2010년 4월 20일, 반잠수식 시추선 Deepwater Horizon호가 폭발, 침몰하는 사고가 발생하였으며, 이로 인해 490만배럴(약 77.8만톤)의 원유가 미국 멕시코만으로 유출되었다. 이 사고로부터 1년 이상이 경과함에 따라 정부 측과 오염행위자 측의 각종 분석보고서와 사고로부터 얻 은 교훈 등이 발표되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국 버락 오바마 대통령의 지시로 구성된 “Deepwater Horizon 기름유출과 원해 석유시추에 관한 국가위원회”의 최종보고서와 미국 해안경비대(USCG)1)와 미국 에너지 관리․규제․집행국(BOEMRE)2) 합동조사반의 중간보고서를 바탕으로 기름오염 사고 원인과 사고대응에 대한 측면을 중점적으로 검토․분석하였다. 또한, 분석결과를 토대로 우리나라 정부에서 유출구 봉쇄조치 지 도감독 능력 강화, 현장소각과 임시방제정 프로그램의 도입검토 및 향후 미국의 연구개발성과에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 등 국가방제정책의 개 선방안을 제시하였다.

2010년 4월 20일, 반잠수식 시추선 Deepwater Horizon호가 폭발, 침몰하는 사고가 발생하였으며, 이로 인해 490만배럴(약 77.8만톤)의 원유가 미국 멕시코만으로 유출되었다. 이 사고로부터 1년 이상이 경과함에 따라 정부 측과 오염행위자 측의 각종 분석보고서와 사고로부터 얻은 교훈 등이 발표되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국 버락 오바마 대통령의 지시로 구성된 "Deepwater Horizon 기름유출과 원해 석유시추에 관한 국가위원회"의 최종보고서와 미국 해안경비대(USCG)와 미국 에너지 관리 규제 집행국(BOEMRE) 합동조사반의 중간보고서를 바탕으로 기름오염 사고 원인과 사고대응에 대한 측면을 중점적으로 검토 분석하였다. 또한, 분석결과를 토대로 우리나라 정부에서 유출구 봉쇄조치 지도감독 능력 강화, 현장소각과 임시방제정 프로그램의 도입검토 및 향후 미국의 연구개발성과에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 등 국가방제정책의 개선방안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to identify vulnerable area of emergency medical care. In the existing method, the emergency medical vulnerable area is set as an area that can not reach the emergency room within 30 minutes. In this study, we set up an area that can not reach within 30 minutes including the accessibility of 119 emergency center. To accomplish this, we obtained information on emergency room and 119 emergency center through Open API and constructed road network using digital map to perform accessibility analysis. As a result, 509 emergency room are located nationwide, 78.0% of them are concentrated in the region, 1,820 emergency center are located, and 61.0% of them are located in rural areas. The average access time from the center of the village to the emergency room was analyzed as 15.3 minutes, and the average access time considering the 119 emergency center was 21.8 minutes, 6.5 minutes more. As a result of considering the accessibility of 119 emergency center, vulnerable areas increased by 2.5 times, vulnerable population increased by 2.0 times, and calculating emergency medical care vulnerable areas, which account for more than 30% of the urban unit population, it was analyzed that it increased from 17 to 34 cities As a further study, it will be necessary to continuously monitor and research the real-time traffic information, medical personnel, medical field, and ambulance information to reflect the reality and to diagnose emergency medical care in the future.

