Organ abscission is a programmed cell separation process that results in the detachment of an entire organ from a plant. Our goal is to understand the signaling pathway that regulates this physiological process. The receptor-like protein kinase, HAESA (HAE), and its paralog, HAESA-like 2 (HSL2), are both expressed in the floral abscission zones in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function analyses of either gene do not show any phenotypical change, but the hae hsl2 double mutant shows an abscission-defect phenotype. Examination of the abscission zone by light and scanning electron microscopy showed that the abscission zone in the hae hsl2 appears structurally normal. The force required to remove the petals in wild type and hae hsl2 flowers was measured using a petal breakstrength meter. The force required to remove petals from the hae hsl2flowers at all stages of development was similar to that of wild type flowers that have not yet begun to abscise their petals. Taken together, these data support the role of HAE and HSL2 in the activation of cell separation, rather than differentiation of the abscission zone. Ethylene is also known to promote abscission; therefore we tested the ethylene-induced triple response and the effect of exogenous treatment on floral organ in the hae hsl2, revealing that HAE and HSL2 act independently of ethylene. This implies that the HAE is critical for floral abscission in concert with the action of HSL2.

Plant proteomic study requires a high-throughput separation to the detection and analysis of peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) to detect low abundant proteins. Together, efficient separation and MS can lead to the detection of thousands of plant proteins in a cell or tissue and help build proteome maps that can provide a global snap-shot of the cell or tissue status. Recently efficient separations based on the HPLC were introduced to allow deeper protein detection and improve throughput. For the HPLC based methods, Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and 1D-Gel-LC-MS/MS will be introduced. In MudPIT analysis, all proteins in a sample are digested into peptides before the separation step then the mixture of peptides are separated through the biphasic capillary column and sequentially eluted into the mass spectrometer and analyzed. 1D-Gel-LC-MS/MS separates protein samples in 1D-SDS-Gel then the proteins in each band were ingel-digested into peptides followed by peptides separation with Reverse Phase column and elution into the mass spectrometer. The main goal of this presentation is to introduce the recent protein separation and identification methods based on the HPLC coupled with MS analysis including conventional method of 2D-PAGE.

The dramatic increase in population accompanied by rapid industrialization in developing countries including China has caused imbalances in the supply of food and energy. To cope with these global crises over food and energy supplies as well as environmental problems, it is urgently required to develop industrial GM crops to be grown in marginal lands including desertification and polluted lands for sustainable agriculture. Recently we developed several tansgenic crops such as sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) expressing genes of both Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in the chloroplasts under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (SWPA2) promoter (referred to SSA plants). SSA plants showed a strong tolerance to oxidative stress caused bythe application of methyl viologen (MV, paraquat), a ROS-generating non-selective herbicide. SSA sweetpotato plants showed higher tolerance to chilling stress than non-transgenic (NT) plants, whereas SSA potato plants showed higher tolerance to high temperature. SSA sweetpotato plants showed a strong tolerance to the application of sulfur dioxide (500 ppb) compared to NT plants. Enhanced tolerance of transgenic crops expressing NDP kinase 2 in cytosols under SWPA2 promoter (SN plants) to environmental stress will be introduced. In addition, the strategies for sustainable agriculture in marginal areas will be discussed

ABSTRACT: Wide hybridization was used to broaden the gene pool of japonica rice. Different approaches involving direct crosses between four japonica cultivars and eight wild species in combination with anther culture, embryo rescue, and molecular markers were used to produce interspecific hybrids, advanced alien introgression lines, dihaploids, and characterization of alien introgression. Interspecific hybrids were produced between Jinmibyeo, Ilpumbyeo, and Hwaseongbyeo cultivars of rice (O. sativa, 2n=24 AA) and wild species, O. rufipogon (2n=24, AA), O. longistaminata (2n=24, AA), O. punctata (2n=24, BB), O. minuta (2n=48, BBCC), O. alta (2n=24, CCDD), including African rice species, O. glaberrima (2n=24, AA). Crosses involving species other than A genome were produced through embryo rescue and were sterile. Following backcrossing with the recurrent japonica parents, advanced progenies have been produced for transfer of alien genes into japonica rice. As results of yield trials, three elite lines were generated from this cross; they are "Suweon 487" with resistance to black streak dwarf virus, "Suweon 497" with blast and bacterial blight resistance and "Suweon 506" with blast resistance, emonstrating that wild species genes have now become important component of japonica rice breeding.

