Composite materials offer distinct and unique properties that are not naturally inherited in the individual materials that make them. One of the most attractive composites to manufacture is the aluminum alloy matrix composite, because it usually combines easiness of availability, light weight, strength, and other favorable properties. In the current work, Powder Metallurgy Method (PMM) is used to prepare Al2024 matrix composites reinforced with different mixing ratios of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) particles. The tests performed on the composites include physical, mechanical, and tribological, as well as microstructure analysis via optical microscope. The results show that the experimental density slightly decreases while the porosity increases when the reinforcement ratio increases within the selected range of 0 ~ 20 wt%. Besides this, the yield strength, tensile strength, and Vickers hardness increase up to a 10 wt% Y2O3 ratio, after which they decline. Moreover, the wear results show that the composite follows the same paradigm for strength and hardness. It is concluded that this composite is ideal for application when higher strength is required from aluminum composites, as well as lighter weight up to certain values of Y2O3 ratio.

Bi2MoO6 (BMO) via the structure-directing role of CO(NH2)2 is successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal route. The structure, morphology, and photocatalytic performance of the nanoflake BMO are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectrum analysis (PL), UV-vis spectroscopy (UVvis) and electrochemical test. SEM images show that the size of nanoflake BMO is about 50 ~ 200 nm. PL and electrochemical analysis show that the nanoflake BMO has a lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than particle BMO. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by nanoflake BMO under visible light is investigated. The results show that the nanoflake BMO-3 has the highest degradation efficiency under visible light, and the degradation efficiency reached 75 % within 120 min, attributed to the unique hierarchical structure, efficient carrier separation and sufficient free radicals to generate active center synergies. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of TC degradation on the nanoflake BMO is proposed.

본 연구는 세계채소센터의 고추 유전자원들에 대한 침수조건에서 생육특성을 조사해 침수 저항성 자원을 선발하기 위해 수행하였다. 세계채소센터 유전자원센터에서 보유중인 4종의 고추 8자원을 선발하여 유리온실에서 종자를 파종하여 2개월 간 육묘한 후 본 실험을 위해 비닐하우스로 이동 후 침수시험을 수행하였다. 시험에 이용된 고추는 고온인 여름철에 시험이 수행되어 침수에 대한 반응이 매우 빠르게 나타났다. 1. 침수 처리구에서 생육이 전체적으로 감소 되었으나 저항성 자원들은 대조구와 비교하여 초장에 있어 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 침수 처리 후 고추자원의 엽온 조사에서는 No. 29 (9656-13) 자원을 제외한 모든 침수구에서 엽온이 대조구에 비해 높게 유지되었다. 3. 감수성 자원들은 위조지수가 1.5 이상을 나타냈으나 내침 수성 자원들은 0.5로 낮게 유지되었다. 4. SPAD 값을 조사한 결과에 있어서는 침수로 인해 전체적으로 대조구에 비해 10% 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 5. Proline 함량에 있어서는 침수구에서 전체적으로 Proline 함량이 높게 나타났으나 내침수성이 강했던 No. 8과 22는 대조구와 유의차가 없이 낮았다. 6. 침수자원들에 대한 침수와 고온에 따른 화분활력 조사에서는 침수에서 일부 자원의 화분활력 감소를 확인하였으며, 고온처리에서 처리구 대부분의 화분 활력이 유의하게 감소하는 결과를 나타냈다. 7. 본 시험을 통해 이번 시험의 고추자원 중 Capsicum bacatum 종인 No. 8 (VI028788), No. 12 (VI044312) 자원 이 침수저항성이 강한 자원으로 판단되어 1차 선발하였다.