This study is to evaluate the per capita accessibility to child care facilities using road map in rural village unit considering the supply and demand of child care facilities in municipal (Si-Gun) units. Using these estimated accessibility, the most accessible regions to child care facilities was identifies using Moran’s index. Assuming establish a new child care facility in the most accessible region, the sensitivity of child care environment was analyzed. The number of regions are 71 si-gun-gu where supply of child care facilities is insufficient. The average accessibility per capita is 1.09 km to child care facilities and the average accessibility in Myeon unit is approximately 2.2 times higher than accessibility in Eup unit (Eup unit 0.54 km, Myeon unit 1.21 km). Approach tendency from village to child care facilities has positive relationship as 0.451 global Moran’s index. The high-high (H-H) accessibility regions are wide as Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Assumed to be established the new child care facilities in Yangyang-gun (Ganwon-do), accessibility changes of child care environment are up to 2.7 times greater and the recipient population is 77% of Yangyang-gun.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 56개 연구지역에 대해서 증발량 산정방법 중에 하나인 공기동력학적 방법의 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 과거 연구 자들에 의해서 제안된 공기동력학적 증발량 산정식들을 7가지 형식으로 구분하고 일반화하여 증발량 산정모델을 유도하였다. 또한, 공기동력학적 방법 적용에 필요한 기상요소자료들(풍속, 포화미흡량, 기온, 대기압)을 이용하여 4가지의 다변량 선형회귀모델을 유도하고 그 적용성을 검토하였다. 기상자료들의 자기상관의 영향을 고려하기 위해 변수들을 차분시켜 회귀분석을 실시하고 자기상관을 고려하지 않은 경우와 비교한 결과 결정 계수 값에 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 공기동력학적 모델이나 다변량 선형회귀모델 모두에서 산정된 월 증발량과 관측된 월 증발량 사이에 매우 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 대부분의 증발량 산정모델에서 8, 9, 10, 11, 12월에 증발량을 과다 산정하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다변량 선형회귀모델들에 사용된 기상요소자료들은 모두 증발량 산정에 유의한 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 포화 미흡량이 가장 중요한 기상요소이며, 두 번째로는 기온, 세 번째로는 풍속, 그리고 마지막으로 대기압인 것으로 나타났다.

The interest on rural ecological landscape has recently grown on the part of policy makers for rural development. While considerable efforts and resources have been invested to preserve and utilize rural landscape, we still lack a systematic means to quantify and evaluate ecosystem service value of the rural landscape and management status. So this study suggests rural ecological landscape management indicator considering ecosystem service value. It consists of 28 criteria and 107 subcategories, which can be applied to rural village. And We have applied ecosystem service value assessment and resident’s management status on three villages, Moondang village, Yonggye village, and Sesim village.

This study suggests a plan to expand the rural experience program linked to natural disaster through the case analysis of the village of Garisan-ri, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. This will help to establish the necessary improving and policies for Re-leap of rural villages in disaster areas and activation of rural experience villages. The local residents have created flood recovery stories, disaster response content, and disaster prevention camp sites, all of which have been hit by serious disaster damage. It has also contributed to the revitalization of the village by providing various experience programs such as disaster response training, crossing rapids, and evacuation experience. This is a way to get rid of the negative perception of disaster and utilize it. The conversion of idea through disaster experience content contributed to the activation of the area. By linking the disaster experience contents to the rural experience program in the future, it can be helpful to avoid the duplication of contents and limit the similar operation method, which is an existing problem of rural experience villages.

Although some indicators for evaluating rural settlement conditions have been offered, these indicators could not reflect unique characteristics that rural has its own peculiarities. The rural area is identified with central districts functioned as service provision and hinterlands used its service. The aim of this study is to find a central district of rural villages and define range of its hinterlands using various physical characteristics of rural areas. Targeting areas are Yongsan and Hwanggan in Yeongdong-gun . The physical characteristics are represented by building density, number of shops among secondary and tertiary industries, official land price, and density of bus line. The rural central district is estimated by linear programming using defined the physical characteristics. Also its hinterlands used Huff model and social accessibility. The results of this study are as follows; (1) The physical characteristics in Hwanggan myeon is higher than Yongsan myeon because Hwanggan area has a large floating population for using Hwanggan station and ticket office; (2) The central district in Hwanggan has wider regional range than Yongsan. When central district estimate in rural areas, we suggest a grid diameter of Hexagon for controlling errors; (3) Considering accessibility, the life zone of 4 districts defined legally in Hwanggan use Yongsan and 2 legal districts in Hwanggan are possible to take advantage of Yongsan’s life zone; (4) The results of survey targeting boundary villages between Yongsan and Hwanggan, individual drivers use central districts both Yongsan and Hwanggan, however users by public transportation (especially bus) go more to Hwanggan because bus lines to Hwanggan have many routes than to Yongsan. Evaluating the rural settlement conditions by national unit through grasping central districts and its hinterlands, these results can use as base line data and the evidence for regional development projects.

People are making efforts multilaterally to create agricultural landscape beautifully. Still in farming villages, however, large-scale facilities or houses are disharmonized with natural environment because of their outer colors, mostly primary colors, not considering natural environment. The main study is done on experts’ color perception. Investigation about perception of color experts ' view according to the existence of the energy business based on the color to set the direction of the rural landscape in the future. The result of the study shows that the image of the rural area is not reflected well, and the symbolic color of the rural landscape is the reverse image according to the energy business. The rural village’s image in the future, “Harmonious”, “Natural”, “Rural” were higher Figure. There were the most important and harmony with nature. Based on such future harmony with nature in the color planning The colors match and is expected to be the color within the scope. Lack of awareness in the current farming town scenery is unsatisfactory. Awareness about the need for further improvement was higher. Therefore, color according to a harmony with nature images in accordance with the type of farming model should be planned.

