본 연구는 우리나라 Holstein의 번식형질에 대한 유전모수를 추정하기 위하여, 2009년부터 2013년까지 분만한 농협 젖소개량사업소의 검정자료 경산우 144,793두의 211,899개의 번식기록을 이용하였다. 7가지 형질의 유전 및 오차 (공)분산을 WOMBAT 패키지를 이용하여 분석하였다. CTFS, GL, NRR, NS, FSTC, DO 및 CI의 유전력은 각각 0.064, 0.060, 0.005, 0.014, 0.012, 0.021 및 0.021로 추정되었다. 형질들 간의 유전상관은 –0.910에서 0.995로 나타났다. NRR과 NS, NRR과 FSTC 간에는 부의 유전상관이 나타났으나, DC와 CI는 강한 양의 유전상관을 나타냈다. CTFS와 FSTC는 DO 및 CI와 유의하게 양의 유전상관관계를 나타냈다(0.479~0.862). CTFS와 FSTC 사이의 낮은 유전상관은 두 형질이 서로 다른 유전적 측면에 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 번식능력 개량을 위한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 판단한다.

본 연구는 우리나라의 Holstein 암소의 주요 번식형질과 305 일 산유량과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 실시했다. NRR 56d 와 305 일 산유량과의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 2003 년부터 2013 년사이에 분만한 농협중앙회 젖소개량사업소 검정자료 경산우 479,331 두를 이용하였으며, 분만계절, 산차 및 유량그룹을 고정효과로 하는 Yijkl= u + seasoni + parityj + yieldgroupk + eijkl 선형모형을 적용하여 분석을 실시했다. NRR 과 305 일 산유량의 단순상관 및 오차상관은 각각 –0.089 및 –0.018 로 분석되어 산유량이 증가할수록 NRR 은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고능력우의 저수태 발생율이 높다는 주장을 뒷받침 한다. 다음은 최근 인공수정의 횟수가 증가하고 있는 현상이 유생산과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 알아보기 위해 수정횟수와 305 일 산유량과의 관계를 분석했다. 자료는 젖소개량사업소의 동일한 자료를 이용했다. 305 일 유량이 6000kg 미만, 6,000~7,000kg, 7,000~8,000kg, 8,000~9,000kg, 9,000~10,000kg, 10,000~11,000kg, 11,000~12,000kg, 12,000kg 이상, 8 개 그룹으로 나누어 305 일 유량에 따른 수정횟수를 분석했다. 각 그룹별로 평균 수정횟수는 각각 1.57, 1.59, 1.62, 1.66, 1.72, 1.78, 1.83, 1.91 회로 나타났으며 수정횟수 3 회 및 4 회 이상의 저수태우 발생비율 역시 산유량이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 주요 번식형질인 분만간격과 305 일 산유량과의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 젖소개량사업소 검정자료인 2010 년부터 2013 년 사이에 분만한 2 산차 이상 경산우 42,550 두를 데이터 분석에 이용했다. 분만간격은 361 일 미만, 361~400 일, 401~450 일, 451~500 일, 501~550 일, 551~600 일, 601~650 일 및 651 일 이상, 총 8 개 그룹으로 나누어 분석을 하였다. 305 일 추정유량은 분만간격이 길어짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 나타났다. 다음으로는 초산차 홀스타인 젖소에서 분만계절과 305 일 유량의 관계를 분석했다. 조사에 이용된 데이터는 2009 년부터 2011 년까지 분만한 1 산차 14,189 두의 농협중앙회 검정자료를 이용했다. 305 일 추정유량은 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울이 각각 9,684, 9,413, 9,805, 10,084 kg 으로 여름철 분만이 겨울철 분만우보다 약 6.3% 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 유량 위주의 개량은 젖소의 번식형질을 저하시킨다는 연구가 다수 있었지만, 낙농 선진국과는 달리 국내에서는 아직 번식형질에 대한 유전평가는 실시하지 않고 있다. 이러한 국내 기초자료를 근거로 우리나라도 산유량 위주의 유전평가가 아닌 번식형질에 대한 유전평가도 필요한 시점이라 생각한다.

Bioenergy is classified to one of the renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, hydro and tidal energies. It should be noted that all the renewable energies contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases emission. In some cases, energy from wastes was also categorized as a renewable energy in our country even though it has only negligible effect on the emission reduction. In this paper, we tried to identify the bioenergy in order to follow the global indices of the renewable energy. The indices evaluated here were whether a resource is renewable, iogenic, biodegradable, combustible and organic. Biogenic and combustible were selected as the indices to identify the bioenergy. It was also suggested that combustible as an index can be exchangeable to organic.