Encouraging progress in the mutation breeding has been achieved since a mutation induction has become increasingly important for a cultivar development for complex reproductive or propagating modes, the creation of new genetic resources, especially for crops with a narrow genetic base, and the use of mutants for a genomics study. In Korea, more than 35 cultivars have been released by using the mutation breeding method since the mid-1960s, and the released cultivars were mostly developed (76%) by exposing to radiations (gamma and/or X-ray). Most of the released mutant cultivars (74%) in Korea were food and oil seed crops, especially for improving agronomic traits such as yield, lodging tolerance, maturity, or functional compounds. Currently a high yield potential of cultivated crop cultivars is relatively less popular than before, but the expectation of value-added crops, from the farmer’s side, is in high demand. Accordingly, the mutation breeding program in Korea has assigned more resources to other crop species, including some flowering and ornamental plants. These flowering and ornamental plants are ideal systems for a mutation breeding because their favored traits such as flower color or shape or plant architecture can be visually monitored after a mutagenic treatment. Additionally, these plant species are genetically heterozygous and often propagated vegetatively, which allows for an isolation and selection of mutants within M1 generation. In Korea, a program for the development of potential cultivars of flowering and ornamental crops was launched with financial support from the Biogreen 21 project in RDA. Thisintegrated program which will be conducted by a diverse array of experts will focus on major flowering and ornamental crops in Korea such as rose, chrysanthemum, lily, carnation, orchids, and clover. The potential outcomes from the program will be new highly valued-added cultivars which will provide greater money gains to Korean farmers and lots of valued mutants used for a gene isolation of interest and reverse genetics or functional genomics. Appropriate strategies should be implemented to complete its goals successfully, which includes a)induction of a wide mutant spectrum, b)applications of new irradiation techniques, c)unraveling the complex genetic phenomena controlling mutant traits, and d)development of a mass production and an intensive export system for the developed cultivars.

The MYB transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of many secondary metabolites at the transcriptional level. We evaluated the possible roles of the Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB transcription factor genes in flavonoid biosynthesis as they are induced by UV-B irradiation but are largely unexplored in terms of their associated phenotypes. We found that one member of this gene family, AtMYB60, inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in the lettuce plant. Wild type lettuce normally accumulates anthocyanin, predominantly cyanidin and traces of delphinidin, and develops a red pigmentation. However, the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in AtMYB60 overexpressing lettuce was inhibited. We further found a complete absence of DFR transcripts in AtMYB60 overexpressing lettuce, whereas other biosynthetic genes in the anthocyanin metabolism pathway were expressed. To provide genetic tools the regulation of seed color of rapeseed which has been target for fuel, AtMYB was overexpressed in rapeseed. Transgenic plants showed lighter seed color and improved tolerance to abiotic stress than the wild type plants. The elucidation of the roles of the AtMYB60 transcription factor will facilitate further studies and provide genetic tools to better understand the regulation in plants of the genes controlled by the MYB-type transcription factors.

