장관은 대통령의 국정 운영 파트너이자, 주요 행정부처의 수장이다. 이 에 본 연구는 민주화 이후 역대 장관의 충원 패턴에 대해 살펴보고, 덧 붙여 정부 운영의 안정성을 위해 장관의 재임 기간에 영향을 미치는 요 인을 전문성 요인과 대통령-장관 연계 요인에 주목하여 경험적으로 분석 하였다. 민주화 이후 장관직을 역임한 총 489명을 대상으로 데이터를 구 축하였고, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 충원 패턴을 살펴본 결과 개인 적 특성 요인에 있어서는 남성이 다수였고, 평균 연령은 약 58세였으며, 학력은 높은 수준이었다. 둘째, 전문성 요인에 있어서 장관들은 대체로 전공 및 경력 등에 있어서 소속 부처와 일치된 전문성을 보유하고 있었 다. 셋째, 대통령-장관 연계 요인과 관련하여 정실주의적 요인으로는 출 신 학교보다는 출신 지역에 있어서 대통령과의 연관성이 다소 나타났으 며, 엽관주의 요인으로 동일 정당 활동 여부가 장관 인선에 영향을 미쳤 을 가능성이 존재한다는 것을 확인하였다. 넷째, 장관의 평균 재임 기간 은 약 1년 3개월로 다른 국가에 비해 짧은 수준이었다. 마지막으로, 장 관의 재임 기간에 영향을 미치는 요인을 회귀분석한 결과, 장관의 전문 성 요인의 영향력이 가장 크게 나타났다.

이 글은 아프리카 지역의 정부조직인 차드 분지 호수위원회(LCBC) 회원국이 테러조직인 보코하람의 테러 행위에 맞서기 위해 형성한 다국적군의 활동이 참여국 정치지도자들의 권력 유지에 어떤 영향을 행사하는지 조사했다. 2010년에서 2018년 기간 나이지리아, 카메룬, 니제르, 차드의 정치지도자들과 관련된 데이터를 조사한 결과 이 지역에서 독재국가의 지도자들보다 민주주의 국가의 정치지도자들이 반테러주의 활동의 실패에 대해 더 많은 정치적 비판에 직면한 결과 권력 유지에 실패했음을 파악했다.

This paper reviewed the relationship between job characteristics and incremental innovation, and the moderating effect of tenure. The results of multiple regression analysis, based on the responses from 241 employees in service industry, showed that job variety, identity, importance, autonomy and feedback have positive relationships with incremental innovation. In moderating effects, tenure interacts with variety and identity to have positive effects on incremental innovation, but tenure interacts with job importance, autonomy and feedback to have negative effects on incremental innovation.

This paper reviewed the relationship between organizational culture and service quality, and the moderating effect of tenure in service business. Based on the responses from 586 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that rational culture and affiliation culture have positive relationships with all service quality factors. The results of moderating analysis showed that rational culture has more positive relationships with tangibleness, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy in which tenure is longer. Also progressive culture has more positive relationship with empathy in which tenure is longer.

This paper studies the relationship between learning orientation and incremental innovation(process innovation, operational innovation, and service innovation), and the moderating effect of tenure in tele-communication service sector. Based on the responses from 241 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis show that learning orientation have positive relationships with process innovation, operational innovation, and service innovation. The results of moderating analysis showed that longer tenure employees have more positive relationships with all incremental innovation factors(process innovation, operational innovation, and service innovation) than short tenure employees.

This paper reviewed the relationship between personal factors(creativity, outwarding, entrepreneurship) and incremental innovation, and the moderating effect of tenure in the domestic service enterprises. Based on the responses from 213 employees, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that almost personal factors have positive relationships with incremental innovation factors. The results of moderating analysis showed that entrepreneurship have negative effects on all incremental innovation factors in interacting with tenure.

This paper intends to test the relationship between organizational justice(procedural justice, distributive justice, interactive justice) and turnover intention, and the moderating effect of employee tenure. Data for this purpose were gathered from 571 employees in small and medium service industry of Seoul, Kyeonggi, and Kangwon province. Result of multiple regression showed that perceived procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactive justice have an negative effect on turnover intention. And results of hierarchical multiple regression to test the moderating effect of tenure showed that procedural justice has an negative effect on turnover intention, and such effect is more significantly apparent in short tenure employees. Distributive justice also appeared to have an negative effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in short tenure employees. Interactive justice had an negative effect on turnover intention, and such effect appeared to be same irrespective of tenure.

Greenberg(1990) suggested that organizational justice research may potentially explain many organizational behavior outcome variables. One example of nontraditional job behavior is service quality, for it is part of the spontaneous and innovative behaviors noted by Katz(1964). The first purpose of this research is to test the effects of organizational justice on service quality, and the second purpose is to test the moderating effects of sex and tenure on the relationships between organizational justice and service quality. According to statistical analysis, only interactional justice had an impact on service quality. Also the results of moderating regression analysis showed that short term employees were more sensitive to distributive justice than long term employees. This result means short term employees are more interested in incentive system than long term employees.

With increasing of Korean family's revenue and pursuing quality of life, outdoor food and meal industry is rapidly growing up. Thus employee's service quality is much more needed in this industry. This paper reviewed the relationship between employee empowerment and service quality. The first purpose of this research is to test the effects of employee empowerment on service quality, and the second purpose is to test the moderating effects of sex and tenure on the relationships between employee empowerment and service quality. According to statistical analysis, meaning, competency, and autonomy generally had an affirmative impact on many service quality factors. Also the results of moderating regression analysis showed that long term employees were more sensitive to autonomy than short term employees.