The objective of this study was investigate the superovulation treatment and to relate concentrations of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in Hanwoo donors. Thirty six, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg PGF2α was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received 100 μg GnRH at the time of 1st insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. Cows with BUN ＜10, 11～18 and ≥19 mg/dl had return of estrus of 34.6, 30.5 and 30.4 days respectively. Return of estrus after superovulation treatment was not significantly lower for cows with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) above 10 mg/dl than for cows with BUN below 10 mg/dl. Cows with BUN ＜10, 11～18 and ≥19 mg/dl had number of transferable embryos of 3.2±1.2, 5.4±1.9 and 4.1±2.1 respectively.

This studies were conducted to investigate the survival rate of frozen-thawed spermatozoa of Jindo Dog by monosaccharide and freezing rates. Experimental animals were prepared 12 males within 1~8 year's old and collected once in a couple of weeks by digital manuplation methods. Collected semen was diluted 1:1 with Tris-egg yolk extender and added 4, 6 or 8% of glycerol and none, 4 mM glucose or 4 mM fructose as cryoprotectant and was equilibrated for 2 hrs in . In monosaccharide groups, the freezing rate was 5 cm-5 min. above . The survival rates without monosaccharide were , , in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively. In addition of glucose, the survival rates were , , in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively and in fructose, were , , in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively. There showed significantly different between glycerol groups and monosaccharides groups (p<0.05). The survival rates of freezing rate in 5 cm-5 min. group was , , and in 10 cm-10 min. group was , , in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively. There were significantly different between freezing rates (p<0.05). These results suggest that the addition of fructose with 6%-glycerol and slow freezing improve the survival of frozen-thawed sperm in Jindo Dog.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of abnormal ovarian cycles after superovulation treatment of Hanwoo donors. Thirty six, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received GnRH at the time of Ind insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The cows were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if followed by regular ovarian cycles. 50.0 percentage of the cows (18/36) had normal resumption of ovarian cyclicity (resumption within 40 days after superovulation), and 50.0% (18/36) had delayed resumption(resumption did not occur until>40 days after superovulation). Delayed resumption Type II (first ovulation did not occur until 40 days after superovulation, i.e. delayed first ovulation 33.3%) were the most common types of delayed resumptions. The mean numbers of total ova from < 10 and 10 of corpora lutea (CL) was 7.3 and 13.9, respectively. The number of transferable embryos differed between < 10 and 10 CL was 4.2 and 5.1, respectively. 11.1 percentage of the cows (4/36) did not resumption their ovarian cyclicity until 60 days after superovulation treatment.

Oxygen consumption has been regarded as a useful indicator for assessment of mammalian embryo quality. However, there was no standard criterion to measure the oxygen consumption of embryos. Here, we measured oxygen consumption of bovine embryos at various developmental stages was measured using a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We found that the oxygen consumption significantly increased in blastocyst-stage embryos compared to other stage embryos (from 2-cell-stage to morula-stage), indicating that oxygen consumption reflects the cell number ( versus , p<0.05). In the morula-stage embryos, the oxygen consumption of in vivo derived embryos was significantly higher than that of in vitro produced embryos ( versus , p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in consumption of oxygen by in vivo and in vitro-derived bovine blastocyst-stage embryos (p>0.05). In the frozen-thawed blastocyst-stage embryos, live embryos showed significantly higher oxygen consumption than dead embryos ( versus , p<0.05). These results indicate that the measuring oxygen consumption by SECM can be used to evaluate bovine embryo quality.

The aim of present experiment was to examine commercial synthetic extender(AndroMed) for semen cryopreservation of Korean Black Bull. Semen was collected from a Korean Black Bull using an artificial vagina and transported to the laboratory. The semen was diluted 1:1 by AndroMed. The pellect was diluted to final sperm concentration of by doubling in every 10 minutes at cold chamber. The semen was equilibrated for 1 hr at cold chamber and packed to 0.5 ml straw. The semen straws were located above 5 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, above 5 cm for 10 minutes and above 10 cm for 10 min. And then the frozen straw was plunged to . The presented straws were examined the viability and motility after thawed at water bath. Hanwoo semen was used as KPN (Korea Proven Bull Number) in this experiment. The survival rates was significantly higher in fresh semen than frozen semen (). However, the motility rates was similar (80.7% and 66.4%). The survival and motility rates were higher in 5cm, 10 min treatment group than the other two groups in straw-located height and duration above ( and 70.7% vs, 33.18% and vs, 30.14% and 65.7%, respectively). The development rates to cleavage was higher in Black Cow than Hanwoo semen (62.2%, 64.4%), However, The development rates to blastocyst was higher in Hanwoo than Black cow semen (25.9%, 23.0%). In conclusion. The present results that acceptable fertilization and cryopreservation could be obtained by in vitro fertilization with frozen-thawed semen using a synthetic semen extender (AndroMed).

