The purpose of this study is to grasp what characterizes the vegetation base of the natural forest as a latent vegetation in the middle region of Korea and thus to offer basic data when improving the vegetation base in the middle region being built or to be built in the future. The findings of this soil section survey show the following: The soil is brown to red color soil group on the whole. In addition, the soil’s physical features like soil hardness are rated as high level, which results from the fact that the forest soil exits in its natural form under less influence of stamping. The pH of soil shows a weak acidity, like Korean normal soil. Specific electrical conductance is also rated as middle to high level in accordance with the standards of landscape architecture. The Salix koreensis community and the Pinus rigida community are different from other communities in terms of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable K+ content. Specifically, the two communities are opposed to each other in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphate, while being similar to each other in terms of available phosphate and exchangeable K+ content. This seems to result from the fact that they are located near each other. In addition, the two communities are characterized by the fact that they are distributed at the altitude mean relatively lowest and in the valley. To sum up, the forest soil around Goesan Gun is of middle level on the whole according to the landscape standards, when judging it in terms of vegetation base. Accordingly, it seems that the construction of the vegetation base around Goesan Gun will not require large investment expenses for soil improvement. Also, it seems that the spatial scope of research is needed to expand the basic data on the construction of the vegetation base for the whole middle region of Korea.

In this paper, changes in the intensity (e.g., central pressure and maximum sustained wind speed) of Tropical Cyclone (TC) in summer in the regions located at 30 oN in East Asia from 1988 to 1991 were found. The intensity of TC from 1991 to 2007 was much higher than that of TC from 1965 to 1988. The reason for this was that the frequency of TCs passing China from 1991 to 2007 was much lower than that of TCs from 1965-1988 because a northeasterly wind caused by high-pressure circulation in East Asia got severer along the East Asian coast. Instead, TCs moved from the eastern region of the Tropical West Pacific to Korea and Japan mainly after passing the East China Sea due to the low-pressure circulation strengthened in the subtropical waters of East Asia. In addition, low Vertical Wind Shear (VWS) was created along the mid-latitude regions of East Asia and the main path of TCs from 1991 to 2007. Most of the regions in the Northwestern Pacific showed higher Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from 1991 to 2007, and had a good environment where TCs were able to maintain a higher intensity on the mid-latitude. In particular, a low sensible heat flux occurred due to high snow depth in East Asia in the spring of 1991 to 2007. Accordingly, the lower layer of East Asia showed high-pressure circulation, and the sea surrounding East Asia showed low-pressure circulation. Thus, the typical west-high, east-low pattern of winter atmospheric pressure was shown. The possibility of snowfall in East Asia in spring to be used as a factor for predicting the summer intensity of TC in the mid-latitude regions of East Asia was insinuated. The characteristics of TC in a low-latitude region were the same in Korea. The latest intensity of TCs got higher, and the landing location of TCs gradually changed from the west coast to the south coast.

강우유출모형의 입력 자료로 사용되는 강우 관측 자료의 불확실성이 유량예측에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 모형변수 검정의 불확실성 연구에서 사용하는 GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation)방법을 입력 자료 부분으로 확장하여 적용 하였다. 독일의 Weida 유역의 강우 관측 자료를 바탕으로 구조적 및 비구조적인 불확실성 부분을 각각 구조적인 오차 수정 과정과 DUE (Data Uncertainty En

p63은 다양한 상피 조직의 줄기세포와 전구세포에 존재한다는 사실이 잘 알려져 있으나, 치아 형성, 특히 사기질과 뿌리 형성시기에서의 p63 위치느 ㄴ아직 연구해야 할 과제로 남아 있다. 본 연구에서는 p63이 치아 발생 동안 치아상피에 편재하여 나타나는 것을 면역조직화학 기법을 이용하여 확인하였다. p63은 피부, 모낭, 구강점막 그리고 턱밑샘 도관을 포함하는 상피의 바닥층과 바닥위층에 위치하였다. 그러나 치아 부위에서는 치아관의 모든 세포, 사기질기

This study found that tropical cyclones (TCs) formed for fall in 2007 over the western North Pacific were distributed in high-latitudes comparing to 56-year (1951-2006) climatological mean. The frequency and latitude of TC genesis became higher than 56-year climatological mean from September onward in 2007 and all the TCs that formed to the north of 20°N was also distributed after September in 2007. These characteristics of TC genesis for fall in 2007 could be confirmed through analyzing various variables, such as a large-scale atmospheric circulation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), vertical zonal wind shear, and sea surface temperature (SST). On the other hand, a frequency of the TC that occurred to the north of 20°N showed a clear interdecadal variation and its decreasing trend was distinctive in recent years. Its intensity was also weaker that TCs that did to the south of 20°N. However, a latitude of TC genesis showed an increasing trend until recent years, whose variation was consistent with trend that through a SST analysis, warm SST went north in recent years.

