The anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been regarded as the promising power sources. To develop promising AEMs, the most important components in AEMFCs, the properties of the conducting groups as well as the polymer backbones should be both considered. We recently developed PPO-based anion exchange membranes having various conducting groups, including ammonium, imidazolium, mopholinium. The preparation, characterization and properties of the corresponding membranes will be discussed in detail.

본 연구는 양송이의 GAP 재배환경을 위한 현재 재배농가에서 사용하는 주재료에 대한 잔류농약 및 중금속 의 함유량을 분석하고 배지 내의 잔류농약 및 중금속이 양송이로 이행되는지에 대한 배지 환경분석을 통해 생산된 양송이에 대한 안전성을 검토하였다. 분석결과 잔류농약은 주재료 모두 농약별 대부분 불검출 또는 일부 미해당 항목이 식품기준 기준치 이하 극미량이 검출되었으나 버섯에서는 모든 농약이 불검출 되었으며, 중금속은 일부 배지에서는 버섯 기준으로 검출되는 시료군도 있었으나 버섯에서는 모든 시료군에서 카드뮴 과 납이 불검출로 분석되었다. 시험결과 현재 재배농가에서 사용되는 버섯 재료로 재배하는 버섯의 잔류농약 및 중금속은 식품공전상 양송이의 검사항목에 모두 안전하였으며, 배지에서의 잔류농약 및 중금속도 버섯으 로 이행되지 않는 것으로 확인하였다.

The anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been noticed as the promising power sources. One of the most important components in AEMFC is the anion exchange membranes(AEMs). Recently various materials for AEMs have been investigated for fuel cell applications. Imidazolium-based long alkyl chain multiblock copolymers have drawn much interest due to their well-defined phase separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. We report herein the investigation of the effect of block ratio on the phase separation as well as mechanical and electrical properties of the corresponding membranes.

Polyimides (PI) have the high mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. However, they have low permeability resulting from rigid chain structure. On the other hand, PDMS is a highly CO2 permeable soft polymer. To overcome low permeability of polyimide, we developed PDMS-based polyimide block copolymer. The effect of PDMS contents on the gas separation properties will be discussed in detail.

This study applied the Stochastic Frontier Analysis to estimate which independent variable affects to efficiency of aquaculture household. This study used wage and facility scale as input variables, sales volume as an output variable to estimate efficiency. Also, the study used region, species, water quality to estimate technical inefficiency factors of the model. The data used for this study were obtained by the operating costs survey using 1:1 interview method. The study selected translog production model with technical inefficiency term estimated as half-normal distribution. In addition, the study used pearson and spearman correlation coefficient among efficiency estimating models. Also, the study analysed differences among estimated efficiencies through t-test, and showed us 0.1793 in species, 0.4677 between Geojae and Masan.

AEMFCs have been realized as a desirable alternative to PEMFCs. AEMs are the most important components of AEMFCs, and the high ion conductivity, good dimensional, mechanical and alkaline stabilities are required for AEMs. High conductivity mostly leads to a poor dimensional and mechanical stabilities. Chemical cross-linking of polymers have been attempted in an effort to overcome these problems, but the cross-linking inevitably reduced the conductivity due to the increased hydrophobicity of the membrane. Our group developed terminal crosslinking in which cross-linking was restricted only to the terminus of the polymer chains to minimize the loss of conductivity. Synthesis and properties of these terminally-crosslinked membranes will be detailed.

The anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been regarded as the promising power sources. To develop promising AEMs, the most important components in AEMFCs, the properties of the conducting groups as well as the polymer backbones should be both considered. We recently developed PPO-based anion exchange membranes having various conducting groups, including ammonium, imidazolium, mopholinium. The preparation, characterization and properties of the corresponding membranes will be discussed in detail.

A series of bisimidazolium-PEG mediated crosslinked polyimides with different PEG chain length have been prepared for gas separation membranes. The bisimidazolium-PEG was used both as crosslinkers and CO2-solubilizing groups. The crosslinked 6FDA-durene polyimide membranes prepared displayed excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal stabilities. Furthermore, high CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity was obtained while keeping relatively high permeability. The preparation and the effect of the PEG chain length within the bisimidazolium-PEG groups on the structures and physicochemical properties of the polymers, as well as the gas separation properties of the corresponding membranes will be discussed.

Polyimides (PIs) are known to have the high mechanical and thermal stability, but they have limited application for gas separation due to their low permeability. To overcome the low permeability of PIs, we developed PDMS-containing PI copolymers with different PDMS compositions as highly permeable polymer membranes. The piperazinium group was further introduced on the side chains of the PDMS-PIs both as crosslinkers and CO2-solubilizing groups. The preparation and properties of the corresponding polymer membranes for CO2 separation will be discussed.

