In Korea, the agricultural industry has witnessed a growing emphasis on reducing reliance on imported forage by adopting locally available alternatives to enhance sustainability and self-sufficiency. Given the limited information on the potential use of whole-crop rice silage (WCRS) as livestock feed, this study evaluated the effects of total mixed rations (TMR) containing WCRS on the rumen microbiota of Hanwoo heifers. Thirty heifers (body weight = 351 ± 39 kg) were randomly assigned to three TMR diet groups for the early fattening period: oat hay (OH), oat hay with Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage (OIC), and silages from whole-crop rice, Italian ryegrass, and corn (WCRSEF). During the late fattening period, the same heifers (569 ± 40 kg) were reassigned to three other treatment groups: perennial ryegrass (PRG), Italian ryegrass silage and alfalfa hay (IRGA), and silage containing whole-crop rice (WCRSLF). The effects of different feeding diets on the rumen microbial composition of Hanwoo heifers were investigated using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The analysis revealed similar microbial diversity among the treatments across both fattening periods. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla during early and late fattening periods. Moreover, during the early fattening period, heifers fed WCRS exhibited a higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, whereas Firmicutes became more predominant in the late fattening period. Hungateiclostridium and Porphyromonas were identified as biomarkers (LDA score > | 2 |; p < 0.05) for the WCRSEF and WCRSLF groups, respectively. Furthermore, the microbial co-occurrence network highlighted different patterns (| r | = 0.85; p < 0.05) between the early and late fattening periods. The results provide significant insights into the effects of WCRS as a substitute for conventional forages such as oat hay, perennial ryegrass, alfalfa, and Italian ryegrass silage. The findings suggest that WCRS can modulate the rumen microbiome of Hanwoo heifers.

Multimodal composites have the potential to play a crucial role in the development of theranostic agents. Systems with optical and magnetic response can be applied in medicine for both imaging and therapy; however, combining magnetic and luminescent nanoparticles in one entity is challenging. Both the morphology and architecture of the composite, as well as the influence of the magnetic components and matrix on the light-emissive component, must be paid attention. In this study, we demonstrate a design of a composite with advantageous magnetic response and luminescence in green and red regions (excited at 405 and 580 nm, respectively), where biocompatible CaCO3 microspheres were loaded and decorated with luminescent carbon dots (CDs) and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). We showed the absence of CDs’ toxicity by the IC50 tests and demonstrated its localization in L1 and L4 stages of C. elegans embryogenesis. We determine the optimal parameters for composite formation to achieve their improved performance and structural stability. The composites were fabricated in several steps, including loading nanoparticles and layer-by-layer application of polyelectrolytes on top of CaCO3. We demonstrated the applicability of the prepared composite microspheres for flow cytometry and showed their potential as multiplexed visualization agents, emphasizing their potential use as promising theranostic agents.

본 연구는 브릿포트 시 문학상(Bridport Poetry Prize) 수상 시인 마리오 페트루치의 선택된 시편들에 나타나는 환경 윤리를 탐구한다. 분석은 인간과 자연의 관계를 고찰하는 생태비평의 핵심 요소인 ‘윤리(Ethics)’ 개념을 중심으로 진행된다. 시문학의 영역에서 다양한 생태철학적 측면을 살펴보기 위해 페트루치의 작품은 중요 한 연구 대상으로 평가된다. 생태철학의 주요 구성 요소인 알도 레오폴드(Aldo Leopold)의 ‘대지 윤리(land ethics)’ 개념을 바탕으로, 자연 세계에 대한 페트루치의 윤리적 관점을 새로운 시각에서 분석하고자 한다. 본 논의는 윤리적 성찰을 담고 있는 시들을 중심으로, 자연에 대한 인간의 책임을 함양하는 데 있어 겸손의 중요성을 강조 하고, 아울러 페트루치가 자연과 맺는 깊은 연관성을 조명한다. 본 연구에서는 페트루 치의 묘목 , 목판화 , 스냅사진 , 울타리 , 우크리티예 , 프리핍얏 , 나나 , 바 바 나디야 , 골루보이 를 분석 텍스트로 삼는다.

