3D 프린팅은 최근 다양한 분야에서 활용 되고 있다. 다양한 활용 분야 중 사람의 얼굴을 3D 프린팅을 위해서는 먼저 3D 얼굴 데이터를 생성해야 한다. 3D 얼굴 데이터 획득을 위해 레이저 스캐너 등이 활용되고 있으나 스캔 중에 사람이 움직이면 안 되는 제약이 있다. 본 논문에서는 단일 영상 기반의 3D 얼굴 모델링 방법과 생성된 3D 얼굴을 가상 성형 등에 쓰일 수 있도록 얼굴 변형 시스템을 제안한다. 3D 얼굴 데이터 생성을 위해 3D 얼굴 데이터베이스로부터 특징점들을 정의하였다. 단일 얼굴 영상으로부터 얼굴을 특징점을 추출 한 후 3D 얼굴 데이터베이스로부터 정의된 3D 얼굴 특징점과 대응하여 입력 얼굴 영상의 3D 얼굴을 생성한다. 3D 얼굴 생성 후에 가상 성형 등의 용도를 위해 얼굴 변형 부분을 적용하였다.

최근 다엽콜리메이터를 부착한 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선수술의 빈도가 점차 높아지고 있다. 이러한 정교한 방사선 수술은 소조사면 내에 고선량의 방사선이 집중적으로 조사되기 때문에 체계적이고 정확한 정도관리가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 PIB(Particle in Binder) 방식 중 침전법을 이용하여 400 ㎛ 두께의 요오드화납(PbI2)과 요오드화수은(HgI2) 광도전체 센서 시편를 제작하였다. 제작된 시편의 전기적 특성은 암전류, 출력전류, 응답특성 및 선형성을 평가하였다. 평가 결과, HgI2 가 우수한 신호발생량과 선형성을 보였다. 끝으로, 두께에 따른 HgI2 센서의 신호반응 특성 결과, 400 ㎛ 두께에서 신호발생효율이 가장 높았고, ±2.5 % 이내의 우수한 재현성을 보였다.

This study was carried out to examine the effects of NaOCl, sucrose, and BA concentration as pretreatment solution on quality and vase life of cut flowers in Dendranthema grandiflorum ‘Jinba’. Flower diameter, fresh weight, and vase life in control and 0 mg･L -1 NaOCl treatments decreased, and the treatment with 100~200 mg･L -1 NaOCl was more effective in the quality and vase life. In pretreatment with 2.5% sucrose solution, flower diameter and fresh weight decreased and vase life was shortest due to the rapid leaf wilting. However, pretreatment with 0.1% sucrose solution increased the flower diameter and fresh weight, and showed the longest vase life. When more than 80 mg･L -1 BA was treated with pretreatment solution, flower diameter and fresh weight decreased, and vase life was shortened. With pretreatment of 20 mg･L -1 BA, the flower diameter was bigger than in the other treatments, but it was no effect on fresh weight and vase life. Therefore, it was suggested that pretreatment solution mixed with 200 mg･L -1 NaOCl, 0.1% sucrose, and 20 mg･L -1 BA was the most effective for the quality and vase life of cut flowers in standard chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’.