‘Cordillera 4’(Registration No. BPI-NSIC-2019-Rc 566)은 열대 산악지역에 적응하는 고품질 내냉성 자포니카 벼를 개발하기 위해 2019년 육성되었으며 육성 과정 및 주요 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. ‘Cordillera 4’는 열대 산악지역 적응 고품질 내냉성 자포니카 품종 육성을 목적으로 필리핀 소재 국제미작연구소 (IRRI)에서 농촌진흥청 파견 연구원 주도로 ‘97 건기에 필리핀 국제미작연구소에서 ‘Jinmibyeo’와 ‘SR18977-2-7-2-TB-1’ 을 교배한 후 계통육종법으로 육성된 품종이다. 2. 1998년 우기에 F1세대로 부터 얻은 종자를 이용하여 F4 세대까지 계통을 전개하는 과정에서 선발된 ‘IR73699-82-3’계통을 대상으로 2000~2001년 2년간 생산력 검정과 2007~2009 년, 2015~2016년에 각 2회 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2019년에 필리핀 벼 품종심의위원회에서 필리핀 현지명칭인 ‘NSIC 2019 Rc 566’로 선정하고 ‘Cordillera 4’ 로 명명되었다. 3. ‘Cordillera 4’는 파종부터 수확까지 생육일수가 145일인 중생종으로, ‘PSB Rc 96’보다 간장은 크고, 수장은 작으나 포 기당 이삭수는 비슷하다. 현미천립중은 28.3 g으로 ‘PSB Rc 96’보다 무거운 중립종이다. 4. 병해충 반응은 도열병, 잎집무늬마름병, 흰잎마름병, 퉁그로바이러스에는 약하다. 벼멸구와 애멸구 등 충해 저항성은 없으나 이화명충의 일종인 white stemborer에는 ‘PSB Rc 96’과 비슷하게 강한 편이다. 5. ‘Cordillera 4’의 입형은 중립종이고 완전미 도정수율이 64%로 ‘PSB Rc 96’보다 높았으며, 필리핀 소비자 300명을 대상으로 쌀과 밥맛에 대하여 각각 선호도를 조사한 결과, ‘Cordillera 4’가 대비품종인 ‘PSB Rc 96’보다 쌀에서는 94.6%, 밥맛에서는 100%로 현저하게 높게 나타났다. 6. ‘Cordillera 4’의 쌀수량은 필리핀 지역적응시험을 2회로 나누어 추진한 결과, 첫번째에는 평균 2.5MT/ha로 대비품종 ‘PSB Rc 96’보다 30% 높았으며, 두번째에 시험한 결과 평균 3.6MT/ha로 2회 모두 표준품종인 ‘PSB Rc 96’ 보다 안정적으로 높은 수량을 나타냈다.

마늘은 에티오피아에서 양념으로 쓰이는 가장 중요한 작목 중 하나이다. 그럼에도 생산성은 세계 평균의 절반 수준에 머물고 있는 실정이다. 이렇게 생산성이 낮은 주요 원인으로는 품종의 다양성 부족, 낮은 영농기술 수준과 병해충 등을 들 수 있겠다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 한국의 농촌진흥청 국립원 예특작과학원으로부터 13종류의 마늘 품종이 도입되어 데브라 자이트와 쿨룸사에 위치한 농업연구소(Debre Zeit and Kulumsa agricultural research centers)에서 예비 실험이 진행 되었다. 도입된 13 품종 중에서 Namdo, Daeseo 및 Wangyo 57022 등 3 품종에서만 주아 (bulbil)가 형성이 되었다. 한국에서 도입된 마늘 3 품종의 적응성을 조사한 결과는 아래와 같이 정리할 수 있다. 1. Namdo 품종은 구근의 직경이 38~60 mm였고 무게는 25.1 g부터 92.7까지로 다양하였다. 구근은 8~11 쪽으로 구성 되었다. 2. Namdo와 Daeseo 등 한국 품종들은 Kuriftu라는 지역 품종에 비하여 구근의 크기는 약 2배 정도 컸으며, 마늘 쪽의 무게는 약 5배 정도 무거웠다. 하지만 성숙까지의 기간은 지역 품종(120일)에 비하여 약 60일 이상 길었다 (179일). 3. 쿨룸사 농업연구소에서 진행된 재배결과에서는 지역 품종인 Tesday의 생산량은 12.87 t/ha으로 Namdo (9.53 t/ha) 및 다른 실험군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. 하지만 Namdo 품종의 구근 무게는 지역 품종인 G-104/94에 비하여 50% 이상 높은 것으로 확인된 반면, 쪽의 숫자는 9개로 G-94-1/94의 14 개와 Tseday의 23개 보다 유의적으로 적었다. 즉, 상품성 측면에서 한국 품종이 우수하다는 결과로 사료되었다. 4. 파종시기에 따른 Namdo 품종의 발달 차이를 살펴본 결과 높이, 7월 중순에 파종한 경우가 8월이나 9월에 파종한 경우보다 마늘 쪽의 두께, 크기 및 무게가 유의적으로 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 한국에서 도입된 품종 중에서 특히, Namdo의 경우 성장 기간이 조금 떠 짧아질 수 있다면 에티오피아에서 생산이 가능한 품종으로 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to establish a selection process for high quality sperm in bovine semen using sperm separation by magnetic activation (MACS). For this, semen from 21 Nellore bulls was collected using an artificial vagina. To guarantee the presence of pathologies in the ejaculate, animals previously declassified in four consecutive spermiogram were used. Semen was analyzed in five statuses: (1) fresh semen (fresh); (2) density gradient centrifugation (DGC), percoll column; (3) non-apoptotic fraction after separation by MACS (MAC); (4) apoptotic fraction from the separation (MACPOOR); and (5) MAC followed by DGC (MACDGC). Using a computerized analysis system (CASA), motility was measured. The sperm morphology was evaluated by phase contrast, and the supravital test was completed with eosin/nigrosin staining. For DGC, 20 × 106 cells were used in a gradient of 90% and 45% percoll. MACS used 10 × 106 cells with 20 μL of nanoparticles attached to annexin V, and filtered through the MiniMACS magnetic separation column. Membrane integrity was assessed with SYBR-14/IP and mitochondrial potential with JC-1 by flow cytometry. Processing sperm by MACDGC, was more effective in obtaining samples with high quality sperm, verified by the total of abnormalities in the samples: 35.04 ± 2.29%, 21.50 ± 1.47%, 17.30 ± 1.10%, 30.68 ± 1.94% and 10.50 ± 1.46%, respectively for fresh, DGC, MAC, MACPOOR, and MACDGC. The subpopulation of non-apoptotic sperm had a high number of live cells (82.65%), membrane integrity (56.60%) and mitochondrial potential (83.98%) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that this nanotechnological method, that uses nanoparticles, is efficient in the production of high-quality semen samples for assisted reproduction procedures in cattle.