In this study, a 141 BC3F4 lines from across between the O. sativa cv. Milyang23 as there current parent, and O. glaberrima as the donor parent was used to identify favorable QTL alleles from O. glaberrima for yield and yield components. To detect the introgressions, 198 microsatellite markers of known chromosomal position were used for the parental survey. Of the 178 markers, 128 (64.6%) showed polymorphism. Among them, 115 SSR markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map with average interval length of 12.7 cM based on the previous rice molecular genetic map. The mean number of O. glaberrima segments in the population was 1.84 ranging from 0 to 7. The average length of the segments was 16.6 cM and ranged from 0.5 to 232.5 cM. This population consisting of 141 lines was used to evaluate for six traits of agronomic importance and genotypes were determined for 141 BC3F5 using SSR markers. A total of 22 QTLs for 6 traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. Phenotypic variance associated with each QTL ranged 9.5% ~ 58.2%. For 26 of the QTLs identified in this study, the O. glaberrima alleles contributed a desirable agronomic effect despite the over all undesirable characteristics of the wild phenotype. Favorable wild alleles were detected for culm length, panicle length, yield, panicles per plant and 1000-grain weight. When compared with previous studies involving interspecific crosses, it can be concluded that O. glaberrima is useful asa source of valuable alleles for rice improvement. There sults will be discussed.

In Korea, chilli pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a major vegetable crop. The pepper seed market is about $35 million and the whole sale market including processed products is equivalent to $2 billion, representing the second highest market value among crops, next to rice in Korea. Since the development of elite pepper variety is so competitive, vegetable seed companies usually run two important programs to keep the credibility of seed quality. One program is to deliver F1 hybrid seeds with a high purity test to farmers. The purity control of parents and F1 hybrid to avoid any contamination is conducted by DNA markers because pepper seeds are obtained using MS line. The other program is to identify the F1 variety from other varieties by analyzing the polymorphism so that the company and/or breeder protects the intellectual property from copying by others or from non-intentional contamination. We have developed about 900 EST-SSR sets from pepper and used to both programs. A total of 66 markers were selected to identify 32 F1 varieties and their own parents. Using these markers, the purity control of F1 hybrid rose up to the highest degree. We also found several SSR markers to distinguish F1 variety from other varieties and these markers could be useful to find the uniqueness of F1 cultivar.

We isolated wound-inducible genes using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and were able to obtain to clone w123 gene encoding dnaJ like protein. The full-length cDNA of w123 is 689 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 163 amino acid (aa). Genomic southern blot confirmed that soybean genome has two copies of w123 gene. Northern blot analysis was also carried out for the gene expression during heat, NaCl, drought, wounding stresses. The expression of w123 gene specifically induced by heat, NaCl, wounding and drought stress. Using GFP fusion vector, w123-smGFP was targeted both to nucleus. For the functional analysis of w123, His-tagged w123 recombinant protein was heterologously expressed in E. coli. The w123 recombinant cells showed enhanced heat tolerance compared to that of vector control cells. We suggest that dnaJ-like w123 protein function as molecular chaperone in the nucleus of the plant cell during various stresses.

The wheat-rye translocation lines have been agriculturally developed for the resistance to the biotypes of Hessian fly as a major insect pest of wheat. In order to compare the proteomic profiles between ‘Coker797’ (non-2RL), ‘Hamlet’ (2RL), and near-isogenic line (NIL) carrying 2RL, we evaluated the protein extraction and preparation methods for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach. The tissues such as leaves, stems, and roots from three wheat-rye lines were extracted by following trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone precipitation. In a preliminary proteome analysis, a commonly expressed protein in Hamlet and NIL strain was identified as methionine synthase annotated in Hordeum vulgare subsp. The present study will provide the experimental guideline for the proteomic study of other useful crop plant tissues.

Proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway most likely play a protective function from pathogens and UV light exposure within the plant and, in addition, act as signal molecules in plant-microbe interactions. The metabolites are now attracting attention because of the medicinal and nutritional values due to their antioxidant properties and flavors. Three independent loci (I, R, and T) control pigmentation of the seed coats determined by proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins in soybean (Glycine max). The I locus controls distribution of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pigments, which in its dominant form exhibits homology-dependent gene silencing leading to a yellowish seed coat. The R and T genes determine the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin products and specific seed coat color such as black, imperfect black, brown, or buff. The I and T loci have been cloned. The objectives of this study were to develop PCR-based molecular markers cosegregating with the genetic loci controlling the biosynthesis of these interesting metabolites using public soybean EST and genomic sequence data and is to develop molecular markers to establish a marker-assisted selection scheme for these natural products-related traits. A population of 112 F11 recombinant inbred lines generated by an interspecific cross between a Glycine max line 'Hwangkeumkong' and a G. soja Siebold & Zucc. line ‘IT182932' was used to construct a frame map consisting of 20 soybean linkage groups. The frame map contains over 300 SSR, RAPD and transposon markers. PCR-based molecular markers cosegregating with the I and T loci that control pigmentation of the seed coats determined by secondary metabolites derived from the flavonoid pathway including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in soybean have been developed. We have developed three SSR cosegregating with the I locus and one codominant STS and one SNP markers cosegregating with the T locus. So far, we have developed SSR, SNP, and STS markers cosegregating with the I locus and with the T locus. Work is in progress to develop markers cosegregating with other genetic loci. The markers will facilitate markers-assisted selection of seed coat colors in molecular breeding programs.

The pollen grain is a unique tricellular structure suitable for the delivery of the sperm cells to the ovule. All nutrients required for microspore and pollen cell growth are derived by passage through the anther locule and secretion by the tapetum lining. During later stages the tapetum degenerates but contributes to produce pigments, waxes, lipids and proteins which form the pollen coat and function in signaling between male (pollen) and female (pistil) tissues. The development of both normal pollen and tapetum is necessary for the fertilization processes in rice and would be exploited for the induction of male-sterility which is very useful to improve economic value of crops. We aredeveloping new approaches using a conditional male-sterility for the F1 hybrid seed production in rice. The conventional three parental systems for F1 hybrid seed production requirethe following three lines: male-sterile line, maintainer line, and restorer line. In this system, a critical requirement is to maintain the male-sterile inbred lines. Here we suggest molecular approaches, in which the engineered male-sterile plants are generated by regulating endogenous hormonal balance through the loss-of-function of genes. We can expect the male-sterility can be restored by exogenous applications of hormones such as gibberellin or jasmonic acid. Based on two parental systems, we will address the answer onfollowing question: how can we maintain a male-sterile line producing 100% male-sterile progenies without a maintainer? This work was supported by grants from Crop Functional Genomics Center of the 21C Frontier Program (CG1517), RepublicKorea.

We isolated low temperature inducible genes using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and were able to obtain to cloneMLT107 gene encoding peroxiredoxin and aminotransferase. The full-length cDNA of MLT107 is 1,049 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 261 amino acid (aa). Genomic southern blot confirmed that mungbean genome has two copies of MLT107 gene. Northern blot analysis was also carried out for the gene expression during ABA, NaCl, drought, wounding and H2O2 stresses. The expression of MLT107 gene significantly decreased by ABA, NaCl and drought stress, but wounding and H2O2 stress significantly induced MLT107 gene expression. Especially, H2O2 strongly induced the MLT107 gene expression. The expression of MLT107gene during low temperature stress started to increase in 3 h after treatment, and than slightly decreased and again increased at 24 h. Using GFP fusion vector, smGFP-MLT107 was targeted both to mitochondria and chloroplast. However, it was mostly targeted to mitochondria and partially targeted to chloroplast. For the functional analysis of MLT107, MLT107 recombinant protein was heterologously expressed in E.coli. The MLT107 recombinant cells showed enhanced antioxidant activity compared to that of vector control cells.

