To understand the composition, quantity, and quality of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter (SPOM) in the Gangneung Namdae Stream, Korea, we examined spatiotemporal variations in water temperature, salinity, chlorophlly a (Chl a), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), and carbon stable isotope (δ13C) of SPOM at six stations in June (pre-monsoon), July (monsoon), and September (post-monsoon) 2017. With increasing precipitation, the average POC and C/N values increased significantly in July than in June. In September, the values decreased with decreasing precipitation. The δ13C values showed irregular spatiotemporal fluctuations among the stations and periods, thereby suggesting a greater contribution of autochthonous organic matter to the pool of SPOM than that of allochthonous organic matter derived from upstream. In addition, the large and irregular changes in POC, C/N ratio, C:Chl a, and δ13C compared to that of PON were observed for all periods among the stations, indicating a serial discontinuity of the stream. Our results suggest that the Gangneung Namdae Stream is significantly influenced by the increase in freshwater discharge caused by heavy rainfalls during the summer monsoon and post-monsoon periods.

비점오염은 점오염과 달리 불특정 배출경로를 가지며 유출량의 예측 및 정량화가 어렵다. 또한 비점오염물질이 수계로 유입 될 경우 수질의 악화를 초래한다. 이에 정부는 비점오염원을 관리하고자 비점오염저감시설 개발, 연구 및 설치를 지속적으로 시행하고 있다. 하지만 기존 비점오염저감시설의 경우 충분한 자료를 토대로 설치되지 않아 추가적인 연구 및 보완이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 식생수로에서 강우 시 발생되는 부유물질 및 유기물 저감효율을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구방법으로는 대상지역에서의 강우 모니터링을 통해 비점오염저감시설의 자연형 장치인 식생수로에서의 EMC를 통계분석하고 ER 방법 및 SOL 방법을 이용하여 오염물질 저감효율을 산정하였다. EMC 결과 값은 TSS는 유입 27.62 ∼ 98.08mg/L, 유출 13.96 ∼ 220.12mg/L, COD는 유입 13.61mg/L ∼ 31.83mg/L, 유출 5.69 ∼ 11.34mg/L, BOD는 유입 2.58 ∼ 11.70mg/L, 유출 0.59 ∼ 6.65mg/L의 범위를 보였다. 저감효율 산정 값은 ER 방법과 SOL 방법에 대해 각각 TSS는 49%, 83% COD는 72%, 82% BOD는 71%, 76%로 나타났다. 상대적으로 낮은 유출부의 EMC 범위와 평균 70% 이상의 저감효율 산정 값을 통해 식생수로가 강우 시 발생되는 오염물질에 대해 높은 저감효과를 가진다고 판단된다.

점오염원과는 다르게 비점오염원은 배출지점이 명확하지 않고 강우사상, 배수유역 등의 자연적 요인에 따라 배출량의 변화가 심하여 예측에 어려움이 있다. 이러한 비점오염원의 관리를 위하여 많은 비점오염원 저감시설이 설치되었다. 본 연구는 비점오염원이 효과적인 관리가 되고 있는지 알아보기 위해 기존에 설치되어 있는 자연형 비점오염원 저감시설인 식생여과대의 유입, 유출수의 EMC 와 저감 효율을 산정하여 나타낸 결과로 비점오염원 저감시설의 효율평가에 도움 될 것이라고 판단된다.

Suspended and sinking particles were collected during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of carotenoids both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Fucoxanthin was the dominant carotenoid pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. The present study also indicates that 19'-hexanoyoxyfucoxanthin-containing prymesiophytes (Phaeocystis spp.) was abundant in the study area. The flux rates of carotenoids were generally highest at 50 m, and approximately double the flux rates at deeper horizons, however, at Inner Bay sites, the mean flux rates of carotenoids were greatest at 200 m, and 3 times greater than that of 50 m. Such anomalous high fluxes at 200 m imply that grazers were locally abundant between 100 m and 200 m at these sites close to land, and this hypothesis is supported by visual evidence of lots of fecal pellets in the 200 m trap. Integrates standing stocks versus sinking pigments data support that particulate material in Prydz Bay was not recycled rapidly.