This study was carried out to investigate the effective genetic resources preservation system using the frozen boar semen. The porcine oocytes were matured for 44 hours in NCSU-23 medium with or without 10% Porcine Follicle Fluid (PFF), 0.5 porcine FSH, 0.5 equine LH, 1.0 17 -estradiol () and 10 ng/ml Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) under mineral oil at in humidified atmosphere of 5% in air. After 44 h of culture, the oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and fresh semen prepared with mTBM medium for 6 h. Later, set of 50 presumptive zygotes were transferred into 4-well dish (500 ) of IVC medium. for embryos freezing, slow-freezing and vitrification methods were used as a cryopreservation. Differences among treatments were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure by SAS Package (version 6.12) differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Following IVF and IVC, the rates of cleavage and blastocysts formation were significantly higher (p<0.05) in hormone supplemented group than that of hormone-free group (25.7 vs, 12.1). The development rates to cleavage and blastocysts were significantly higher in PZM-5 group than NCSU-23 group (60.3%, 46.6% vs 27.4%, 11.1%). Further improvement was achieved when PZM-5 was supplemented with FBS. Cleavage rates was significantly higher in fresh semen source group than frozen semen (66.7% vs 43.7%). However in blastocysts rates was similar two groups. Post-thaw survival rates of embryos were 1.2% and 2.2% in slow-frezing and vitrification groups, respectively. The results of our study suggest that it is still possible to improve the culture conditions and boar semen cryopreservation for enhance reproductive technology and animal genetic resources conservation.

It is not easy for porcine embryos produced by in vitro systems to develop into blastocysts with high quality. To solve this problem, many researchers have developed novel culture methods. However, the formation of blastocysts with high quality is still low. In this study, we aimed to produce piglet following transfer of in vitro produced early embryos ( cell stage embryos) or morula and blastocyst. The cell stage embryos were transferred to five estrus-synchronized recipients (200 embryos per recipient). One of the five sows farrowed three piglets, which contain two live piglets and one dead piglet, 114 days after embryo transfer. However, two recipients transferred with morula and blastocysts did not farrow. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that the genomic DNA of two live piglets were not genetically identical to that of the recipient. These results indicate that it is possible to obtain piglets by transfer of early embryos produced by in vitro production (IVP) systems.

본 연구에서 돼지 난포란에서 채취된 난모 세포들을 체외성숙 후 형태적으로 선별하거나 극체 방출란을 선별하여 활성화 처리 후 48시간째에 분할란을 선별할 때 배발달율이 어느정도 향상되는지를 검토하였다. 난모 세포를 48시간 성숙 배양 후 형태적 선별과 극체의 방출 유무를 검사하고, 선별된 난모 세포들을 시간 추가 배양한 후 7% ethanol로 활성화시키고 cytochalasin B에 5시간 노출 후 PZM-5 배 양액으로 7일간 배양하였으며, 배양 중

본 연구는 염소 액상 정액의 활용에 적합한 희석액을 검토하여, 국내 염소 인공수정 실용화를 위한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위하여 실시되었다. 두 마리의 흑염소 수컷으로부터 전기 자극법으로 정액을 채취하였다. 채취된 정액은 BTS로 희석하여 500g에서 5분간 원심분리하여 정장을 제거하고, BTS, Modena, Triladyl로 희석하여 냉장고나 온장고에서 8일간 보관되었다. BTS와 Modena로 희석된 정자의 운동성은 하루 만에 소멸되었으며, BTS로

석탄계 핏치의 열처리 온도 및 압력에 따른 결정화도와 기공도 그리고 산화저항성 등을 관찰하였으며, hexagonal type 4D 탄소/탄소 복합재를 석탄계 핏치로 가압함침 및 탄화시킨 다음 가해준 압력이 고밀도화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 석탄계 핏치의 가압탄화 압력이 흑연화도에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 기공면적비에 있어서는 압력을 600bar로 상승시켜 줌으로써 상압 처리한 경우 보다 1.5배 정도 감소 하였다. 650˚C까지 열처리하여 얻은 코우크스의 산화반응 개시온도는 처리압력이 증가함에 따라서 지연되었다. 탄소/탄소 복합재의 함침압력을 100bar에서 600bar로 상승시켜 줄 경우 밀도 증가율이 크게 향상 되었으며 기공도는 감소하였다.

