Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that accounts for over 9% of all incidences of cancer. Additionally, colorectal cancer is widely recognized as an environmental disease related to ill-defined cultural, social and lifestyle factors including physical activity, obesity, cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. Accordingly, natural phytochemicals and extracts have attracted attention because of their beneficial biological effects. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a common supplementary medicine applied to increase bioenergetic capacity in various diseases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether CoQ10 treatment has any inhibitory effects and its related cellular mechanisms in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. A MTT assay revealed that CoQ10 slightly decreased the proliferation of HCT116 cells; however, glutathione- and superoxide dismutase- activity were unchanged in response to CoQ10 treatment. A DCF-DA assay revealed that CoQ10 slightly increased ROS release of HCT116 cells. However, in a nitric oxide (NO) assay, CoQ10 significantly increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot analysis revealed that the protein levels of Bax, p21 and p53 were increased, whereas the protein level of Bcl2 was decreased suggesting that the CoQ10-mediated inhibitory mechanism is associated with apoptotic signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that CoQ10 has an inhibitory effect on the growth of colon cancer cells via NO production that is associated with regulation of factors involved in apoptotic signaling including Bax, Bcl2, p21 and p53.

This study would investigate the significance of Ondo I during the Joseon dynasty period centering around the structure and significance of Ondo!, an understanding of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and examples related to Ondo! that appeared in the Annals. Ondo!, which has been with the Korean people for the past 3,000 years, which has a lot of meaning from a social welfare aspect as well as architectural significance. Tlu·ough The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it was noted that during the Joseon dynasty period, Ondo! was used for students' health, for the practice of filial behavior and for Jost children.

Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. is a perennial herb found widely distributed in various regions of Korea, Europe, and New Zealand. The root of A. sylvestris have been extensively used in the treatment for antitussive, antipyretic, cough remedy in Oriental medicine, but the physiologically active function of the leaf of A. sylvestris is as yet unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and the mechanism of cell death of water extracts of leaf of Anthriscus sylvestris (WELAS), on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Our data showed that WELAS treatment inhibited cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the treatment of WELAS markedly induced apoptosis in FaDu cells, as determined by the viability assay, DAPI stain and FACS analysis. WELAS also increased the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -9 and PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase). In addition, exposure to WELAS decreased the expression of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic factor), but increased the expression of Bax (a pro-apoptotic factor), suggesting that mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways are mediated in WELAS-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that water extracts of leaf of A. sylvestris inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, we propose that the water extracts of leaf of A. sylvestris is a novel chemotherapeutic drug, having growth inhibitory properties and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

The study discussed advanced-level Korean high school EFL learners’ demotivation and remotivation strategies in English learning. Demotivation refers to specific external forces that reduce or harm motivation; remotivation is the process of recovering the reduced motivation. Although both are common in L2 learning, only a few studies address this issue. Using the survey data of 130 participants, the study identified eight demotivating factors through factor analysis. The first factor, negative attitude toward English, indicates that even high school students felt demotivated because of the sheer difficulty of studying English. Descriptive statistics revealed that a negative attitude toward the English-speaking community was not a strong demotivator, which indicated that students possessed Machiavellian motivation. Correlation and regression analysis suggested that no demotivator had a significant negative relationship with English scores; rather, the ways students perceived the demotivators were more important. Eight remotivation strategies were identified; among those, “Keep thinking about the social importance of English” was the most often mentioned one. These results suggested the need for further qualitative, systemic research on remotivators and for training programs for practicing remotivation strategies.

Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), derived from French lilac (Galega officinalis), is a first-line anti-diabetic drug prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of metformin in odontoblastic cell differentiation is still unclear. This study therefore undertook to examine the effect of metformin on regulating odontoblast differentiation in MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. As compared to controls, metformin significantly accelerated the mineralization, significantly increased and accelerated the expressions of ALP and Col I mRNAs, and significantly increased the accelerated expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 mRNAs, during differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. There was no alteration in cell proliferation of MDPC-23 cells, on exposure to metformin. These results suggest that the effect of metformin on MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells, facilitates the odontoblast differentiation and mineralization, without altering the cell proliferation.

Purpose: The study was to investigate the effect of fatigue severity on dry eye syndrome in adults. Methods: Structured questionnaires were used for 365 adults (97 males, 268 females), participants of sex, age, ocular history including basic population, sociological variables and with the investigation of lifestyles, including, were to write to self-evaluate FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale), OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index). Results: The mean fatigue severity of 365 subjects was examined as 4.52 ± 1.37. When divided by 3.22 into the low fatigue group and the high fatigue group as node, the low fatigue group was 19.5% (71 people) and the high fatigue group was 80.5% (294 people). The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was 88.8% (324 people), mild 21.6% (79 people), moderate 15.9% (58 people) and severe 51.3% (18 people). Dry eye syndrome was on the severity of the low fatigue group in severe 29.6% (21 people), moderate 21.1% (15 people), mild 32.4% (23 people), normal 16.9% (12 people), in the high fatigue group severe 56.5% (166 people), moderate 32.5% (23 people), mild 19.1% (56 people), normal 9.9% (29 people). Dry eye syndrome was significantly different according to fatigue severity (F = 70.851, P = 0.000). Conclusions: The results of the analysis of the effect of dry eye syndrome according to fatigue severity showed that the higher the fatigue, the more eye fatigue is considered to be dry.