일반골재인 자갈, 모래와 중량골재인 산화 슬래그 및 자철광을 이용하여 5 종류의 콘크리트를 제작하여 감마선 차폐특성과 압축강도를 살펴보았다. 골재는 평균적인 크기에 따라 비교적 작은 크기의 잔골재와 큰 크기의 굵은 골재로 구분하여 사용하였다. 실험 결과 산화 슬래그 잔골재와 굵은 골재를 사용한 콘크리트가 일반 골재만을 이용하여 배합한 콘크리트 시 편보다 137Cs 감마선에 대해 2% 향상된 감쇠계수인 0.371 cm-1을 기록하였다. 각 시편들의 단위중량을 측정한 결과 자철광 잔골재와 산화 슬래그 굵은 골재로 배합한 조건의 단위중량이 가장 높은 3,175 kg·m-3이었다. 산화슬래그를 잔골재와 굵은 골재로 배합한 조건의 단위중량은 3,052 kg·m-3으로 최대 단위중량 조건보다 123 kg·m-3 낮았지만 감쇠계수는 오히려 0.012 cm-1 향상되었다. 골재들의 화학성분 분석결과 산화 슬래그는 자철광에 비해 마그네슘의 비율은 낮고 칼슘의 비율은 높아 구성에 있어서 차이를 보였다. 따라서 산화슬래그만을 골재로 사용한 경우 자철광을 잔골재로 사용한 경우보다 단위 중량은 낮았지만 마그네슘과 비교하여 원자번호가 큰 칼슘의 비율이 높아서 감마선 차폐성능이 향상된 것으로 생각된다. 중량골재가 배합된 모든 시편들은 일반 골재를 이용한 콘크리트보다 압축강도가 높았고, 산화슬래그와 자철광의 잔골재만을 사용한 경우 4주 양생 후 압축강도가 일반 콘크리트에 비해 45% 향상된 50.2 MPa을 기록하였다.

Lectins belong to the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) class and play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. Recently, it was reported that lily-type lectin-1 is involved when a pathogen attacks in the early immune response of fish. However, this study is limited to information that the lectin is involved in the innate immune response against viral infection. In the present study, the lily-type lectin-2 and -3 of Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfLTL-2 and 3) have been presented to be included B-lectin domain and two D-mannose binding sites in the amino acid sequence that an important feature for the fundamental structure. To investigate the functional properties of OfLTLs, the tissue distribution in the healthy rock bream and temporal expression during early developmental stage analysis are performed using quantitative real-time PCR. OfLTL-2 and 3 are predominantly expressed in the liver and skin, but rarely expressed in other organ. Also, the transcripts of OfLTLs are not expressed during the early developmental stage but its transcripts are increased after immune-related organs which are fully formed. In the challenge experiment with RBIV (rock bream iridovirus), the expression of OfLTLs was increased much more strongly in the late response than the early, unlike previously known. These results suggest that OfLTLs are specifically expressed in the immune-related tissues when those organs are fully formed and it can be inferred that the more intensively involved in the second half to the virus infection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of Israeli carp. Four combinations of Israeli carp from Jeonbuk fisheries farm and Songpu mirror carp from Heilong Jiang, China (KK; Jeonbuk ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂, KC; Jeonbuk ♀ × China ♂, CC; China ♀ × China ♂ and CK; China ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. Body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 and 170 days post-hatch (DPH). The results showed that there were differences in growth rate of the four groups. Body length of four groups were CK > CC > KC > KK and body weight were CC > CK > KC > KK at 170 DPH. The growth perfomance of four groups were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). During the rearing, CC group had longer length and higher weight at 170 DPH compared to other three groups and also condition factor was highest in the CC group, but there was no significant difference in a survival rate. These results indicated that the growth performance mainly depended upon brooder combination but survival rate could not significantly affect brooder.

A 67-year-old man presented with painful whitish mucosal rashes on the left side of his palate at initial presentation, and subsequently, multiple, grouped erythematous vesicular eruptions developed on the left side of his face (V2-V3 distribution). In this case, the distribution pattern of oral lesions were atypical of herpes zoster infection. Attention should be paid to the possibility that such symptoms could be early signs of herpes zoster infection.

Diagnosis of scrub typhus is difficult because of its unspecific symptoms. The authors studied the correlation between serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels and scrub typhus, with the aim of aiding diagnose of the disease. The medical records of 64 children, who visited Wonkwang University Hospital from 2005 to 2015 for fever of undetermined origin, were analyzed retrospectively. Serum ADA levels were measured and indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assays were conducted. The patients were divided into two groups based on diagnosis of scrub typhus. Of 64 febrile patients, 39 were confirmed to have scrub typhus. Mean serum ADA level in the scrub typhus group (58.54±2.82 IU/L) was significantly higher than that in the non-scrub typhus group (29.30±4.03 IU/L, p<0.05). In the 25 non-scrub typhus patients, mean serum ADA level was significantly higher (50.24±8.52 IU/L) in patients with Mycoplasma infection than that in those with other diseases (19.46±1.39 IU/L, p<0.05). The study shows that in patients with only fever who are difficult to diagnose, serum ADA levels substantially aid the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Ed:- please consider carefully