증발접시 증발량의 경우 저수지 증발량을 산정하는 간접적인 방법으로 유용하게 적용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이용할 수 있는 기상자료 가 제한적인 경우에 기온자료만을 이용하여 증발접시 증발량을 산정하는 식을 제안하였다. 이를 위해서 전국 12개 지역에서 관측된 증발접시 증발 량과 비교를 통해 제안식을 유도하였다. 또한 전국 44개 지역에 대해서 본 연구에서 제안된 증발접시 증발량 산정식을 다른 기온자료에 기초한 식 들뿐만 아니라, 여러 종류의 기상자료(기온, 풍속, 습도, 일조시간)를 필요로 하는 식들과 비교하여 적용성을 파악하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 본 연 구에서 제안된 증발량 산정식들은 다른 기온자료에 기초한 식들과 비교하여 전반적으로 양호한 증발접시 증발량 산정결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 증발량 산정식의 경우 우리나라 56개 연구지역 대부분에서 전반적으로 양호한 증발접시 증발량 산정결과를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 수 정 제안된 기온자료만을 이용한 증발접시 증발량 산정식들은 우리나라에서 이용할 수 있는 기상자료가 제한적인 경우에 특히 적용성이 있는 것으 로 판단된다. 추후에는 저수지에서 관측된 기온 및 증발접시 증발량 자료를 바탕으로 저수지 증발량 산정을 위한 제안식들의 적용성 검토연구가 필 요하다.

Rural house came into the rapid change through the process of modernization and Saemaul movement in the past. This change continue to the current era, there is a such exotic forms and indiscriminate development of new house and Saemaul housing and existing conventional farmhouse in rural area. Such a phenomenon, ultimately creating disharmony in traditional environment of rural. In this respect, reflecting the location characteristics of the region which is based on the regional characteristics and unique model of rural housing, it is absolutely required for the development of rural housing customized to fit the diversity of modern. With that background, the purpose of the research is to try and find out the changes in rural houses and the transforming characteristics. To achieve this research purpose, this research selected a specialized magazine for architecture. Then, it identified contents which has specific keyword. lastly, it analyze type and contents of house in rural area from selected article. This process make up the rural housing for effective utilization. The result showed that the type of economic activity and residents information directly show the character of the members who located in the new homes after retuning to farming. The polarization of structure was clearly visible by the building time. And, propensity to western-style of major components was very high such as shape and form of housing. However, it was found to prefer to reflect traditional aesthetics in the components of the housing partially. Therefore, more research is needed to reflect of the results of a survey. Also, analyzing the characteristic of rural house’s element and suggesting ways to take advantage in order to present suitable element of modern rural house.

Disasters that occur most frequently in rural areas are drought, flood, damages from wind and cold weather. Among these, damages from storm and flood and drought are the main disasters and recently, these are occurring on a large scale due to unusual weather conditions. Under such circumstances, projects and researches on disasters in rural areas are under way but they are mostly targeting one area or making approaches focusing on repair facilities, maintenance project of facilities in small streams, and disaster management, so there have not been enough studies on the current status of overall damaged facilities in the rural areas. Against this backdrop, through the analysis of the current status of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, this study aims to provide base data for policies needed for disaster recovery planning and maintenance work of rural areas. For the analysis of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, using the annual report on disasters issued by Ministry of Public Safety and Security and based on the occurrence rate of estimated damage in each city and district for the past 10 years(2004~2013), 8 areas with the highest number of occurrence and cost of damage were found from each province and target areas were selected. Then, regarding the selected target areas, the General Plan for Reducing Damages from Storm and Flood, which is the report on top-level plan for preventing disasters, was secured and the current status of damaged facilities were analyzed. After organizing the analysis of current status, the tendency of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, the items of damaged facilities depending on the types of storm and flood damages, and risk factors were suggested. Based on this result, in order to generalize the results of follow-up researches, it is thought that disaster recovery planning and establishing the system of remodeling items necessary for maintenance work would be possible by analyzing damage investigation items recorded in additional researches on rural areas, researches on natural disasters, and recovery plan instructions and by conducting on-site investigation on the damaged villages from storm and flood in rural areas.

