1 변태점인 723˚C 이하에서 접합할 경우 원하는 크라우닝이 형성되었다. 접합온도가 723˚C 이상이 되면 크라우닝 (R) 값이 온도에 따라 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며 이는 중탄소강의 상변태에 의한 열팽창.수축의 이력 특성으로 설명되어질 수 있었다. 규격에 맞는 크라우닝이 형성되는 최적 접합 온도는 700~720˚C의 범위였다. 질화규소와 중탄소강의 직접 접합방법으로 접합과 동시에 크라우닝을 형성시키고 제어함으로써 난가공재인 세라믹을 곡면 가공하지 않고도 적당한 곡률을 갖는 저가의 세라믹 캠 팔로우어를 제조할 수 있었다.

rf 플라즈마 화학증착을 이용하여 증착된 hydrogenated DLC막의 잔류응력 거동에 대해 조사하였다. 합성된 DLC막의 압축 잔류응력은 이온 에너지뿐만 아니라 이온/원자 유입량 비에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 잔류응력의 최대치는 이온/원자 유입량비가 증가할수록 낮은 이온 에너지 구간에서 일어나며 그 값은 증가하였다. 이온 에너지에 따른 DLC막의 결합 구조의 변형을 Raman 스펙트럼을 이용하여 분석하였다. DLC막의 잔류응력은 sp3결합의 net working이 최대가 되는 점에서 최대치를 보이며, 이는 sp3 net working에 의한 부피팽창 요인에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다. DLC막 내의 유입되는 수소는 잔류응력의 직접적인 원인으로 작용하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.