Based on conceptual metaphor theory and speech act, this study aims to examine the communicative functions of language use by analyzing texts used in Seoul’s urban design. Considering that life in a modern society is based on the ecosystem of its cities, the importance of urban design in increasingly felt by modern individuals who share limited space and move along predetermined routes. According to El-Khoury and Robbins (2004), urban design is both an abstract and relative concept, and the purpose of a city can be interpreted differently according to differences in experience and perspective. Conceptual metaphorical language expressions not only have a communicative function but also provide the hearer with a certain perspective by concretizing the events or phenomena indicated by the speaker. Metaphorical language expressions based on metaphors created by the speaker perform speech acts by serving as an effective means of persuasion and communication (Searle 1979). We examine the linguistic aspects based on the metaphor of the development of illocutionary forces in Seoul’s urban design texts.

This study examines the textual structure and speech acts within the inaugural addresses of the ministers in the Yoon Suk Yeol Government’s first cabinet. These addresses typically follow a three-part structure: introduction, development, and closing. The introduction features an opening greeting, while the development stage outlines the main service and missions, and presents requests to organizational members. The closing stage concludes the address. The introduction and closing are often simple enumerations of contents, whereas the development stage is logically and coherently structured. In terms of speech acts, the introductory stage predominantly features expressive acts. The development stage is marked by announcements and requests, while the closing e ncompasses various acts including statements, promises, and solicitations.

This paper examined the effects of online English-medium instruction (EMI) on high school students’ performing English face threatening speech acts, by assessing indirect expressions and token agreement (agreement plus but). Participants completed an English placement test and English pretest and posttest through a Google survey. English proficiency, required for study participation was measured using the English placement test. An English pretest and posttest measured English pragmatic performance. The students were given approximately four weeks to complete eight online lectures. The experimental group completed eight online lectures which taught five face threatening speech acts, based on formal situations in the United States. The control group completed eight online lectures about worldwide cultures. The experimental group showed a significant improvement in the English posttest compared with the control group, based on improvements observed in the use of indirect expressions and token agreement. A difference between groups using indirect expressions was observed in an unfamiliar person scenario but not in a familiar person scenario.

The aim of this study is to analyze the research trend of speech acts in Korean language. This study targets 371 master's and doctoral dissertations published from 1985 to 2020. These papers are analyzed according to the year of publication, type of paper, type of speech act, research topic, subject of research, and data collection method. As a result of the analysis, research related to speech acts in Korean have been diversified in terms of topics, subjects of research, and data collection methods along with a quantitative increase. However, three directions are proposed for the development of the study of speech acts in Korean language. First, subjects of research need to be diversified in terms of their learning environment and proficiency. Second, in order to analyze the actual use of language, it is required to collect data close to actual conversation. Lastly, longitudinal studies are needed to research Korean language learners' development or acquisition of Korean language.

The studies on Speech Acts of Directives (and the traditional study of Imperative Sentences) of local scholars have achieved some valuable results, including the definition and the inner classification of Speech Acts of Directives based on the speaker’s authority and power, the tone of sentence. However, it is observed that in speech communication, a directive sentence is given by the speaker based on some other influences besides those factors, which is against the former studies. Therefore, there should be a more complicated mechanism in the formation of a speech act of directives, not just formed by an individual factor. This article examines the selection process of the directive speech acts based on the theory of prototypic categories, and take more complicated, organic organized contexts into consideration. The context factors can be divided into constant factors and changeable factors. The combination of the two factors decides the range of selection of directive speech acts and the final form of output of the speech act.

본 연구는 <소나기>를 연구대상으로 발화행위 이론을 이용하여 다양한 언어 환경에서 나타내는 전형적인 언표내적 행위에 의해서 언표내적 행위의 목표, 지향성, 심리적 태도 이 세 가지 차원에서 소녀와 소년의 대화를 분석해, 소녀와 소년의 심리상태와 성격을 해석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 제2장에서는 설의 이론을 대해 살펴볼 것이다. 설은 언표내적 행위의 목표, 심리적 태도, 지향성을 언표내적 행위의 분류하는 데에 중요한 기준으로 삼고 있다. 이 기준에 의하여 언표내적 행위를 진술 행위, 지시 행위, 언약 행위, 표출 행위, 선언 행위로 분류한다.제3장에서는 설의 언표내적 행위 분류 기준으로 <소나기>에서의 대화를 분석하고자 한다. 특정된 환경에서의 특정된 언표내적 행위 유형에 속하는 대화문을 분석함과 동시에 각 유형의 대화문수와 백분율을 통계해 보기로 한다.화용론적인 발화행위 분석을 통해서 소설의 주인공인 소년과 소녀의 성격 특징을 발견할 수 있는데 종합하면 다음과 같다.소녀의 지시 행위에 질문이 많고 금지의 심리적 태도를 나타내는 지시 행위도 있다. 표출 행위의 경우에는 소녀의 대화 비중이 소년보다 훨씬 더 높다. 따라서 <소나기>는 외향적이고 도전적이며 호기심이 많은 소녀를 기술하고 있다. 소년의 지시 행위에는 금지의 심리적 태도를 나타내는 것이 없다. 표출 행위의 경우에는 소년의 백분율이 소녀보다 훨씬 낮다. 따라서 <소나기>는 내성적이고 수동적이며 수줍음이 많은 소년을 기술하고 있다.