본 연구에서는 일사량에 기초한 증발량 산정방법의 적용성을 검토하기 위해 기존에 연구자들에 의해서 제안된 식들을 3가지 형태의 model group (Model groups A, B, and C)으로 분류하고, 이를 우리나라 6개 지역(서울, 대전, 전주, 부산, 목포, 제주)에 적용하였다. 증발접시 증발량 자료를 이용하여 이들 model group들의 매개변수를 추정하고, 검증하였다. 또한 Penman (1948) 조합식을 적용하여 이들 model group들과 비교하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 모든 지역에서 Nash-Sutcliffe (N-S) 효율지수가 0.663 이상을 보여서 만족스러운 증발량 산정결과를 보였다. 모 형 검증과정에서 산정된 N-S 효율지수는 모든 연구지역에서 0.526이상을 보여서 역시 만족스러운 결과를 보였으나, 부산지역에서 적용된 Model groups B와 C를 제외하고는 모두 Penman (1948) 조합식보다 작은 N-S 효율지수를 보였다. 따라서 주요 기상자료 일부(풍속, 상대습도)가 부족 하거나 측정되지 않는 경우에 증발량 산정을 위해서 Penman (1948) 조합식을 대체하여 일사량자료에 기초한 증발량 산정 방법이 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Among the factors of living environment, the one that is the most closely related with our living is the building. It is one of the biggest reasons for energy consumption as it forms 36% of the total energy consumption. Technologies equipped with excellent energy performance can hardly be applied to rural areas that are relatively poorer. Still, 89.8% rural residents are living in detached houses, and backward houses increase their financial burden and result in reduced insulation performance. Accordingly, this study is going to review the latest research written after 2000 dealing with rural houses and their insulation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of insulation and how to improve insulation performance, conduct field research to find out how to apply low energy technologies applicable to houses with the subjects of experimental houses, the passive houses located in Jecheon City, Hongcheon Saldun zero energy houses, and energy independence villages, and find out how to perform follow-up research on insulation for rural houses. According to the findings, the latest research on insulation for rural houses is mostly focused on walls as well as windows and doors. Also, as ways to improve insulation performance, it suggests us to use high performance insulators, introduce new regeneration energy technology, and secure hermeticity. In addition, through field research, this author could find out low energy technologies applicable to houses such as solar energy facilities and heat recovery systems. Advanced research on insulation for rural houses has been focused on how to use materials or new regeneration energy, so follow-up research will have to consider the types of farming area or the residents’ mode of living.

With a view to creating beautiful farm villages, this study aims to exploit space syntax and thereby establish a systematic plan for refurbishing common farming facilities in farm villages by expanding a remodeling plan that has so far been focused on farm houses to cover different villages as well as in spatial scope. For this purpose, the study has extracted a system of categories for common ownership facilities in farm villages and applicable elements needed for collaboration in the space of joint production by performing a comprehensive analysis of related literature for the purpose of researching the distribution of common farming facilities. Based on such categorization of applicable elements, the study conducted a field survey of the four types of farm villages such as suburban area (Hwaseong), inland farming-centered area (Jeungpyeong), coastal & plain area (Goheung), and mid-mountain area (Gangneung), through group discussions by participating researchers and field pilot surveys. Also, space analysis has come up with measurements based on the five criteria of integration, local integration, control, connectivity, and spatial depth. And a plan for type-specific remodelling of common farming facilities has been drawn up through standardization based on the values in integration for different villages and spatial depth for common farming facilities. The significance of the current study consists in identifying how the location of common farming facilities influences the characteristics of different villages in terms of spatial structure and then drawing up guidelines for planning their placement.

