This paper is to identify the cause and effect by one-group pretest-posttest design that primary care-giver’s burden for senile dementia elderly could reduce the care burden as for the lapse of time. To examine the cause and effect, among the patterns of three community-based services, it differentiated primary care-giver for senile dementia elderly among home help service, day care service and short stay service for senile dementia elderly. To reach this research goals, it examined buffering effects with using one way ANOVA. After comparing the means value of buffering effects of care burden for among home help service, day care and short stay service for senile dementia elderly, almost all of home help service for senile dementia elderly was found not to appear higher than that of day care and short stay service for senile dementia elderly. However, the result of this study could draws some social welfare practice including to care management on health-related burden buffering, user of home help service for senile dementia elderly.

It is imperative to rethink the whole of formal and experiential learning in terms of interest-centered learning. We need to abandon the method of inculcation in favor of methods of elicitation. The self-knowledge that is the foundation of moral development for patriotism cannot be inculcated and it depends upon the pedagogy that emphasizes elicitation. Interest-centered learning should be the central principle of school education and social education for the morality of patriotism. We need to recognize the necessity to serve children’s native curiosity from the beginning, when children’s attitudes toward school and learning first start to take shape. The several educational proposals in this study coalesce the problems of acquiring self-knowledge for patriotism. Old principles mandated total control of classrooms by teachers and corresponding control of teachers by administrators. Curricula were designed in board rooms and administrative offices which is to say at a great remove from children in the classroom. In so doing, it eliminated the eliciting form of teaching that needs for moral development of patriotism and supports teaching as an inculcation measure. To employ a developmental model, the paramount question for a child is "what shall 1 receive", gut whit adolescence, the pressing question must become "What shall 1 do?". In this light, the exchange of a productive for recipient orientation should be quite evidently the aim of moral education for patriotism.

The election is certainly the most important procedure in democracy political organization. It is the essence of an election that an elector chooses a candidate, has him planned and executed policy and evaluates the result. Therefore, although rational vote is actually realized by such method. Meanwhile, electors voted based on a sense of togetherness by regionalism, financial influence, an area, school connections as the standard of selecting a political party and a candidate in a South Korea election. Moreover, since candidates’s policies and election pledges are announced thoughtlessly without calculating budget and realizability, it made electors hand to select an candidate it ann also made a vote corrupt as much as the regionalism or plutocracy. Based on such an awareness of the issues, the manifesto was chosen in order to make a policy oriented by the evaluation to a campaign pledge in 2006. Manifesto makes electors evaluate a candidate’s pledge easily by indicating the taget, priority, period, fairness, budget etc on a numerical value when political party and a candidate presents the campaign pledges of the election. It is the election tool which electors can evaluate subsequently whether the campaign pledge was realized and can utilize it for the following election.

The purpose of this paper is to answer to the question that how the leader of an organization can creatively solve his (or her) problems under the rapidly changing circumstances of knowledge-based society. Before arguing how to embody creative leadership, it explains the meaning of leadership compared with management and presents what creativeness means. Then it shows why creative leadership is necessary in the 21 st century of knowledge and information society. In the third section, it identifies six elements of leadership and then explains how to realize creative leadership element by element. It is a theoretical work, previous stage of an empirical research. Theoretical framework presented here must be useful in evaluating how much an organizational leader exercises creative leadership, comparing and identifying who is the most creative leader among several leaders, and analyzing the reasons why an organization fails to achieve its goals in the aspect of leadership.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of self-support programs on the basis of participants’ income change and program satisfaction. For this purpose, we ran a t-test and a multiple regression analysis on the dependent variables of income change & participants’ satisfaction before and after participating self-support program. The participants' data set is from the "Study of Self-Support Program of low-income class", which is based on the panel data of 750 households from the first year to the third year. The dependent variables are the rate of income change of participants' and the degree of participants’ satisfaction. The independent variables are the types of self-support program. The variables such as gender, age, the level of education, the status of economic activity, the status of marriage, chronic disease, the period of participation in self-support programs are classified as control variable. A data set produced by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs is used to test the hypotheses. The result of this research is summarized as the followings. First, the labor market linking model compared with the labor support model significantly increased the income of the participants, while the model of human capital development significantly decreased the participants’ income. Second, each model compared with the model of labor support shows the following results in each area; model of occupation creation and the model of human capital development are more satisfactory in job hunting area; the model of occupation creation and the model of human capital development are more satisfactory in building participants’ job ability; the model of linking labor market and the model of occupation creation show lower satisfaction score in attaining psychological stability; the model of linking labor market results lower satisfaction in attaining self-esteem; the model of linking labor market and the model of occupation creation bring lower satisfaction score in helping make a living.

This study introduces the significance of a historical method in qualitative research. The historical method has been divided into the introductory and traditional steps and the knowledge and skills that researchers should be prepared for has been examined in each step. Furthermore, this study described the importance of combining the historical method with the various qualitative methods in the social welfare research which inclines toward utilizing the specific qualitative methods: the methods giving spontaneously answers to the cause and effect of the social phenomenon. A suggestion has been made in the possible alternatives incorporating the historical method to the various qualitative methods.