The purpose of this study is to provide a standardization for the modem use of traditional phrases. Until now, the theory has been developed that the room warms up when the room is warmed through the fireplace. In this study, we propose the definite shape and size of the mechanism that is dedicated to heating and cooking in an ondol system. When using a few kilograms of fuel according to the size of the room, the temperature is raised. The time to stay heated and the time to cool down are recognized and the structure of a whale-lariat chimney was proposed to effectively demonstrate the functions of the spheres

The compressive strength and electrical resistance of pitch-based carbon fiber (CF) in cementitious materials are explored to determine the feasibility of its use as a functional material in construction. The most widely used CFs are manufactured from polyacrylonitrile (PAN-based CF). Alternatively, short CFs are obtained in an economical way using pitch as a precursor in a melt-blown process (pitch-based CF), which is cheaper and more eco-friendly method because this pitch-based CF is basically recycled from petroleum residue. In the construction field, PAN-based CFs in the form of fabric are used for rehabilitation purposes to reinforce concrete slabs and piers because of their high mechanical properties. However, studies have revealed that construction materials with pitch-based CF are not popular. This study explores the compressive strength and electrical resistances of a cement paste prism using pitch-based CF.

As emphasis has increased on English as an international language and on the globalized image of universities, the number of native English speaker teachers (NETs) has also increased in Korean universities. From the poststructuralist view, teacher identity is constructed through participation in valued activities of the community of practice, and it is not fixed but constantly negotiated through the interaction of the context (Wenger, 1998). While previous studies focused on nonnative English speaker teachers’ identity construction, little attention has been paid to NETs in the EFL context. Considering the need to explore teacher identity from recent theoretical perspectives, the present study investigates how NETs negotiate conflicting identities and construct their teacher identities in the Korean university context. The findings show the NETs constructed multiple identities of an English educator, a collaborative volunteer, a non-tenured instructor, and a cultural and linguistic outsider, and they legitimize their professor identity through their participation in the present and imagined community of competent teachers. The findings support the claim that teacher identity is embedded in the sociocultural context that interacts with the individual agency in making sense of who they are. Implications and suggestions of the study are addressed based on the findings.

President Park geun hye recently mentioned "we need to find masters of our traditional culture such as music, dance, art & design and technician for ONDOL as the Korean heating system to develop for our future growth". The government moreover announced the plan proceeds global business by ONDOL system and natural constructing techniques but there aren't specified procedures brought yet. International society of Hanok as a group which is deeply involved in promoting Korean traditional heating system "Ondo!", should now be the most influential group in globalization.

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools possessing high hardness and abrasive wear resistance are particularly suited for drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, where tool life and consistent hole quality are important. While PCD presents superior performance when drilling CFRP, it is unclear how it performs when drilling multi-stack materials such as CFRP-titanium (Ti) stacks. This comparative study aims to investigate drilling of a Ti plate stacked on a CFRP panel when using PCD tools. The first sequence of the drilling experiments was to drill 20 holes in CFRP only. CFRP-Ti stacks were then drilled for the next 20 holes with the same drill bit. CFRP holes and CFRP-Ti stack holes were evaluated in terms of machined hole quality. The main tool wear mechanism of PCD drills is micro-fractures that occur when machining the Ti plate of the stack. Tool wear increases the instability and the operation temperature when machining the Ti plate. This results in high drilling forces, large hole diameter errors, high surface roughness, wider CFRP exit thermal damage, and taller exit Ti burrs.

To determine the medicinal properties of Pleurotus cornucopiae and Safflower Oil (PS), the osteoblast effect was investigated. PS can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. It was taken the measurements of biochemical factors such as serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, IGF-1, and bone status. Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups for 12 weeks of treatment: (1) sham operation (SHAM) + vehicle; (2) ovariectomy (OVX) + vehicle; (3) OVX + 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg); (4) OVX + PS (300 mg/kg/d, PO). At the end of the experiment, bone turnover, and trabecular microarchitecture were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histopathology, respectively. Ovariectomized rats experienced remarkable increases in global volumetric bone density, and trabecular microarchitecture deterioration. These OVX-induced pathological changes are reversible in that most of them could be mostly corrected upon 17β-estradiol treatment. PNS treatment significantly prevented bone mass loss and microarchitecture deterioration. Moreover, PS enhanced osteoblast activity but suppressed osteoclast turnover, as evidenced by decreased levels of serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. PS mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture.

This article aims to introduce and critically analyze the jurisprudence and its application in the UPP case in South Korea with reference to the ECtHR case law. In this controversial case, the CCK decided to dissolve the UPP and, without any basis in positive law, disqualify five National Assembly members affiliated with it. It is argued that when the CCK attempted to articulate the principle of proportionality that the ECtHR case law has firmly developed in this field and to apply it to this case, standards governing the dissolution of political parties were distorted at least in two ways. First, it substituted ‘social need’ for “pressing social need.” Second, it deliberately omitted the requirement of ‘sufficient imminence.’ In addition, the reasoning of the majority of eight justices based upon the rule of evidence in civil proceedings can also be criticized for being too abrupt to be justified in this highly controversial case of constitutional importance.

In this study, a survey was conducted among students who received ARPA/radar simulation training in order to verify the effect of training. An effective training method based on the analysis results was also proposed. Furthermore, this study analyzed full mission simulation conducted over one semester, and found that training effect increased as time passed. The survey showed improvement in skills related to radar/ARPA utilization, ARPA decoding, ship handling, and overall skill. Students responded practical skills improved more than theoretical knowledge, and also analysis showed that ship handling skills had a larger effect than radar decoding skills on improving overall skill, therefore proposed that theoretical education regarding the functions of radar and ARPA should be reinforced in ARPA/radar simulation training.