Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related death in women, but the main biological causes remain open questions. Hormonal factors have been considered to be an important determinant causing ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and its analogs have clinically therapeutic value in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, numerous studies have shown that the potential of GnRH-II in normal reproductive system or reproductive disorder. GnRH-I receptors have been detected in approximately 80% of ovarian cancer biopsy specimens as well as normal ovarian epithelial cells and immortalized ovarian surface epithelium cells. GnRH-II receptors have also been found to be more widely expressed than GnRH-I receptors in mammals, suggesting that GnRH receptors may have additional functions in reproductive system including ovarian cancer. The signal transduction pathway following the binding of GnRH to GnRH receptor has been extensively studied. The activation of protein kinase A/C (PKA/PKC) pathway is involved in the GnRH-I induced anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, GnRH-I induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation plays a role in anti-proliferative effect and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and the activation of transcriptional factors related to cellular responses. However, the role of GnRH-I and II receptors, there are discrepancies between previous reports. In this review, the role of GnRH in ovarian cancer and the mechanisms to induce anti-proliferation were evaluated.
This study was carried out to collect the basic data about gestation lengths and offspring's birth weights and sex ratio of the dairy recipients transferred with Hanwoo IVF embryos. Blastocysts cultured for days were transferred to 96 and 167 heads for the basic data about gestation length and offspring's birth weight and sex ratio of the dairy recipients, respectively. The gestation lengths of the dairy recipients transferred with Hanwoo IVF embryos were () and () days in male and female of the offspring, respectively. The gestation lengths of the recipients were , , and days in spring, summer, autumn and winter of the calving season, respectively, and were significantly different among the calving season (p<0.05). The birth weights of male and female calves were () and ( kg in offsprings of the dairy recipients transferred with Hanwoo IVF embryos, respectively. The sex ratio was 90.7 in the offsprings of the dairy recipients transferred with Hanwoo IVF embryos.
This study was performed to elucidate the effects of addition of and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo production. The development rate to the 2 cell () and blastocyst stages () with different BSA concentrations in IVM medium were similar among treatment groups. Blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the control group (0.0mg/ml) than in the group of 1.0mg/ml supplement (20.0% vs. 0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell () and blastocyst stages () with different concentrations in IVM medium was similar among treatment groups. The development rate to the blastocyst was significantly higher in the group of 1.0mg/ml(15.3%) than in the group of 0.5mg/ml supplement (7.6%, p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell and blastocyst stages following the first addition of in IVM medium was significantly higher in the control group (77.0% and 18.9%) and was (77.2% and 16.9%) greater than that observed in other treatment groups (p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage () and blastocyst stages () with different BSA concentrations in IVC medium was similar among treatment groups. However, blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the group of 3.0mg/ml supplement (30.0%) than in the control group (0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage (), blastocyst () and hatching stages () were not different. The development rate to the 2 cell stage (), blastocyst () and hatching stages () at the different culture periods were similar among treatment groups. This study suggested that if the addition level and periods of addition are adjusted, it is possible to replace BSA in the in vitro porcine embryo production.
Prostaglandin () can facilitate release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland. The objective was to extend these findings and determine the effects of on sexual activity and semen collection training in sexually inexperienced boars. Boars (n=32; days of age) were moved individually once weekly to a semen collection room equipped with an artificial sow. Before entering the semen collection room, boar received i.m. treatments of at doses of 5 (n=8), 10 (n=8), or 20 (n=8), and control boar (n=8) were not treated. Reaction time (elapsed time after entering collection pen until the start of mounting) for boars receiving 5mg (), 10mg () was shorter (p<0.05) than for controls (). Duration of ejaculation (min) per session was longer (p<0.05) for (10 mg, 20 mg)-treated boars (, ), compared to control (). The number of training session per boars was less (p=0.056) for 10mg-treated boars (), compared to control (). Semen characteristic such as volume, concentration, the number of total ejaculated sperm, were similar for -treated and controls. There was no apparent difference on sperm movement characteristics (Mot: motility, VCL : curve linear velocity, VSL : straight line velocity, VAP : average path velocity, LIN : linearity) after semen preservation by collected with or without treatment. In summary, administration of in boars increased the sexual activity and facilitated the training boars to mount an artificial sow for semen collection, but did not affect semen characteristic.