본 연구는 2019년 영화진흥위원에서 발표한 국내 영화산업에서 BIG 5(롯데컬처웍스, 씨제이이앤엠㈜, ㈜넥스트엔터테인먼 트월드(NEW), ㈜쇼박스, 메가박스중앙㈜플러스엠)로 불리는 국내 영화제작 및 투자배급사의 리더 필름 영상에 관한 연구로, 국내 5대 영화배급사의 리더 필름 영상을 선행연구를 바탕으로 영상의 비주얼메타포의 적합성, 비주얼메타포의 이해도, 영상의 호감도, 영상의 브랜드 인지도, 영상의 주목효과로 구분하였고 이에 대한 비주얼 메타포 효과를 검증하였다. 분석결과 회사별 리더 필름 영상의 은유적 표현의 적합성은 리더 필름 영상별 차이를 발견할 수 없었지만, 영상의 이해도, 영상의 호감도, 브랜드 인지도, 영상의 주목도에서는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 영상의 이해도는 메가박스중앙㈜플 러스엠과 씨제이이앤엠㈜이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 영상의 호감도와 브랜드 인지도에서는 NEW와 롯데컬처웍스 순으로 높게 나타났다. 그리고 영상의 주목도에서는 씨제이이앤엠㈜와 NEW순으로 높게 나타났다. 최종적으로 ㈜넥스트엔터테인 먼트월드(NEW)의 리더 필름 영상이 비주얼메타포의 표현효과가 가장 높았으며, 메가박스중앙㈜플러스엠의 리더 필름 영상이 비주얼메타포의 표현효과가 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 리더 필름 영상제작을 논의하고 영상디자인의 실무적 시사점을 제안하였다.

In order to improve the traffic congestion on the road, it is essential to construct overpasses and highways in big cities. In particular, in order to facilitate traffic flow within the overpass route, it is necessary to construct a curved bridge because the plane shape of the bridge itself must be aligned with the road alignment. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a precast PSC curved girder of concrete hollow box type with excellent bending moment, shear force and torsional moment resistance, and perform performance evaluation by structural test to confirm applicability to curved bridge.

2000년대 이후의 한국영화산업은 동 시대의 사회적 문화적 현상과 시대적 상황, 그리고 디자인 경향을 모두 경험 할 수 있는 대중 매체라 볼 수 있다. 이로 인해 단일 영화관객 수가 천만 영화의 탄생이 일상화된 지금 2017년 우리나라 총 영화 관객수는 2억 1,987만 명으로 전년 대비 1.3% 증가했다. 본 연구는 국내 영화제작사의 리더 필름에 관한 연구로, 역대 국내에서 개봉한 천만관객을 달성한 15개의 상업 영화 제작사의 리더 필름 영상을 대상으로 영상디자인 표현에 대해 살펴보았다. 영화 리더 필름의 특성을 반영하여 구성요소인, 이미지, 애니메이션형식, 사운드의 속도, 사운드의 형식, 브랜드 로고의 서체와 표현 형식, 영상의 길이로 구분하여 리더 필름 영상의 흥미도에 관해 분석하였다. 사례분석 결과 이미지의 경우 실사이미지와 그래픽이미지를 함께 사용하였을 경우 흥미도가 가장 높았으며, 애니메이션(2D+3D에니메이션), 사운드의 속도(빠르고 역동적인 /보통속도의 균일적인 사운드), 사운드의 형식(효과음+배경음), 브랜드로고(로고체와 고딕계열), 영상의 길이(16초~20초)가 가장 흥미도가 높게 나왔다. 본 연구의 결론에는 연구결과의 요약과 시사점 그리고 본 연구의 한계점을 논의하고 향후연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

우리나라를 비롯한 세계적인 경제위기속에 한국도 예외는 아니며, 이러한 상황 속에 1인 창업, 소자본 창업 등 소상공인 자영업자간 경쟁이 치열하다. 정부지원사업의 일환인 소상공인진흥공단에서 시행하고 있는 협동조합 활성화사업은 소상공인들의 매출 극대화와 일자리창출을 통해 지역사회의 소상공인들의 경영성과에 영향을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 지역공동브랜드인 큐란 브랜드디자인 개발 사례의 전략적인 방법을 제안하고, 공동 브랜드디자인 전략수립에 필요한 브랜드 프로세스 모델을 바탕으로 공동브랜드 아이덴티티와 공동브랜드디자인에 대한 중요성과 브랜드디자인 개발에 있어 조형적인 요소와 심미적인 요소뿐만 아니라, 브랜드 이미지의 일관된 메시지를 통해 소비자에게 브랜드선호도를 높이는데 효과적임을 밝히려 한다. 큐란 공동브랜드디자인 개발 사례의 검증을 통해 연구자가 제안한 브랜드디자인 구축전략의 모델이 효과적인 브랜드디자인을 구축하기 위한 전략수립에 매우 유용한 도구임을 입증하였으며, 기업의 입장에서 명확하게 정립된 브랜드 디자인이 소비자에게 긍정적인 브랜드이미지의 전달과 소비자에게 선호도가 높은 브랜드로 포지셔닝 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.