There have been continuous research activities towards the designing of various separation technologies for the sequestration of CO2. Organic polymer membranes pay a great attention for its eco-friendliness, simple operation and energy-saving. Polymer membranes such as polyimides, polyethers, TRs and PIMs are well known for their high permeability and excellent mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. However, the foremost challenge for these polymeric membrane materials is their enhanced selectivity to CO2 without sacrificing permeability. The selectivity problems would be overcome by ionic liquids (ILs), which lead to a considerable attention on RTILs-based sequestrations for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separations. The current research trends based on RTIL polymer membranes, together with our original concept of applying RTIL to various polymeric structures will be presented.

점봉산(1,424m)은 강원도 양양군과 인제군에 걸쳐 있는 산으로 우리나라에서 원시림에 가장 가까운 숲이며, 유네스코에서 생물권 보전 구역으로 지정하였다. 이에 따라 기후변화에 의한 고도별 곤충종의 변화를 모니터링을 하여 기초자료 확보에 목적을 두고 실시하였다. 고도별 곤충상 조사는 약 700m, 900m, 1100m 고도에서 조사지점을 선정하고 핏폴트랩(Pitfall trap)과 버킷식유아등트랩(Bucket trap)을 사용하여 채집을 실시하였으며, 미기상인자를 측정하기 위하여 데이터로거 (Hobo)를 설치하고 매 1시간의 간격으로 데이터를 저장하였다. 조사 결과 개미과 조사는 2아과 8속 10종 2,788개체가 채집되었으며, 코토쿠뿔개미, 극동혹개미 등이 채집되었다. 딱정벌레목은 1과 13속 22종 155개체가 채집되었으며, 붉은칠납작먼지벌레, 우리딱정벌레 등의 분포가 확인되었다. 나비목은 13과 127속 181종 1,408개체가 채집되었으며, 대부분 밤나방과, 자나방과에 속하는 나방이 확인되었다. 이번 조사된 곤충종 중 국립수목원 (2011)에서 선정한 기후변화취약곤충종 북방계곤충(463종), 남방계곤충(284종)의 기준에 따라 파악한 결과 일본장다리개미를 포함한 총 8종이 분포가 확인되었다.

수출용 파프리카 재배지에서 발견되는 곤충 중 파리목 해충이 비교적 종수가 많으며, 위험평가가 제대로 이루어지지 않아 수출 검사 시 수출 상대국에서 검출되기도 하였다. 기존의 파프리카 재배지에서 해충 조사를 실시한 논문에서는 파리목에 속하는 해충은 아메리카잎굴파리, 흑다리잎굴파리, 작은뿌리파리 3종이었었다(류 등, 2011, 김 등, 2013). 전국의 10개시·군의 파프리카 수출 재배지에서 유인등 트랩과 끈끈이트랩을 이용한 조사 결과 6개과 11종을 확인하였으며, 물가파리 과의 Scatella sp. 와 검정날개버섯파리과의 작은뿌리파리인 Bradysia impaiense, 초파리과의 노랑초파리는 대부분의 파프리카 온실에서 공통적으로 발견되었다. 실제 파프리카 작물에 피해를 주는 해충은 굴파리과의 Liriomyza huidobrensis 흑다리잎굴파 리가 있었으며, 포장의 수분과 밀접한 관계가 있는 종으로 위생해충에 속하는 물가파리과 일종, 작은뿌리파리, 나방파리과 일종의 종들이 포함되었다. 또한 작은 곤충을 사냥하는 집파리과의 일종인 Coenosia spp. 가 천적으로서 온실에 정착하여 서식하는 것이 밝혀졌다.

In this study, the texture, nucleotide-related compounds, and sensory characteristics of dry-aged beef, made from third quality grade Hanwoo beef (Korean native cattle), were investigated according to aging periods. Loin cuts obtained from three different Hanwoos were dry-aged under the specific conditions (controlled temperatures, humidity, and air flow) during 0-7 weeks. With increasing aging periods, textures were significantly decreased after 5 weeks (hardness: from 13,264±2,033 to 7,112±1,743 g; chewiness: from 4,107±1,467 to 2,334±780) and four sensory characteristics were significantly increased after 3 weeks (texture: from 2.2±1.0 to 6.2±1.1; flavor: from 3.9±0.7 to 6.2±1.5; whole preference: from 2.5±0.8 to 6.3±1.3; purchase intention: from 3.7±1.4 to 6.0±1.5) except for color (p<0.05). On the other hand, the concentrations of IMP which is related to the umami flavor of beef were significantly decreased with increasing aging periods (from 40.44±5.97 at 0-week to 7.44±2.43 μg/ mg at 7-week) (p<0.05). These results obtained in this study could provide an useful data base for the quality control of dry-aging.

We have hybridized Angelic gigas Nakai flower extract (AGNF) and two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials through reversible dehydration-hydration in order to obtain the nanopowder of natural extract. The Angelica gigas Nakai flower was treated with methanol to extract carbohydrate, polyphenol, and flavonoid components. LDH with an uniform size of 250 nm was prepared by hydrothermal method and calcined at 400ºC to obtain layered double oxide (LDO) precursor. For hybridization, AGNF in 40% methanol was reacted with LDO powder at various AGNF/LDO weight ratios: 0.15, 0.30, 0.85, and 1.70. The hybrids were obtained in fine powder which had enhanced hydrophilicity and water dispersity compared with dried AGNF. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic results revealed that the house-of-cards structure of nanomaterials could encapsulate AGNF moiety inside their cavity. Quantitative analyses using UV-Vis spectra exhibited that the content of AGNF in hybrid increased upon AGNF/LDO ratio in reactant increased. According to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, AGNF/LDO showed higher antioxidant activity compared with an equivalent amount of AGNF itself.

The proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) have been noticed as the promising power sources. One of the important components in PEMFC is the proton exchange membranes(PEMs). Recently various materials for PEMs have been investigated for fuel cell applications. Sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon-based multiblock copolymers have drawn much interest due to their well-defined phase separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. In our group, multiblock copolymers based on highly sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether sulfone)s were developed as highly conductive and stable polymer electrolyte membranes. We report herein the investigation of the influence of phase separation and properties by block length of the corresponding membranes.

A novel CO2 soluble azide cross-linker was used for fabrication of cross-linked 6FDA-durene membrane (AIM-PIs) and studied along the cross-linking density changed for high performance CO2-separation. The synthesis, characterization of these materials, together with the properties of the corresponding polymer membranes, including gas separation properties, will be discussed in detail.

본 연구에서는 초임계추출 및 생물전환공정을 통하여 우방자로부터 악티게닌을 얻었다. 악티 게닌은 항염증, 항인플루엔자 등의 효능이 있기 때문에 다양한 분야에서 연구되고 있다. 제조된 악티게 닌은 FT-IR, 1H-NMR 분석결과 4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) methyl)]dihydro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone(arctigenin)임을 확인하였고, HPLC 분석결과 95.1 % 순도임 을 확인하였다. 활성물질에 대한 티로시나아제 저해 효과를 확인한 결과, 농도 의존적으로 260 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 85.06±0.9 % 를 저해하였으며, 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 확인한 결과 3.0 ㎍/㎖ 의 농도에서 51.1±3.7 % 를 억제하는 것을 확인하였고 악티게닌이 알부틴 보다 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론적 으로 제조된 악티게닌은 미백화장품에 활용 가능성이 기대된다.

본 증례는 다발성 골수종을 진단 후 Bortezomib, Melphalan, Prednisolone 항암치료 중에 급성 췌장염이 발생된 매우 드문 경우이다. 급성 췌장염이 원인을 알기 위하여 알코올 병력, 담석증, 외상, 고칼슘혈증, 고중성지방혈증 등에 대한 혈액검사 및 영상의학적 검사를 시행하였지만 특별한 소견은 없었다. 급성 췌장염을 유발할 수 있는 약제인 Bortezomib이 그 원인일 가능성으로 판단되어 Bortezomib 중단과 보존적 치료로 급성 췌장염이 호전되었다. Bortezomib은 다 양한 비특이적인 위장관 증상을 흔하게 유발할 수 있지만 복통이 지속되거나 재발하면 드물지만 급성 췌장염이 발생할 수 있음을 염두에 두어야 하겠다.

A novel poly (ethylene glycol)-imidazolium-functionalized 6FDA-durene polyimides (PEG-Im-PIs) with various PEG chain lengths and PEG-IM contents have been developed as novel polymer membranes for high performance CO2-separation. The synthesis, characterization of these materials, together with the properties of the corresponding polymer membranes, including gas separation properties, will be discussed in detail.

본 연구는 소백산 산림지역을 중심으로 고도별 산림곤충의 분포에 대한 모니터링을 실시하였다. 대상 곤충종은 개미류, 보행성딱정벌레류, 나방류 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 2014년 6월부터 9월까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 혼효림 지역에서 해발 600m, 900m, 1,200m 각 지점에 10m×10m의 격자를 3개씩 선정하여 핏폴트랩(Pitfall trap)을 9개씩 총 27개를 설치하였다. 버킷식유아등트랩(Bucket trap)은 고도별 한 개씩 설치하였고, 타이머를 부착하여 PM08:00∼익일 AM02:00로 유아등 시간을 동일하게 설정하여 조사하였다. 조사결과 개미류는 총 3아과 15속 18종 9,221개체가 채집되었고, 주요 우점종으로 Pheidole fervida, Nylanderia flavipes 등의 분포가 확인되었다. 딱정벌레류는 총 2과 15속 20종 393개체가 채집되었고, 주요 우점종은 Synuchus nitidus, Aulonocarabus semiopacus 등의 분포가 확인되었다. 나방류의 조사는 총 15과 168속 199종 2,151개체가 채집되었으며, 주요 우점종으로 Alcis angulifera, Herpetogramma fuscescens 등 다양한 분류군이 채집되어 기본적인 정보를 분석하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다. 조사된 곤충류 중 국립수목원 (2011)에서 선정한 북방계곤충(463종), 남방계곤충(284종)에서 Lasius hayashi를 포함하여 23종의 취약곤충종의 분포가 확인되었다.