Visions of ubiquitous robotics and ambient intelligence involve distributing information, knowledge, computation over a wide range of servers and data storage devices located all over the world, and integrating tiny microprocessors, actuators, and sensors into everyday objects as well in order to make them smart. In this paper, we introduce our ongoing research effort aimed at realizing ubiquitous robots in an information structured space. For this, a ubiquitous space and ambient intelligent systems for a librarian robot are introduced and the RFID technology based approach for these systems is described.

Recently, people tracking technology is being required to various area including security application. This paper suggests a method to track people with multiple laser scanners to detect the waist part of human. Multi-target model and Kalman filter based estimation are employed to track the human movement. The proposed method is applied to a novel system to monitor the entrance area and to filter out the trespasser to pass through the door without identification. Experiments for various cases are performed to verify the usefulness of the developed system.

This paper presents a goal-directed reactive obstacle avoidance method based on lane method. The reactive collision avoidance is necessarily required for a robot to navigate autonomously in dynamic environments. Many methods are suggested to implement this concept and one of them is the lane method. The lane method divides the environment into lanes and then chooses the best lane to follow. The proposed method does not use the discrete lane but chooses a line closest to the original target line without collision when an obstacle is detected, thus it has a merit in the aspect of running time and it is more proper for narrow corridor environment. If an obstacle disturbs the movement of a robot by blocking a target path, a robot generates a temporary target line, which is parallel to an original target line and tangential to an obstacle circle, to avoid a collision with an obstacle and changes to and follows that line until an obstacle is removed. After an obstacle is clear, a robot returns to an original target line and proceeds to the goal point. Obstacle is recognized by laser range finder sensor and represented by a circle. Our method has been implemented and tested in a corridor environment and experimental results show that our method can work reliably.

In this paper, a localization error recovery method based on bias estimation is provided for outdoor localization of mobile robot using different-type sensors. In the previous data integration method with DGPS, it is difficult to localize mobile robot due to multi-path phenomena of DGPS. In this paper, fault data due to multi-path phenomena can be recovered by bias estimation. The proposed data integration method uses a Kalman filter based estimator taking into account a bias estimator and a free-bias estimator. A performance evaluation is shown through an outdoor experiment using mobile robot.

토양중 99Tc의 배경준위를 측정할 수 있는 분석법을 수립하고 한국 토양중의 99Tc농도를 비교 검토하였다. 토양중의 99Tc을 분리 정제하기 위해서 선택성 TEVA수지를 사용하였다. 화학분리 회수율을 계산하기 위해 99Mo/99mTc 생성기에서 생산한 99mTc를 추적자로 사용하고 그 문제점을 검토하였다. 99mTc추적자를 사용하여 계산한 화학분리 회수율은 70% 이상이 가능하였다. 순수 분리된 99Tc의 측정을 위한 유도결합프라스마 질량분석기(ICP-MS)의 최적 조건을 수립하였다. 이 분석법에 의한 토양의 최소검출하한치(MDA)는 15mBq/kg-dry 이었다. 제주와 고리 주변 토양 시료의 99Tc 농도는 33.73 - 89.16 mBq/kg-dry 였다. 이러한 수치는 다른 보고치에 비하여 낮은 편이며 대기권 핵실험에서 기인한 낙진의 영향으로 추정된다.

대수심의 유체운동을 포텐셜 운동으로 가정하여 자유수면의 거동을 신속히 해석하는 BEM 해석법과 구조물 근방에서 유체의 자유 수면 변화를 계산하기 위하여 NS방정식의 해석으로 CADMAS-SURF 기법을 결합하여 하이브리드 수치기법을 개발하였다. 하이브리드 해석법에서는 반사파를 고려해야 할 넓은 영역에서, 대수심의 영역은 BEM이, 천수역은 CADMAS-SURF가 계산하게 된다. 특히, 하이브리드 모델은 장시간에 걸친 불규칙파의 운동에 대해서는 단독의 CADMAS-SURF을 이용한 계산에 비해 거의 동일한 정확도로 월등히 신속하게 계산할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 완경사 해저면을 가진 넓은 해역에서, 호안구조물에 내습하는 파랑의 처오름과 월파와 같은 강비선형 파랑장 계산에 결합해석모델을 적용하였다. 계산결과는 각각 토요시마(풍도(豊島))의 규칙과 처오름 실험과 고다(합전(合田))가 제안한 불규칙파의 월파량 산정도와 비교하였다.