【벼리】이 연구의 목적은 L1에서 L2로 가는 과정에 있는 중급과 고급의 한국어 학습자들이 한국인들과 더 자연스러운 의사소통을 하기 위해서 부정 의문문의 간접 화행의 교육이 필요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 부정 의문문의 간접 화행은 그 형태와 기능이 다양한데 이것을 중급과 고급 학습자들에게 교육을 하게 되면 한국 인처럼 모국어 화자와 같은 화법을 구사할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 본고에서는 부정의문문을 단순히 ‘질문’의 의미에서 더 나아가 간접 화행을 통해 ‘명령’, ‘요청’, ‘동의요구’, ‘추측’, ‘강조’로 다섯 가지로 나누었으며 이것을 한국어 중급과 고급의 학습자들에게 설문지로 이 다섯 가지 이해도를 조사해보았다. 숙달도별로 결과 가 달랐지만 공통적으로 ‘추측’의 이해도가 떨어졌다. 그리고 기존에 나와 있는 한국어교재를 통해 한국어 교재에서는 어떻게 부정 의문문의 간접 화행을 다루고 있는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 두 교재에서만 부정 의문문의 간접 화행을 문법으로 교육하고 있었고 나머지 교재에서는 주로 예문에서 부정 의문문의 간접 화행이 쓰이고 있었다. 단순히 부정 의문문의 예만 제시할 것이 아니라 부정 의문문의 간접 화행에 대한 의미를 나타내는 교육을 해야 할 것이다. 본고에서는 의사소통 중심의 언어교육이론에 입각하여 한국어 부정 의문문의 간접 화행 교육 방안에 대해서 기술하고자 한다.

The present study investigates the speech acts (Searle 1979) of the four forms of the kkunhta exchange (i.e., kkunhnunta, kkunhulkey(yo), kkunheya(ha)keyssta, and kkunhca) in telephone conversation closings in Korean. It demonstrates that the four cannot be simply lumped together with kkunhe(yo) let alone the annyeng exchange. First, kkunhnunta in telephone conversation closings serves either as an assertive or a commissive (the latter being far more likely). Its subject restriction and sentence type prevent it from functioning as a directive. Second, kkunhulkey(yo) serves only as a commissive. Its subjection restriction and sentence type as a “promissive-assurance” define its speech act as such. It thus formes the “notice/commissive-(silent) acceptance” pair or the “inform-(silent) acknowledge” pair. Third, kunheya(ha)keyssta operates either as a commissive when the elliptical subject is the speaker or as a directive when it is the addressee, bearing some resemblance to kkunhe(yo). However, even as directives, their functions are not identical. Last, kkunhca as a terminal proposal lies between a directive and a commissive. Also, even as a directive, its subject restriction (i.e., first-person plural) differs from that of kkunhe(yo), and accordingly, the adjacency pairs that it belongs to differs from those that kkunhe(yo) does. Overall then, the present study illustrates that the four forms of the kkunhta exchange are functionally distinct from the kkunhe(yo) and annyeng exchanges. Each of them performs different speech acts and belongs to different adjacency pairs.

Interrogative sentences can reveal not only questions but also various pragmatic meanings such as conjecture, doubt, confirmation, request, command, irony, emphasis, and admiration, etc. in the usual communication. They are commonly used as a syntactic down-grader in order to prevent pragmalinguistic failures and also reinforce the effect of utterance in communication The Indirect Speech Acts of Korean interrogatives are studied in this paper. In particular, the nature of semantics of interrogatives, the correlation of interrogatives and epistemic modality, the subclassification of its' semantics, and also, the conception of Indirect Speech Acts, the discourse function of interrogatives were included in this paper based on a critical analysis on the previous studies. He semantics of interrogatives are context-depended. So future studies about the correlation of pragmatic factors and the specific expressions of languages will be continued.

Interrogative is a type of sentences that conveys a question for people in the process of recognizing the world. Interrogative sentences can reveal not only questions but also various pragmatic meanings such as conjecture, doubt, confirmation, request, command, irony, emphasis, and admiration, etc. The usage patterns of Directive Speech Acts of Korean Interrogatives are studied in this paper. They are commonly used as a syntactic down-grader in order to prevent pragmalinguistic failures and reinforce the effect of utterance in communication. In this research, the aspects of the usage of Directive Speech Acts of Korean Interrogatives by Chinese Korean learner are investigated by methods of Discourse Completion Tests(DCT) and Follow-Up Interview. According to the results comparing between Korean native speaker and Chinese intermediate and advanced Korean learner, we can draw a conclusion that the native speakers use the indirect directive functions of interrogatives actively in order to express their intention effectively and exert the illocutionary force while the Chinese speakers can not use them appropriately.

초급 학습자들 또한 목표언어를 배우는 가장 궁극적인 목표가 원활한 의사소통이며, 초급에서부터 담화 맥락의 이해가 이루어지지 않는다면, 중․고급에서 발생하는 많은 오류와 학습자들의 이미 굳어진 오류의 화석화 때문에 학습자들은 목표언어를 배우는데 더 어렵고 힘겨워 할 수 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 수업시간에 사용되는 요청화행을 전사 자료를 활용하여 그 양상을 살펴본 후 초급을 대상으로 요청 화행을 지도하기 위한 교육 방안을 살펴보고자 한다.