고추(Capsicum annuum)에서 세포질웅성불임성(cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS)의 회복은 하나의 주동 회복유전자(restorer-of-fertility, Rf)와 몇 개의 불임성 변경 유전자(sterility-modifying genes)에 의해 조절된다고 보고된다. 또한 온도에 의해 불임성이 불안정하게 된다는 보고도 있다. 이 중 본 연구에서는 고추의 불완전 임성회복(partial restoration, pr) 현상에 관한 원인을 규명하고 이와 연관된 분자표지를 개발하려고 하였다. 고추의 불완전 임성회복은 웅성불임(S)세포질을 가졌을 때만 나타나는 현상이고, 정상적인 화분량을 보이는 완전 임성회복(S, Rf/Rf)과 정상적인 화분이 전혀 생성되지 않는 안정한 웅성불임(S, rf/rf)의 중간 표현형으로 나타난다. 또한 불완전 임성회복의 화분은 정상과 비정상이 서로 엉켜 붙은 채 개약 후에도 약벽에서 잘 떨어지지 않는 특성을 가지고 있다. 완전 임성회복(Pr/Pr)은 불완전 임성회복(pr/pr)에 대해서 우성이며. 두 개의 F2 분리집단에서 완전 임성회복(Pr/_)과 불완전 임성회복(pr/pr)이 3:1로 분리가 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. 이 분리집단을 이용하여 BSA-AFLP 방법으로 768개의 프라이머 조합을 실험한 결과 pr 유전자좌와 1.8 cM 정도 연관된 두 개의 AFLP 분자표지(E-AGC/M-GCA122와 E-TCT/M-CCG116)를 찾을 수 있었다. 이 중 E-AGC/M-GCA122를 공우성 분자표지인 CAPS 마커로 전환하였고 PR-CAPS라고 명명하였다. 또한 불완전 임성회복(pr)과 회복유전자(Rf)와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 기 보고된 세 개의 Rf 연관 분자표지(OPP13-CAPS, AFRF8-CAPS 및 CRF-SCAR)와 PR-CAPS의 연관분석을 수행하였는데 이들은 서로 아주 가깝게 연관되어 있었다. 또한 A(S, rf/rf), B(N, rf/rf) 및 C(Rf/Rf)를 포함한 91개의 고추 계통에 대해 PR-CAPS(640 bp)와 OPP13-CAPS(1180 bp) 염기서열을 비교분석한 결과 정확히 세 가지로 구분되었다. 이 결과들을 종합해 보면 불완전 임성회복(pr)은 회복유전자좌(Rf locus)의 또 다른 대립유전자라고 생각할 수 있다. 즉, Rf 유전자좌에는 웅성불임을 완전히 회복시키는 Rf와 부분적으로 회복시키는 Rfp 및 회복력이 없는 rf로 구성된다는 것이다. 따라서 pr 유전자를 Rfp (partial restorer-of-fertility)로 재명명하였다. 더 나아가 Rf 유전자좌의 세 개의 다른 대립유전자(Rf, rf 및 Rfp)를 구분할 수 있는 PR-CAPS(MseI과 SphI)와 OPP13-CAPS(HinfI과 BclI) 분자표지를 개발하였다. 이 분자표지는 다음과 같은 육종 과정에 선발마커(marker-assisted selection, MAS)로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다. (1) 시판 F1 품종의 자식후대로부터 새로운 웅성불임 계통(50%) 및 회복친 육성, (2) 기존 유지친 또는 회복친과 F1 품종과의 교잡을 통한 다양한 유지친 및 회복친 육성, (3) 기존 유지친과 회복친과의 교잡후대로부터 새로운 유지친 육성 및 (4) 기존의 안정한 계통과 불안정한 유지친 또는 회복친과의 여교잡을 통한 안정한 계통 육성 등

A phosphate starvation-induced acid phosphatase cDNA was cloned from the rice, Oryza sativa. The cDNA encoding O. sativa acid phosphatase (OsACP1) has 1100 bp with an open reading frame of 274 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of OsACP1 cDNA showed 53% identity to tomato acid phosphatase and 46-50% identity to several other plant phosphatases. OsACP1 expression was up-regulated in the rice plant and in cell culture in the absence of phosphate (Pi). The induced expression of OsACP1 was a specific response to Pi starvation, and was not affected by the deprivation of other nutrients. OsACP1 expression was responsive to the level of Pi supply, with transcripts of OsACP1 being abundant in Pi-deprived root. The OsACP1 cDNA was expressed as a 30 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. In addition, the OsACP1 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Functional expression of the OsACP1 gene in the transgenic Arabidopsis lines was confirmed by Northern blot and Western blot analyses, as well as phosphatase activity assays. These results suggest that the OsACP1 gene can be used to develop new transgenic dicotyledonous plants able to adapt to Pi-deficient conditions.