In farming area, the elderly population is increasing year after year. And the gap between farming area and the city regarding quality of life is getting bigger and bigger. Besides, it has much poorer ground for living than the city. The current farming village maintenance project is adopting a different system now from the top-down project exclusively led by the government in the past to the bottom-up one reflecting how the residents think positively. Lack of the residents' understanding and education about the maintenance project, however, some of them are just focused on maintenance and development distorted from making a village where people want to live. Accordingly, this study will analyze the characteristics of farming villages by their types based on field research and spatial analysis using Space Syntax in order to develop more premeditated and effective maintenance plans to perform maintenance in farming area. As a result, When you install streetlights street lights should be installed at places with a high of Connectivity and spatial depth is deep. Based on this method, the research is going to suggest the current status of street furniture improvement in the villages and the proper positions for their future installation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the entire processes of rural amenity resources survey from the beginning to the end, to discuss the results of the survey and resources information establishment, and to comprehensively analyze the status of resources information application. Rural amenity resources survey, which is aimed at finding rural amenity resources to respond to the demands of the resources and support rural development, was first conducted by National Academy of Agricultural Science under Rural Development Administration in 2005. The first survey subjects were 149 eups and myeons in Korea, expanding to the nationwide rural villages. In 2012, the rural amenity resources survey was completed. Next year, the information establishment was completely made. It is expected that the rural amenity resources information established by the survey will be more applied and used, and that with the constant addition of new analyses in line with the changing environment demands, rural amenity resources will contribute to dynamic rural development.

우리나라 전국 43개 기후관측지점을 대상으로 기후 건조지수 추세의 시간적(월별, 계절별, 연별) 동질성을 분석하였다. 또한 43개 기후관측지점을 9개 지역으로 구분하여 이들 각 지역과 전체 9개 지역을 대상으로 시간적 및 지역적인 기후 건조지수 추세의 동질성 유무와 추세정도를 파악하였다. 분석을 위해 43개 기후관측지점의 월별, 계절별 그리고 연별 건조지수를 강수량과 FAO Penman-Monteith식으로 계산된 잠재증발산량으로부터 산정하였다. 또한 산정된 지수를 이용하여 Mann-Kendall 추세분석을 실시하였고, 추세분석 결과(Z scores)를 이용하여 기후 건조지수 추세의 시간적 및 지역적 동질성 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 9개 각 지역과 전체 9개 지역에서 기후 건조지수 추세는 시간적 및 지역적으로 동질성이 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 추세의 동질성 정도 및 추세정도는 시간적 및 지역적으로 다른 양상을 보였다.

This study discusses developing historical trails and ecological trails in rural area. Since the leisure time and interests in environment and health have been increasing, the number of hikers who enjoy the beautiful landscape and regional culture through the exploration of natural regions has been growing. However, these various road haven't been related to the rural village in many cases, so it is necessary to make some alternatives for revitalizing the region and improving incomes of non farm. Therefore this study suggested the applications of rural trail plan that fits for a scale of the rural village and local characteristics. This research divided forms of the rural village road into type of the natural landscape resource (Gangreung Anbandegi Village) and that of the historical culture resource (Yongin Hakil Village) according to amenity resources of objective village. The plan for village road basically made by the best of valuable resources of village unit, connected existing 'Trail' of other departments to the village and suggested a case of plan applied to the field so as to emphasize characteristics of rural area. It should be possible to induce hikers to rural area and be suggested as a measure for improvement of village image, regional vitalization and incomes of non farm.

본 연구에서는 과거 50년간(1961～2010)의 서울 기후관측지점의 월 및 연별 강수량대비 잠재증발산량의 비인 건조지수의 변화를 분석하고, 과거기간(1971～2000)의 건조지수 대비 기후변화시나리오(RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5)에 따른 미래기간별(2011～2040, 2041～2070, 2071～2100) 건조지수 변화율(%) 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 각기 다른 5개의 잠재증발산량 산정식(FAO P-M식, Penman식, Makkink식, Priestley-Taylor식, Hargreaves식)을 적용하여 잠재증발산량 산정식이 건조지수와 건조지수 변화율(%)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 RCP 4.5와 8.5 모두에서 과거기간에 비해서 기후변화시나리오에 따른 미래기간에서 월별 강수량, 평균기온 그리고 잠재증발산량이 증가하였다. 또한 잠재증발산량은 겨울철이 여름철과 비교하여 과거기간 대비 미래기간에서 큰 증가를 보였으나, 건조지수는 강수량의 영향으로 잠재증발산량과 다른 양상을 보였다. 따라서 수자원관리 측면에서 미래기후변화에 따른 겨울철 증발산량의 증가에 따른 적절한 대응이 필요하다. 기후변화시나리오를 반영하여 산정된 미래기간의 월 및 연별 건조지수 값은 각기 다른 잠재증발산량 적용식에 따라서 큰 차이를 보였다. 하지만 과거기간대비 미래기간의 월 및 연별 건조지수 변화율(%) 양상은 적용된 잠재증발산량 산정식에 따라서 큰 차이가 없었다.