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to discuss problems and propose the direction of the current international university placement program in the country by deriving the concept of and developing questionnaires for 'service satisfaction'. Research design, data, and methodology –The SERVQUAL scale was used to measure the quality of services. In this study reliability, empathy, and assurance are used to measure the quality of the international university placement system, considering the characteristics of the education environment. The survey data is based on responses from 280 students who either have completed the international university placement system and currently studying abroad, or are studying the domestic part of the program. Cronbach's Alpha value was calculated. To verify the hypothesis, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results - According to the study, the satisfaction rate of the domestic learning process is heavily relied on reliability and empathy; particularly empathy on the curriculum of the international placement program. The study also found that to make students to feel a high sense of achievement, the satisfaction rate is a priority which should be improved. Conclusions - The results from the analysis of the hypothesis shows that the satisfaction rate of students who are taking the domestic part of the international university placement program should be increased.

In December 2015, we have installed neutron monitors at the Jang Bogo station in Antarctica. The Jang Bogo station is the second science station which is located at the coast (74° 37.4´S, 164° 13.7´E) of Terra Nova Bay in Northern Victoria Land of Antarctica. A neutron monitor is an instrument to detect neutrons from secondary cosmic rays collided by the atmosphere. The installation of neutron monitor at Jang Bogo station is a part of transferred mission for neutron monitor at McMurdo station of USA. Among 18 tubes of 18-NM64 neutron monitor, we have completed relocation of 6 tubes and the rest will be transferred in December 2017. Currently, comparison of data from the neutron monitors of both two stations is under way and there is a good agreement between the data. The neutron monitors at Jang Bogo station will be quite useful to study the space weather when the installation is completed.

The space radiation dose over air routes including polar routes should be carefully considered, especially when space weather shows sudden disturbances such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, and accompanying solar energetic particle events. We recently established a heliocentric potential (HCP) prediction model for real-time operation of the CARI-6 and CARI-6M programs. Specifically, the HCP value is used as a critical input value in the CARI-6/6M programs, which estimate the aviation route dose based on the effective dose rate. The CARI-6/6M approach is the most widely used technique, and the programs can be obtained from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). However, HCP values are given at a one month delay on the FAA official webpage, which makes it difficult to obtain real-time information on the aviation route dose. In order to overcome this critical limitation regarding the time delay for space weather customers, we developed a HCP prediction model based on sunspot number variations (Hwang et al. 2015). In this paper, we focus on improvements to our HCP prediction model and update it with neutron monitoring data. We found that the most accurate method to derive the HCP value involves (1) real-time daily sunspot assessments, (2) predictions of the daily HCP by our prediction algorithm, and (3) calculations of the resultant daily effective dose rate. Additionally, we also derived the HCP prediction algorithm in this paper by using ground neutron counts. With the compensation stemming from the use of ground neutron count data, the newly developed HCP prediction model was improved.

The core purpose of the paper is to explore perceptual displays of rural India towards the role and impact of ICT in transforming the lives through education and telecommunications. After meticulous review of pertinent literature on ICT, and its policy framework, the researcher administers both quantitative and qualitative field data collected from the villages of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu with a sample of 250 from each state. More than 90 percent of respondents from the four southern states in India clearly thought that the role and impact of ICT is very momentous. Predominantly, cent percent respondents from Kerala evinced that ICT is the major reason for achieving the tag of “100% Literacy State”. And also in the remaining three states viz., Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, the literacy rate has crossed mind-boggling figures only because of ICT’s reinforcement. Even in the arena of telecommunications, these four states average telecom density is more than the country’s average. The paper concentrated only on how ICT function empirically to build human capacity in rural south-India through the sectors of only education and telecom. This study is first of its kind and precious to all stakeholders of the ICT sector like educational institutional, telecom firms, customers, employees, and governments, etc.