This study was carried out to investigate synthetic extender for semen cryopreservation of Jeju Native Black Bull. The semen was collected using an artificial vagina and transported to the laboratory. The semen was diluted 1:1 by Tris-Egg yolk extender and contrifuged in 1,500 rpm for 15 minutes. The supernatant was removed. The pellect was diluted to final sperm concentration of 2×108/ml by doubling in every 30 minutes at 4℃ cold chamber. The semen was equilibrated for 4 hours at cold chamber and packed to 0.5 ml straw. The semen straws were located above 5 cm for 10 minutes. The height and duration affect the freezing speed by temperature. The frozen straw was plunged to LN2. The presented straws were examined the viability and motility after thawed at 37℃ water bath. Frozen-thawed sperm were evaluated sperm viability, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. Post-thawed sperm viability has been significantly higher (p<0.05) in fresh sperm (93.27±1.62%) than frozen-thawed sperm (73.34±3.27%). However, there were no significant differences between fresh and frozen-thawed dead cell rate (7.35±2.63 vs, 13.71±2.85). In sperm motility, between Triladyl and AndroMed Extender, there was no significant different (72.86±2.83 vs, 81.47±2.48), similarly, the dead cell rates was similar (18.41±3.42% and 17.26±4.25). The results of our study suggest that AndroMed to the freezing extender showed more positive effect on the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in Jeju Native Black bull semen.

해양경찰 경비함정에서 근무하는 경찰관, 전경 등 승조원이 바다로 추락하는 사고가 발생할 경우 CCTV 영상을 실시간으로 분석하여 경보를 발령하고 즉시 구조할 수 있는「함정 승조원 추락 경보 시스템」을 개발하였다. 길게는 7박 8일의 출동 임무를 수행하는 함정요원들은 수시로 급변하는 해상기상의 영향을 많이 받는 함상생활 중 불의의 추락사고를 당할 위험에 노출 돼 있는 것이 사실이다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol on blastocysts development and subsequent cryosurvival of the vitrification. The α-tocopherol(0, 100, 200, 400 μM) was added in to culture medium for the bovine embryos. The blasocysts from the α-tocopherol and untreated control groups were then frozen-thawed, and their cryosurvival was assessed by in vitro culture for 48 h. There were no differences in the overall cleavage rate(56.14±4.66, 58.18±4.70, 62.97±6.86 and 51.17±7.28) among four treatment groups. However, in blastocyst development and total cell number were significantly higher in α-tocopherol 200 μM(38.60±7.12; 106.33±3.50) to culture medium than other treatment groups(29.30±5.24, 31.60±7.12 and 26.37±4.18; 101.36±5.12, 97.27±2.87, and 91.23±7.52 respectively). Before and after vitrification, the total cell number and blastocyst development of embryo were significantly higher in July to August than September to October. In conclusion, addition of α-tocopherol 200 μM to in vitro bovine embryo culture medium was beneficial for improving embryo quality by decreasing the embryo damage blsstocysts cell number and improving the tolerance of the embryos to cryopreservation.

포유동물 수정란의 동결보존기술은 최근 기후 변화에 따른 생물종 다양성을 보존하기 위해서 중요하게 여겨지는 연구 분야이다. 따라서 멸실 위험에 처한 동물의 개량과 증식, 보존과 복원 및 생명공학의 분야에 이르기까지 응용 기술은 다양하게 이용되어진다. 본 연구에서는 한우 수정란의 동결 후 생존성 향상을 위해서 동결 방법에 따른 체내 외수정한의 내동성을 조사하였다. 완만동결에 따른 체내 외수정란의 동결 융해 후 수정란의 재확장률은 89.6%와 81.5% 그리

희소 한우인 칡소의 정액 동결을 위해서 레시딘을 기본 희석제로 하는 AndroMed와 Tris-egg yolk extender를 사용하여 정자의 생존율과 활력 조사를 위해서 본 연구를 수행하였다. AndroMed 희석제를 사용하였을 때 생존율과 활력은 와 의 결과를 보였다. 그리고 Tris-egg yolk extender의 경우는 각각 와 결과를 보여 생존율에서는 Tris-egg yolk 희석제가 AndroMed 희석제를 사용하였을 때보다 유의적으로(p

We investigated the cleavage rate and blastocyst yield for each culture condition to enhance tolerance of cryo-preservation of bovine IVF embryo with relatively lower cryo-tolerance compared to in vivo embryo. The cleavage rate and blastocysts yield for CR1aa, IVMD, IVD, CR1aa+10% FBS were 73.2, 69.3, 72.8, 68.5% and 44.1, 30.8, 33.3, 48.0%, respectively. The values did not differ among each treatments without serum. For embryo vitrification, In vivo and In vitro blastocysts were exposed to VS1(10% glycerin, 0.1 M glucose, 0.1 M sucrose, PEG 1%) for 5 min, and VS2 (10% glycerin, 10% EG, 0.2 M glucose, 0.2 M sucrose, PEG 2%) for 5 min and then VS3 (10% glycerin, 30% EG, 0.3 M glucose, 0.3 M sucrose, PEG 3%) for 1 min. The exposed embryos were then loaded into the 0.25 ml plastic straws and then plunged into liquid nitrogen. The straws were held for period of 1 to 2 weeks before thawing. In embryo viability, no differences in blastocyst re-expansion rates were found between in vivo and in vitro embryos. whereas expansion-BL rates was significantly higher for in vivo-derived embryos (72.7%) when compared to in vitro-derived embryos (51.4%), respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that combined use of CRIaa culture medium with vitrification might enhance tolerance of cryopreservation for bovine IVF embryo production.