본 연구는 고능력 유우 공란우의 이용 효율을 극대화하기 위하여 체내 수정란 생산을 위한 다배란 처리의 결과에 미치는 요인을 분석하여 안정적이고 효율적인 다배란 처리 방법을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 공란우의 다배란 처리는 발정 주기 일째 POLLTROPIN-V(Vetrepharm, Canada) 400mg NIH-FSH-P를 4일간 12시간 간격으로 감량법에 따라서 주사를 하였다. 호르몬 주사 6, 7회 째 황체 융해 및 발정 유도를 위하여 (
This study was carried out to evaluate the nuclear, cytoplasmic maturation and developmental potential of bovine oocytes selected by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) as indirect measurement of oocytes growth phase. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from 2 to 8 mm follicles from slaughterhouse Hanwoo ovaries. The COCs were divided into stained cytoplasm to blue (BCB+) and unstained (BCB-) according to their ooplasm BCB coloration stained by of BCB after 90 min. Selected COCs were cultured in a TCM 199 for 18 to 26 h. Nuclear maturation and total cell number was evaluated after in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) using Hoechst 33342, and cytoplasmic maturation was evaluated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) assay before (0 h) and after (24 h) IVM. The oocyte diameters were not differed significantly between BCB+ () and BCB+ () groups (p>0.05). However, the proportion of metaphase II oocytes in BCB+ group was significantly higher than BCB- group after IVM (p<0.05). GSH content of BCB+ group oocytes was significantly higher than that of BCB- group just after collection ( vs. , p<0.05), but not varied after IVM( and for BCB+ and BCB- respectively; p>0.05). The proportion of blastocyst formation and total cell number in BCB+ group (23.5% and ) was significantly higher than that in BCB- (9.8% and ; p<0.05). The results indicate that BCB+ group oocytes may provide a cellular and functional basis for the greater developmental competence in Korean Native Cow (KNC) oocytes.
This study was performed to investigate the possibility of repeated superovulation treatment at interval from 27 days to 41 days in Hanwoo cattle and to compare with superovulation effect between doses of FSH 200 mg and FSH 400 mg. Different doses of FSH (200 mg or 400 mg) were injected at Day 8 after controlled internal drug release (CIDR) treatment for superovulation of Hanwoo donors following CIDR treatment (Day 8 after the estrus). Superovulation was repeated four times for one donor and number of corpus luteum (CL), number of embryos, number of transferable embryos and pregnancy rate after embryo transfer (ET) were investigated. 5 cows were used for each FSH treatment (10 cows in total). Average number of CL were and for the donors treated with FSH 200mg and FSH 400mg, respectively. Average number of embryos collected were and for the donors treated with FSH 200 mg and FSH 400 mg, respectively. Average number of transferable embryos were and for the donors treated with FSH 200 mg and FSH 400 mg, respectively. The pregnancy rate following ET with embryos collected from 200 mg FSH treated donors and 400 mg FSH treated donors were 61.9% and 53.8% respectively. The numbers of embryos tended to be decreased as the numbers of repeat of superovulation were elapsed. These results indicated that superovulation treatment by about a month to Hanwoo donors is usable and 200 mg of FSH is preferable for simple FSH treatment following CIDR treatment.
본 연구는 한우의 난포낭종 및 황체낭종에서 세포자멸사 관련 유전자의 발현 변화를 조사함으로써 난소낭종과 세포자 멸사간의 관계를 정리하고자 한다. 마이크로어레이 분석 결과, 난포낭종에서 PIK3R2와 AKT1가 유의하게 증가하였고, 황체낭종에서는 증가되는 세포자멸사 관련 DEGs, TNF-RAF2, PRLR, FOXL2, STK4 및 COL4A3와 감소하는 DEGs, INHA, CIDEB, BCL10 및 FASLG가 포함되었다. 정량적 역전사 중합 효소
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cleavage pattern, its developmental ability and apoptosis of porcine embryo in vitro. Morphology data on a total of 919 embryos were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-eight hours after insemination, embryos were classified into five groups based on the cleavage state as follows; 1 cell, 2 cell, 4 cell, 5 to 8 cell and fragmentation. These groups were cultured another 120 hours and then evaluated for blastocyst formation. Blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher in 4 cell (42.5%) and 5 to 8 cell (48.6%) cleaving groups than in other groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, 2 cell and fragmentation groups produced 4.9% and 3,9% blastocysts, respectively. And we could verify that in the event of 2 cell block and fragmentation of embryo. To analyze the apoptotic frequency in preimplantation development of porcine IVF embryos, all cells of each blastocyst were performed by TUNEL assay. There were no significantly differences in the total cell numbers of embryos and apoptotic cell rate in blastocysts among the each classified groups. Data suggest that 4 cell and 5 to 8 cell cleaving embryos at 48 hour after insemination have high developmental competence, and may be an useful parameter to predict the development of preimplantation embryos and to study using preimplanation embryonic research.
It is not easy for porcine embryos produced by in vitro systems to develop into blastocysts with high quality. To solve this problem, many researchers have developed novel culture methods. However, the formation of blastocysts with high quality is still low. In this study, we aimed to produce piglet following transfer of in vitro produced early embryos ( cell stage embryos) or morula and blastocyst. The cell stage embryos were transferred to five estrus-synchronized recipients (200 embryos per recipient). One of the five sows farrowed three piglets, which contain two live piglets and one dead piglet, 114 days after embryo transfer. However, two recipients transferred with morula and blastocysts did not farrow. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that the genomic DNA of two live piglets were not genetically identical to that of the recipient. These results indicate that it is possible to obtain piglets by transfer of early embryos produced by in vitro production (IVP) systems.