Contaminated soils and water by heavy metals have posed a serious threat to environment and human health, which can be solved by both physicochemical and biological methods. Phytoremediation has recently become a topic of scientific research and gained much attention as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Many kinds of hyperaccumulator plants have been applied to deal with heavy metal contaminants such as As, Cd, Pb, Zn and various radionuclides. In recent study, a seedling vigor index (SVI) model, which uses specific hyperaccumulator plants (i.e., sunflower) as test subjects, is proposed to predict the phytotoxicity of heavy metals. However, whether this mathematical model can be commonly used has not been cleared yet. In this study, rapeseeds were treated with Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn to validate the SVI model which was proposed by some scholars previously. The phytotoxicity of heavy metal was evaluated using seed germination test and seedling length measurement. The test shows that germination percentage and seedling length decreased when heavy metal concentration increased. According to the results of regression analysis, heavy metal concentration is linear to germination percentage, root and shoot length, corresponding with SVI model. It can be concluded that the SVI estimation model obtained from sunflowers can also be applied to rapeseeds to describe the relative effects of heavy metal concentration on plants growth and development.. However, further experiments using more hyperaccumulator plants to validate the applicability of the SVI model are necessary.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the preparation method on CeO2-promoted Cu/γ -Al2O3 catalysts for the high temperature shift reaction using simulated waste-derived syngas (H2 + CO). To investigate the effect of preparation method on the CeO2-promoted Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, we compared catalytic performance over Ce/Cu/γ-Al2O3, Ce-Cu/γ-Al2O3, Cu/Ce/γ-Al2O3, and Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, and tried to explain the differences in catalytic performance with various characterization methods. The physico-chemical properties of the CeO2-promoted catalysts were characterized using surface spectroscopies such as BET, XRD, TPR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and N2O-chemisorption. The catalyst characterizations were correlated with activity results in the high temperature shift reaction.

This research assessed the disparity in anion generation according to the vertical structure of a Zelkova Serrata tree for the purpose of creating a pleasant and green city environment. Measurements for the study were conducted between July and August of 2014 in Chung-ju in the central region of the Republic of Korea. The average anion generation of vertical structure trees during active photosynthesis periods was: L Section (839.0 ea/cm3) > M Section (664.6 ea/cm3) > U Section (472.0 ea/cm3). According to DMRT analysis, significant difference was found in the average between the L, or M Locations and the U Locations. During dormant photosynthesis periods, records showed that the anion production at the M Location (1,212.5 ea/cm3) > L Location (1,050.4 ea/cm3) > H Location (844.1 ea/cm3), According to DMRT analysis, the difference within each location was significant for α=0.05. In a comprehensive analysis of the weather factors in each vertical structure, anion generation during active photosynthesis periods showed a positive correlation with solar radiation and a negative correlation with wind speed. Dormant photosynthesis periods showed negative correlations with both solar radiation and temperature, and positive correlations with relative humidity and wind speed. Predictions from a multicenter retrospective study showed that during active photosynthesis periods, Y1 = 282.443X1 + 512.07, and Y2 = 314.337X1 + 16.913X2, while during dormant photosynthesis periods, Y1=391.009X1 + 840.043, and Y2=351.412X1 + 32.765X2.

The objective of this study was to determine the CH4 oxidation factor (%) and the CH4 oxidation rate (g m−2 d−1) in landfill cover soil. To quantify in-situ rates of CH4 oxidation, CH4 and CO2 fluxes were measured on a landfill site using the static chamber technique. The CH4 oxidation factor obtained in this study through the mass balance method ranged between 41% and 61%, which is much higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default value of 10%. The higher CH4 oxidation factor derived in this study can be explained by the CH4 bottom flux in addition to the soil texture. The CH4 oxidation factors were observed to increase with decreases in CH4 bottom flux. Therefore, when CH4 bottom fluxes are high in a landfill, using a gas collection system can enhance CH4 oxidation factor. The CH4 oxidation rates were estimated to range from 16.6 g m−2 d−1 to 20.8 g m−2 d−1. In addition, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vegetation on the CH4 oxidation factor. The results showed that the CH4 oxidation factors for bare soil, vegetated soil, and soil adjacent to a gas well were 57%, 70%, and 44%, respectively. The results indicate that vegetation on landfill covers can increase the CH4 oxidation factor because of increasing soil porosity.