In vivo embryo produced from Hanwoo donor cows were collected and transferred to Hanwoo recipients. Cows, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal Device (CIDR-plus, InterAg, New Zealand) together with injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone, and gonadotropin treatment began 4 day later. For superovulation, a total of 28 mg FSH was intramuscularly injected twice a day in the way of decreasing doses 4 day (5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2 and 2 mg). Twenty one Hanwoo donor cows were flushed on day 7 of estrus cycle with same FSH and artificial insemination by the same technicians. Embryos were recovered 7 days after the second insemination by flushing the uterus with Embryo Collection Medium. The results obtained were as follows: The rates of transferable embryos were 50.3%, and 78 fresh embryos at morulae and blastocysts stage were transferred into Hanwoo recipients on day 7 of estrus cycle. The pregnancy rates were first embryo transfer 55.6%, 2nd 62.9% and 3rd 57.9%, respectively. In conclusion, These results suggest that CIDR-based superovulation protocol may be effectively used for production of superior Hanwoo embryos. Also, since it seems the condition of recipient cows greatly affect pregnancy rate, it is very important to evaluate recipient for effective cattle production.

Silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) in a superlattice for high efficiency tandem solar cells were fabricated by magnetron rf sputtering and their characteristics were investigated. SiC/Si1-xCx superlattices were deposited by co-sputtering of Si and C targets and annealed at 1000˚C for 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. The Si QDs in Si-rich layers were verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. The size of the QDs was observed to be 3-6 nm through high resolution TEM. Some crystal Si and -SiC peaks were clearly observed in the grazing incident X-ray diffractogram. Raman spectroscopy in the annealed sample showed a sharp peak at 516 cm-1 which is an indication of Si QDs. Based on the Raman shift the size of the QD was estimated to be 4-6 nm. The volume fraction of Si crystals was calculated to be about 33%. The change of the FT-IR absorption spectrum from a Gaussian shape to a Lorentzian shape also confirmed the phase transition from an amorphous phase before annealing to a crystalline phase after annealing. The optical absorption coefficient also decreased, but the optical band gap increased from 1.5 eV to 2.1 eV after annealing. Therefore, it is expected that the optical energy gap of the QDs can be controlled with growth and annealing conditions.

The aim of present experiment was to examine commercial synthetic extender(AndroMed) for semen cryopreservation of Korean Black Bull. Semen was collected from a Korean Black Bull using an artificial vagina and transported to the laboratory. The semen was diluted 1:1 by AndroMed. The pellect was diluted to final sperm concentration of by doubling in every 10 minutes at cold chamber. The semen was equilibrated for 1 hr at cold chamber and packed to 0.5 ml straw. The semen straws were located above 5 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, above 5 cm for 10 minutes and above 10 cm for 10 min. And then the frozen straw was plunged to . The presented straws were examined the viability and motility after thawed at water bath. Hanwoo semen was used as KPN (Korea Proven Bull Number) in this experiment. The survival rates was significantly higher in fresh semen than frozen semen (). However, the motility rates was similar (80.7% and 66.4%). The survival and motility rates were higher in 5cm, 10 min treatment group than the other two groups in straw-located height and duration above ( and 70.7% vs, 33.18% and vs, 30.14% and 65.7%, respectively). The development rates to cleavage was higher in Black Cow than Hanwoo semen (62.2%, 64.4%), However, The development rates to blastocyst was higher in Hanwoo than Black cow semen (25.9%, 23.0%). In conclusion. The present results that acceptable fertilization and cryopreservation could be obtained by in vitro fertilization with frozen-thawed semen using a synthetic semen extender (AndroMed).

This study was carried out to investigate the effective genetic resources preservation system using the frozen boar semen. The porcine oocytes were matured for 44 hours in NCSU-23 medium with or without 10% Porcine Follicle Fluid (PFF), 0.5 porcine FSH, 0.5 equine LH, 1.0 17 -estradiol () and 10 ng/ml Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) under mineral oil at in humidified atmosphere of 5% in air. After 44 h of culture, the oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and fresh semen prepared with mTBM medium for 6 h. Later, set of 50 presumptive zygotes were transferred into 4-well dish (500 ) of IVC medium. for embryos freezing, slow-freezing and vitrification methods were used as a cryopreservation. Differences among treatments were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure by SAS Package (version 6.12) differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Following IVF and IVC, the rates of cleavage and blastocysts formation were significantly higher (p<0.05) in hormone supplemented group than that of hormone-free group (25.7 vs, 12.1). The development rates to cleavage and blastocysts were significantly higher in PZM-5 group than NCSU-23 group (60.3%, 46.6% vs 27.4%, 11.1%). Further improvement was achieved when PZM-5 was supplemented with FBS. Cleavage rates was significantly higher in fresh semen source group than frozen semen (66.7% vs 43.7%). However in blastocysts rates was similar two groups. Post-thaw survival rates of embryos were 1.2% and 2.2% in slow-frezing and vitrification groups, respectively. The results of our study suggest that it is still possible to improve the culture conditions and boar semen cryopreservation for enhance reproductive technology and animal genetic resources conservation.