On October 29, 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) pointed out that traditional and non-traditional security should be coordinated, and security development should be integrated into all areas and processes of national development. Terrorism as an escalating threat factor in non-traditional security issues, anti-terrorism has become an important component of maintaining social security and stability, safeguarding people's lives and implementing national security strategy. Focusing on the "14th five-year plan" and the overall national security concept, through analyzing the overall environment of China's current counter-terrorism intelligence, and using the PEST-SWOT model to probe into the strengths and weaknesses of China's counter -terrorism intelligence information security. A scientific and reasonable international coordination and Cooperation Mechanism of counter-terrorism intelligence is put forward to provide an important guarantee for the modernization of counter-terrorism intelligence system and adherence to the overall national security concept.

In the following years, technology has progressed in so many ways that it has provided the cyber society with a resource that only computers can excel at, such as the art of counterfeit of media, which was before unavailable. Deepfakes are a term used to describe this kind of deception. The majority of well-documented Deep Fakes are produced using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) Models, which are essentially two distinct Machine Learning Models that perform the roles of attack and defence. These models create and identify deepfakes until they reach a point where the morphing no longer detects the deepfakes anymore. Using this algorithm/model, it is possible to discover and create new media that has a similar demographic to the training set, resulting in the development of the ideal Deep Fake media. Because the alterations are carried out utilising advanced characteristics, they cannot be seen with the human eye. However, it is completely feasible to develop an algorithm that can automatically identify this kind of tampering carried out via the internet. This not only enables us to broaden the scope of our search beyond a single media item, but also beyond a large library of mixed media. The more it learns, the better it becomes as artificial intelligence takes over in full force with automation. In order to create better deep fakes, new models are being developed all the time, making it more difficult to distinguish between genuine and morphing material.

Cryopreservation is a widely-used efficient means of long-term sperm preservation. However, unlike other types of semen, cryopreserved boar semen has reduced fertility and the efforts continue to optimize post-thawing sperm recovery. In this study, we evaluated the effects of various washing solutions (Hulsen solution, labmade DPBS and commercial DPBS) on post-thawing porcine sperm kinematics (CASA system), viability (SYBR-14/PI) and acrosome integrity (PSA/FITC). We also examined the effect of washing-centrifugation on frozen-thawed semen kinematics. The results indicate that type of washing solution and post-thawing centrifugation alters parameters linked to sperm quality (total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) motility and progressive motility were obtained when cryopreserved semen was processed with Hulsen solution. The postthaw percentage of live and intact acrosomal sperm was significantly higher in group 1 (Hulsen solution) as compared to other groups. Following thawing-centrifugation, the results showed significantly higher motility and progressive motility in group 1 than other groups. However, the latter two DPBS groups did not differ statistically. Taken together, Frozen-thawed spermatozoa motility, acrosome integrity and viability can be affected by the type of washing solution used. Moreover, centrifugation of frozenthawed semen has an unfavorable effect on total motility and progressive motility.