본 논문은 한국 작가 한강과 인도 소설가 아룬다티 로이를 비교 문학적 으로 분석하며, 두 작가가 각각의 문화적·사회정치적 맥락 속에서 트라우마, 저항, 정 체성을 어떻게 재현하는지를 탐구한다. 연구는 한강의 􋺷채식주의자􋺸(2007)와 􋺷소년이 온다􋺸(2014), 그리고 로이의 􋺷작은 것들의 신􋺸(1997)과 􋺷최상의 행복을 위한 사원􋺸 (2017)을 중심으로, 두 작가가 체현된 신체, 파편화된 기억, 실험적 서사 기법을 어떻 게 활용하여 구조적 억압과 개인적 고통에 맞서는 비판적 도구로 삼는지를 분석한다. 텍스트의 정밀 독해를 통해, 이 논문은 신체가 어떻게 저항의 장이 되고, 기억이 어떻 게 정치적 역사의 저장소가 되며, 침묵이 어떻게 전복적 발화의 형태로 변모하는지를 살핀다. 한강은 미니멀리즘과 알레고리적 초현실주의를 자주 소환하는 반면, 로이는 풍성한 문체와 정치적 풍자를 활용하는 등 미학적 전략은 다르지만, 두 작가는 모두 주변화된 목소리를 확장하고 제도적 폭력이 지속되는 방식에 도전한다는 점에서 깊은 공통점을 지닌다. 이러한 작업을 통해 두 작가는 권위주의, 가부장제, 사회적 배제에 대한 날카로운 비판을 제시할 뿐 아니라, 문학적 혁신을 통해 새로운 존재 방식과 공 동체의 가능성 또한 상상해낸다.

Designing long-wavelength emissive carbon dots (CDs) with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) is an inevitable component for lighting applications. However, it is still challenging to develop an efficient CDs with excitation-independent emission in long-wavelength regions. In this work, we developed an excitation-independent yellow emissive CD (y-CDs) with PL emission centered at 568 nm via a facile solvothermal treatment of citric acid and melamine using toluene as solvent. The synthesized, y-CDs contain a high degree of conjugated sp2- carbon domains (fused rings) with different surface groups, which serve as a center for photon absorption. The addition of melamine improves the degree of sp2- conjugated carbon domain and surface groups thereby switching the emission of y-CDs from excitation-dependent to excitation-independent emission with excellent PL QY of 80.2%, UV stability, and large Stoke shift. This work not only developed an efficient yellow emissive CD but also explored the possible mechanism of excitation-independent emission and used it for the development of phosphor-converted LEDs. The LED shows warm yellow light with CIE coordinates of (0.48, 0.49), CCT of 2983 K, excellent color purity of 94%, and high thermal stability. This study promotes the development of cost-effective and ecofriendly optoelectronic devices for smooth lighting applications.

Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as transformative materials due to their unparalleled surface-to-volume ratios, tunable porosity, and excellent mechanical flexibility, making them suitable for energy storage, catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. However, their inherent surface limitations—poor chemical stability, insufficient active sites, and limited functionality—restrict their full potential. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has risen as a game-changing postsynthesis modification strategy, enabling atomic-scale precision in surface engineering. This is also impactful for carbonbased nanofibers, where surface inertness limits their electrochemical performance. This review critically examines advanced CVD techniques, including atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD), and initiated CVD (iCVD), which enable the formation of conformal coatings, hierarchical functionalization, carbon nanotube integration, and interfacial optimization of as-spun nanofibers. We highlight breakthroughs in hydrophobicity, catalytic activity, biocompatibility, and energy storage performance, with applications ranging from oil–water separation to nerve gas detoxification, pH-responsive drug delivery, and high-capacity carbon-composite lithium-ion batteries. By dissecting deposition mechanisms, material innovations, and emerging applications, this work highlights the synergy between as-spun nanofibers and the exploitation of CVD techniques in designing versatile materials. Furthermore, advancements hinge on computational modeling, novel precursors, including carbon-rich sources, and scalable processes to bridge lab-scale innovations with industrial deployment are desired. This comprehensive analysis provides a guiding framework for researchers utilizing CVD techniques as a postmodification tool to develop nanofiber-based solutions addressing global challenges in sustainability, healthcare, and energy.