Heading date in rice is a complex trait that is governed by multiple genes and environmental factors, such as day-length, temperature, and soil conditions. The genetic studies using DNA markers have facilitated the genetic dissection of heading date and many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date have been identified using several mapping population. In a previous study, a new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date have been identified using several mapping population. In a previous study, a new for heading date was detected near SSR marker RM215 on chromosome 9 using an advanced backcross line, WH29001, developed by introgressing chromosomal segments from an accession of Oryzaminuta (2n=48, BBCC, Acc. No.101141)into the O. sativa subsp. japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo. The O. minuta allele of QTL contributed to an increase in heading date. To clarify whether dth9 could be dissected genetically, a high-resolution linkage mapping of dth9 was performed using alarge F2 population derived form the cross between one F4 plant which was homozygous for O.minuta in the target region RM5661-RM215 on chromosome9 and Hwaseongbyeo. Days to heading in the F2 population showed continuous variation rang form 102 to 113 days. The dth9 QTL further narrowed down at the interval between the SSR marker RM1553 and RM215 which was approximately 403kb in length based on the physical map of the region. The QTL for heading date(dth9) had not been detected in previous QTL studies between Oryza cultivars, indicating the existence of potentially novel alleles from O. minuta.

2005년 한 해 동안 기술공급을 위한 우리나라 총 연구개발비는 약24조 1천억 규모로 세계 7～8위 수준이나, 절대규모 면에서는 미국의 1/13(‘04년 기준), 일본의 1/6(‘03년 기준) 등으로 여전히 낮고 정부․공공부문 투자도 전체에서 차지하는 비중이 최근 5년간 조금씩 줄어 ‘05년 기준 24.3%로서 선진국과 차이를 보이고 있다. 또한 국가연구개발사업의 사업화 성공률은 30% 정도로 조사되고 있다. 기술공급은 크게 정부․공공부문과 민간부문 모두 담당하고 있다고 볼 수 있으나 민간부문의 기술공급은 기업의 자체 경쟁력 확보와 이윤창출이 목적이므로, 정부의 연구개발비를 바탕으로 국공립연구소와 출연연구소 및 대학이 수행한 연구개발결과는 기술이전 및 기술사업화에 적합한 기술공급원이 될 것이다. 기술공급자 관점의 기술이전은 연구개발 투자비와 이에 수반하는 기회이익을 금전적으로 회수하여 신규 투자재원으로 재활용할 수 있다. 특히 불특정 다수기업에 대한 기술확산을 통한 기업경쟁력 제고를 지원해야 하는 정부 출연연구소에 있어 기술이전 및 사업화는 정부의 국가연구개발사업 투자의 효율을 가늠하게 한다. 기술평가는 기술의 옥석을 구분해 자원을 배분하고 기업의 생산성을 높여주며 자칫 사장될 수 있는 우수기술을 발굴해서 신산업 창출을 가속화하는 데 기여하게 한다. 특히 정부의 기술이전·사업화 관련 정책은 초기 단계의 기술을 사업화하는 것에 역점을 두고 이는 기술창업 활성화를 통해 국가 기술경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 것이다. 문제는 초기 단계의 기술을 사업화하는 경우 많은 위험을 관리해야 하는 안정장치가 필요한데 이런 차원에서 기술평가가 이루어진다는 공감대가 요구된다. 일반적으로 기술평가는 평가결과를 나타내는 방법에 따라 기술력평가, 기술사업성평가 및 기술가치평가로 구분하고 있다. 즉 기술평가는 사업화를 통해 발생할 수 있는 기술의 경제적 가치를 등급 또는 점수, 가액으로 표현하는 것이며 사업을 영위하는 데 필요한 기술 외에 생산설비, 원자재, 시설 등의 제품을 생산하는데 필요한 물적․기술적 요소를 파악하는 것이다. 또 기술가치평가는 개별기술의 가치를 금전적으로 측정한 것 즉 특정기술이 기업의 수익에 공헌할 수 있는 잠재력을 화폐금액으로 산정한 가치로서 기술이전, 기술출자, M&A 등에 필요한 기술가치를 구체적인 금액으로 환산하는 것이다. 기술가치평가의 목적에 따라 다양한 접근이 가능하므로 적합한 방법을 선택하는 것이 중요한 데, 기술로부터 발생하는 미래현금흐름의 현재가치의 합으로 평가하는 수익접근법, 기술을 개발하는 데 소요되는 비용을 추정하는 비용접근법, 그리고 시장에서 거래되는 유사기술의 매매가격(시장가치)을 추정하는 시장접근법 등이 활용되고 있다. 현 상황에서 국내 개발기술의 사업화에 있어 기술평가의 활성화를 이루는 데는 기술성 위주의 평가 외에 기술의 사업화 성공 가능성과 수익창출능력을 평가하기 위한 기술의 시장성 및 사업성 측면에서의 평가가 중요하다고 본다. 이를 위해 개발기술의 기술성, 시장성 및 사업성을 평가할 수 있는 평가전문가를 체계적으로 양성하는 것이 필요하며, 기술평가 및 가치평가의 결과를 신뢰하여 기술이전, 기술투자, 기술출자, 기술담보 등의 사업화에 필요한 후속 단계가 진행되어져야 한다. 기술사업화가 활성화되도록 신뢰할 수 있는 평가모형과 사업화에 연계될 수 있는 제도가 필요하다.