Physical activity and exercise is an important step in the journey of a healthy lifestyle. It reduces the risk of developing many diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. In today’s world, we spend most of our time sitting in front of a computer or mobile phones for work and entertainment. This is one of the leading factors in a lack of physical activities and thus a decrease in the fitness level of many individuals. In this paper, we design a mobile 2D platformer game where progress inside the game world is dependent on physical activity in the real world. The game has two modes namely adventure and story mode. This design can motivate people to lead an active and healthy lifestyle. The physical activity monitoring is done solely through the pedometer of a smartphone held by the user while playing the game. The number of steps walked by the user determines the number of revives inside the adventure mode of the game. There are three levels in the story mode which are unlocked by walking more than a certain number of steps in the real world.

As oracle bone writing entered into its third phase, the script for Phoenix「鳳」was being drawn up as「 」which includes the symbol 「 」. Conventionally, the 「盤」 code, like the 「 」 code, has simply meant a boat. In this article, it is argued that 「 」 means a dugout canoe and 「 」 means a sailing ship. In addition, 「 」 was used as a constituent part of 「 (鳳：Feng)」which was the original character for wind. The word 「凡」 in 「帆」 was used as a metaphorical symbol to mean wind because a sailing ship is used as the metaphor of wind . The Chinese character for「 」later became 「凡」 which constituted the characters for 鳳' and '風'. 般, 'which is considered to be same concept as 「凡」means circling the boat with a sail following the wind according to Shouwen Jiezi（『説文解字』）. Dr. Shizuka Shirakawa, a traditional Chinese calligrapher, interpreted 「凡」 as the first sentence of 「盤」. There is an interpretation that 「盤」 has the meaning of 「盤旋」, and therefore 「盤」 has the meaning of wind. However, I cannot understand that 「盤 旋」（circulate）is a metaphor for wind. Rather, it seems to be more reasonable to assume that 「凡」 means that the sail of a sailing ship receives the wind. The word 「凡」 originally meant sailing ship, and in its expanded meaning, wind, and in addition, it meant ship as a symbol that mediates the divine and human worlds.

In this study, we investigated whether a tool such as a game toy can be used as an augmented reality tool, and a system model that can be extended to a game element using wireless communication technology such as Bluetooth and a controllable module. This is an online ship type game using augmented reality technology and wireless communication technology. In addition, the existing game element was extended by applying a smartphone app control module. The existing game method uses the method of playing the game with only limited functions in the same space. This study expands to augmented reality-based games by implementing contents in a way that matches game objects with the grafting of augmented reality technology, and uses various items that emerge as the limit of reality. Therefore, we standardized the size of game objects so that they can be used three-dimension in all spaces on the screen according to the space arrangement such as overlapping prevention, distance, and height, and augmented reality technology was used to allow the game to be played by manipulation of a smartphone. In addition, we propose a system framework-based model that can be applied to various games, and a framework that can implement various augmented reality environments. The augmented reality-based battle game proposed in this study combines a knowledge-based augmented reality system that can be extended to game elements by modularizing the function of a toy through+ a context-aware agent based on context information and an intelligent DB based on domain knowledge.

본 연구는 다음 두 가지 목표를 가진다. 첫째, 미시오 데이(missio Dei)를 신자들의 삶에서 경험하는 영성으로 측정하는 개념적 틀을 구상하는 것이다. 둘째, 이 틀을 바탕으로 영성을 양적으로 또한 질적으로 조사할 수 있는 설문지를 만드는 것이다. 이 연구는 미시오 데이(missio Dei)와 사람들의 영적 경험 간의 관계를 살펴보는 문헌 조사를 시작으로 수행된다. 그 다음에는 미시오 데이(missio Dei)를 주관적 영성 경험으로 측정할 수 있는 틀을 구상하고, 윤리적 고려사항에 대한 권고와 2020-2021년 봉쇄, 고립, 격리 기간에 사람들의 영성을 측정한 설문 조사 결과의 데이터 분석으로 마무리된다. 본 연구는 미시오 데이(missio Dei)를 영적 양과 질로 측정할 수 있는 개념적 틀을 고안하여 미래 연구 설계의 기반으로 사용된다는데 큰 의의를 가진다.