This study presents a system dynamics methodology to evaluate quantitatively the effect of the Korean government’s development policy, such as tax reductions, on the industrial economy. System dynamics is often perceived as an optimized means to identify the dynamic inter-relationships among various factors of development policies, and in particular the industrial characteristics and uncertainties of the coastal shipping industry. The results of simulations used in this study shows that the impact of development policies such as tax reductions would increase shipping demand for about 4 years, and that tax incentives could raise the demand volume for cabotage cargo from 5.26 to 11.11%, through the available freight- down by 90∼95% points. The system dynamics approach used in this paper represents an initial attempt to use this methodology in studies of the coastal shipping industry. On the basis of our simulations, the industrial effects of other development policies, such as ship financing support, investment of social overhead, or crew supply, could also be analyzed effectively. Additionally, it should be possible to extend these results by developing a comprehensive model encompassing these various analyses.

Accidents and incidents caused by poor performance in the maritime industry suggest the need to find ways to improve performance in order to operate effectively and improve safety. The data for this study was collected from maritime students and involves the performance and levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Various motivational factors were identified and the ways in which these factors relate to performance was analyzed. The importance of considering motivation when recruiting new trainees and workers, and continually looking for ways to increase intrinsic motivation, is stressed throughout this paper. The results suggest that high levels of good quality motivation correlate positively with better performance.

Purpose - The study sought to examine the relationship between individual characteristics and system features and Human Resource Information System (HRIS) success in Japanese manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Research Design, Data, and Methodology – This study adopt quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and system features and HRIS. Toward this objective, a total of 700 questionnaires were mailed to a representative of the organization. A total of 187 questionnaires were returned, and only 145 were usable for further analysis, representing a response rate of 20.71%. Result - Results indicated that individual characteristics and two dimensions of system characteristics (ease of use and training) were significantly related to HRIS success. Unexpectedly, the results showed that the third dimension of system features (documentation) was unrelated to HRIS success. Conclusions - The results partially support the underlying arguments that individual characteristics and system characteristics have significant influences on HRIS success. The finding suggests that HRIS success in the organization can be generated as a result of good implementation of system support and employees’ readiness to apply HRIS in their jobs.

Background : Ginseng is a perennial, and damage occurs due to various diseases and pests. As a result, yield decreases and quality deteriorates. In particular, it is impossible to be repeatedly cultivated due to root rot, soil-borne disease. For this, in order to control root rot and repeatedly cultivate ginseng by using soil fumigation from virgin soil, this experiment was conducted. Methods and Results : This experiment was performed in ginseng farm field, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam province. And total area was 3ha. And the experiment was conducted in soil where apple trees had been grown. Apple trees were rooted up in 2006. And soil was fumigated in May 2007. With regard to soil fumigant, soil was treated with Basamid of 40kg/10a. After soil fumigation, 5 ton/10a of cattle manure fermented for 1 year was put in the soil in June, and then the soil was cared for by being plowed and rotary-tilled as occasion. Ginseng seeds were sowed in the soil cared for in October 2007. And 4-year-old ginseng was harvested in 2011. The soil from which ginseng was harvested was fumigated by the same method in May 2012, and then ginseng seeds were sowed in 1.5ha in October 2012 and in 1.5ha in October 2013. In October 2013, 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng was harvested. And ginseng growth characteristics and root rot incidence was examined. It was shown that 4-year-old ginseng yield after the fumigation of virgin soil was nearly 2 times as high as that of conventional virgin soil cultivation. And root rot didn't occur. After that time, the soil was fumigated again. And when ginseng was cultivated, 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng yield was 650kg and 960kg per 10a. And it was shown that root rot incidence was 1.3% and 15.3% in 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng respectively. Conclusion : This study showed the results where ginseng can be cultivated repeatedly if soil was fumigated again after ginseng was harvested following the soil fumigation from virgin soil so as to control the ginseng root rot and cultivate ginseng repeatedly.