Objective The aim of this work was to ascertain whether the memory disturbance following scopolamine administration and the neuroprotective effect of could be evidenced in global cerebral ischemia by evaluating improved cognitive capacity in the rats. Materials and Methods Neuronal cell density was measured by counting viable cells in the left and right CA1 regions of three coronal sections of 30 um. Behavior test; Acquisition deficits after ischemia.. Use passive avoidance test. Results Neuroprotective effect of GB at 100mg/kg is 87.3%. Representative photomicrographs of cresyl violet-stained hippocampal regions of either sham-operated animals(A,B) or animals that had been subjected to 10 min ischemia followed by the treatment with either saline (C,D) or 100mg/kg of Ginkgo biloba (E,F). Boxed regions in A, C, and E are shown in B, D, and F, respectively. The 10 min ischemia caused selective and delayed neuronal cell loss in the hippocampal CA1 region (C,D). In contrast, GB treatment conferred neuroprotection by markedly reducing the number of damaged pyramidal cells in the CA1 subfield (E,F). Scale bar is 100 um. Effect of GB on scopolamine induced memory deficits in the passive avoidance test. At 30 min after trainining trials, scopolamine(1mg/kg i.p.) or the same volume of saline was administered to rats. At 30 min after scopolamine injection, the rats were treated with GB(100mg/kg). Acquisition trials were carried out 30 min after GB treatment. At 24 hr after acquisition trials, the test trials were carried out. Data represents mean ± SEM (n=6).