Suspended and sinking particles were collected in austral summer during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of chlorophylls and their degradation products both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Chlorophylls a and c were the dominant algal pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. Because of the abundance of fecal pellets at Site 740, the mean fluxes at 200 m averaged 6 fold greater than that at 50 m. This implies that a dense swarm of zooplankters, presumably large copepods and/or salps, may "feed and excrete" mainly in between 100-200 m depths at this site, closest to land in Prydz Bay. Interestingly, The flux of phaeophorbide a was generally similar in magnitude to that of chlorophyll a throughout the study areas. This is an evidence that materials escaping from near-surface regions in austral summer derive mainly from the gazing of zooplankters. "New production" from sediment-trapped CHL pigment fluxes in Prydz Bay was estimated using f-ratio of 0.15, ranging from 520 to 1,605 μgC m-2 day-1.

In order to measure in-situ suspended particle size, volume concentration of suspended particulate matter and current speed, mooring observation was performed at the Gwangyang Bay by using of an optical instrument, 'LISST-100' and an acoustic instrument, 'ADV'(St. S1). And the sediment flux was obtained based on the concentration of suspended particulate matter and current speeds measured at three lines of Gwangyang Bay during ebb and flood tide of August 2006. To investigate the spatial variation of suspended particulate matter, profiling observations were measured difference echo intensity and beam attenuation coefficient by using of ADCP and Transmissometer (Line A, B, C). The suspended sediment flux rate at the mouth of Gwangyang Bay was observed to be higher during asymmetrical than symmetrical of current speeds. The flux of suspended particulate matter concentration and current speeds were transported to southeastern direction of surface layer and northwestern direction of bottom layer at the western area at line A of Gwangyang Bay. Small suspended particles have been found to increase attenuation and transmission more efficiently than similar large particles using acoustic intensity (ADV/ADCP) or optical transmit coefficient (LISST-100/Transmissometer). The application and problems as using optical or acoustic instruments will be detected for use in time varying calibrations to account for non-negligible changes in complex environments in situ particle dynamics are poorly understood.

본 연구는 댐으로 유입되는 하천수의 수질과 부유물질의 특성 분석을 통하여 댐의 탁수발생원인을 환경지질학적으로 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 2004년 5월부터 8월까지 3회에 걸쳐 가창댐의 본 댐 유역, 수변과 상류지역의 토양, 암석, 유입하천을 대상으로 댐 원수와 하천수, 토양, 암석, 부유물질의 특성을 ICP, IC, 입도분석기, XRD, SEM로써 분석하였다. 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 EC, 탁도, 양이온, 음이온의 농도가 증가하는데, 이는 풍화와 같은 지질학적인 영향으로 이온들의 총량이 증가하기 때문이다. 부유물과 토양내의 주 광물조성은 질석, 일라이트, 카올리나이트, 석영, 장석, 철수산화물 등이었다. 토양의 경우, 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 세립질 10% 구간(d10)의 입자의 양이 약간 증가하며, 부유물은 댐에 가까워질수록 질석의 함량이 증가한다. 그러나 본 유역을 구성하는 암석은 대부분 유사함을 보이고 이러한 지질분포특성에 의하여 부유물과 토양의 광물조성의 변화는 거의 나타나지 않는다. 부유물을 구성하는 점토광물들은 주변의 토양 구성광물과 유사하며 주변 모암의 풍화작용에 의해 생성된 토양으로부터 유래된 것을 지시한다.

In order to investigate the distribution of suspended particulate matter of the surface water in the South Sea of Korea in early winter, the cruise results during 2 to 8 December 2004 were analyzed in relation to the hydrography. The front was formed along the line connecting between Tsushima and Cheju Islands, which divided the water into two water masses; the coastal water with low temperature and low salinity, and the Tsushima Warm Current Water with high temperature and high salinity. In the coastal water the suspended particulte matter was 5.0-6.5 mg/l, while in the oceanic water suspended particulate matter was 4.5-5.0 mg/l. The coastal water showed higher mixing effects, compared to the oceanic area where vertical stratification was clearly formed. These indicate that the distribution of suspended particulate matter was affected by the stratification or mixing of the water column. Also it is suggested that the mixing effects of sea surface cooling and wind play an important role on the distribution of suspended particulate matter in the South Sea of Korea in winter time.