Introduction The ginseng saponin (ginsenoside) is one of the most important secondary metabolites in ginseng and hasvarious pharmacological activities. To date about 38 kinds of ginsenosides have been isolated and identified from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Among these ginsenosides, Rg3 is a precursor for ginsenoside Rh2, which has a very strong antitumor effect. and has many pharmaceutical activities. However, Rg3 is extremely low in normal ginseng. Thus production of ginsenoside Rg3 would be very important and many studies have aimed to convert major ginsenosides to the more active minor ginsenoside Rg3. The enzymatic conversion through sugar hydrolysis at a specific position is desirable for the production of active minor ginsenoside Rg3. Material and Method The isolation of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms was performed according to a previously published method. Each microbialsuspension cultured in nutrient broth was added to the same volume of 1 mM ginsenoside Rb1 solution and then incubated on a rotary shaker at 30°C for 48 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with butanol saturated with H2O and then analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). 8 μl of the ginseng extract solution was spotted on a TLC plate and developed to 5.5 cm distance in a chamber with chloroform/methanol/water as the mobile phase. Bands on the TLC plates were detected by spraying 10% H2SO4, followed by heating. Result and Discussion Ginseng(the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliaceae) is frequently used as a crude substance taken orally in Korea, China and Japan, as well as other Asian countries, as a traditional medicine. Ginsenosides are the principal components having pharmacological and biological activities. More than 38 different ginsenosides so far have been isolated and identified from ginseng saponins. Among them, deglycosylated ginsenosides are known to be more effective in vivo physiological action and to act as active compounds. A lactic acid bacteria, which have β-glucosidase activity, were isolated from soil and kimchi using a MRS-Esculin agar. These strains were identified on the basis of phylogenetic inference based on 16S rDNA sequences. TLC and HPLC were used to analysis transformed ginsenosides. Ginsenosides are main pharmacoactive component in ginseng. When ginseng was orally administered, the absorption of ginsenosides from the gastrointestinal tract are extremely low. In order to improve oral bioavailability, transforming major ginsenosides into more active minor ginsenoside is very important. Caulobacter leidyia GP45 and Micro- bacterium esteraromaticum GS514 were isolated from ginseng field for converting major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides. In the co-culture of strain GP45 and GS514 with ginsenoside Rb1, produced compound K and ginsenoside Rg3 individually. The transformation pathway of ginsenoside Rb1 were confirmed Rb1⟶Rd⟶F2⟶compound K and Rb1⟶Rd⟶Rg3.

연구 목표 ○ 약용 또는 식용으로 이용이 많은 식방풍 대상의 한반도 남해안 식생구조 연구가 미흡한 실정에 따라 군집단위를 중요시하는 종조성표(floristic composition table)의 분류법과 종개체군(species population)의 환경요인을 중요시하는 배열법(ordination)을 모두 적용해 한반도 남해안의 식방풍군락군에 대한 자생지 식생구조를 파악함으로써 자원식물의 생육특성은 물론 적정 재배기술의 기초자료로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보여 수행했다. 조사 및 방법 ○ 조사는 한반도 남해안의 서쪽 목포(북위 34˚40´)와 동쪽 양산(35˚10´) 이남에 자라는 식방풍과 그 군락을 대상으로 2005년 9월부터 2006년 9월까지 10차례에 걸쳐 실시했으며, 식생분석은 조사구(방형구, releve) 56지점에 대한 Braun-Blanquet(1964)의 측도와 Hill(1994)의 유집분석(cluster analysis)과 요인분석(factor analysis)으로 군락을 구분했다. 결과 및 고찰 ○ 식방풍군락군의 식생은 크게 억새군락(Miscanthus sinensis community)과 갯까치수영-돌가시나무군락(Lysimachia mauritiana-Rosa wichuraiana community)으로 구분되었으며, 억새군락은 하위단위의 밀사초군락(Carex boottiana community)과 땅채 송화군락(Sedum oryzifolium community)으로 분류됐다(Table 1). ○ 환경요인의 배열법에 따른 식방풍군락군의 분포는 억새군락이 내륙육지에서부터 해안선 근처까지 넓었고, 갯까치수영-돌가시나무군락은 건조하고 햇빛이 있는 곳에 분포했다. 대륙해안과 도서해안별 분포는 억새군락이 도서해안이었고 갯까치수영-돌가시나무군락이 대륙해안이었다(Fig. 1). ○ 식물사회학적 종조성표의 군락분류는 요인분석과 유집분석과도 일치하거나 유사했으며, 식방풍의 자생지 생육은 해안선 방향의 완만한 양지에서 양호했다.