During the 1950s, the North Koreans rebuilt their capital—Pyongyang—as a modern city under the principle of Soviet urban design. One North Korean architect, Kim Jung-hee, has been widely credited since the late 1980s as the master architect of the General Plan of the city’s reconstruction. While Kim Jung-hee played a crucial role in its reconstruction, his heroic image as the founding architect of Pyongyang is considerably attributed to North Korea’s mythical narratives rather than his historical activities. This paper argues that Pyongyang’s postwar urban design was not a work made by a single actor, Kim Jung-hee; rather, it was a long-term collaborative project in which a team of North Korean architects and Soviet technical advisors took their respective roles. Beginning in the late 1980s, North Korea, which had been struggling with economic decline and an increasing sense of lagging behind in its rivalry with its Southern counterpart, used heroic narratives during the 1950s’ postwar reconstruction period as an important propaganda tool for their regime. In this mythical narrative of Pyongyang’s reconstruction, massive economic and technical aid from other communist countries has often disappeared, and the memory of the architects who contributed greatly to the reconstruction but later purged in North Korea have also completely vanished. Kim Jung-hee, meanwhile, remained in this epic as the founding architect who rebuilt the city in faithful accordance with the leadership of Kim Il Sung.

This study investigates the relationship of two architectures ‘Kim Sa-haeng’ and ‘Park Ja-cheong.’ They were the architects whose architecture were established and well known however they were not acknowledged by the people. Because they were not revealed under the large-scale national construction in complicated circumstances at home and abroad. The results were as follows; First, Kim Sa-haeng who was an overseas architect in Yuan dynasty stood out in all areas of architecture. Particularly in making royal tombs; His works were recognized as the most beautiful royal tombs ever existed and was later on followed by the Joseon dynasty. Second, Park completed the construction of Joseon's by faithfully reflecting on the discussed process of Neo-Confucian while coming after the time of the construction of Kim Sa-haeng. Third, although Kim Sa-haeng was a vassal of the Buddhist nation in Goryeo, he built the Moon-myo, a Confucian inspired temple of Joseon. Park Ja-cheong, who continued to build Kim Sa-haeng's architecture, reproduced Kim Sa-haeng's confucian's temple of Joseon dynasty while modifying it according to the situation in Joseon dynasty. The constructions of the two architects' monuments continues unabatedly. Their architecture has continued without massive changes.

This study examines the seismic failure of RC low-rise building structures having irregularities at the ground story during the 15 November 2017 Pohang, Korea, earthquake, Mw = 5.4, which is the second strongest since the government began monitoring them in 1978 in South Korea. Some 2,000 private houses were damaged or destroyed in this earthquake. Particularly, serious damage to the piloti story of RC low-rise residential building structures of fewer than five stories was observed within 3 km of the epicenter with brittle shear failure of columns and walls due to severe torsional behavior. Buildings below six stories constructed before 2005 did not have to comply with seismic design requirements, so confinement detailing of columns and walls also led to inadequate performance. However, some buildings constructed after 2005 were damaged at the flexible side of the piloti story due to the high torsional irregularity. Based on these results, this study focuses on the problems of the seismic torsion design approach in current building codes.

This study investigates the types and spread of framed structures of gable roofs meeting at right angle showed in old architecture and documentary paintings of houses, which were well liked in the early Joseon Dynasty. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, the framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle can be divided or recognized in 4 types according to their structure’s size and purlin’s position. Three of those types were noted to be in Seoul. Second, the framed structure of gable roofs meeting at right angle begun from the awareness of their independence from one another. Each space was divided based on their functions. Therefore, it could be extended in various forms, not only in the square plan physique but also in many different forms. And allowed free plan configuration regardless of column layouts or size of structure. Third, 5 purlins and 3 purlins crossing structure were preferred in Han-yang, the early Joseon Dynasty. It is related to the specific construction conditions of urban houses, such as the slope of land, limited land area, and economic power. Fourth, urban housing techniques were diffused throughout the country by officials who lived in Kae-gyeong and Han-yang at the end of Goryeo and early Joseon Dynasty. In other regions, framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle households decreased, but in some regions of Gyeongsang-province, framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle has maintained with Staggered purlin.

Construction techniques and materials are developing and structures are designed to be irregular shaped, and therefore more detailed structural analysis is required. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause of accidents related to falsework systems during construction and discuss prevention methods in order to prevent accidents relate to prefabricated shoring system during construction. In this paper structural analysis was conducted to study the influence of slab irregularity on system supports and analysis to investigate the participation of the bracing in the system support.

본 연구에서는 배경이론을 통해 근대건축물에 관한 일반적 사항을 고 찰하고 근대건축물 보존 및 활용에 관한 연구자료를 분석하여 조사대상 을 선정하고 분석요소를 도출하였다. 조사대상은 수도권에 분포한 근대 건축물 가운데 문화재로 등록되고 원형보존이 되어 2010년대 이후 문화 공간으로 활용되고 있는 대상으로 한정하였다. 공간의 재생을 통한 근대 건축물의 보존에 초점을 두어 당시 근대건축물의 건축적 특성과 디자인 요소들을 파악하고 특성 보존이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 근대건축물의 보존은 외관은 당시의 원형 그대로 보존하거나 복원하 는데 비해 내부는 건립당시의 모습 그대로 사용하기 보다는 당시 실내디 자인 요소를 부분 보존하면서 새로운 기능을 충족하기 위해 공간구성이 변한 모습을 알 수 있었다. 이는 공간의 내부적 요소가 현대적 기능을 수 용하기에는 구조의 노후화, 사용목적 및 환경의 변화 등의 문제점이 있 기 때문에 공간을 원형보존 한다는 것은 어려움이 따르나. 근대건축물의 보존은 쇠락한 건축물을 새로운 공간의 장으로 변화시켰다는 의미를 지 닌다. 현대건축물의 다양화, 고층화의 경향 속에서 새로운 문화적 공간 을 창출하였고 근대건축물 재이용의 다양한 방향을 제시하였다는 것에 의의를 갖고 있다. 종합해 보면 건축물을 다시 짓고 새로운 공간을 조성 하는 것보다 기존의 건축물을 재이용 하는 것이 더 큰 효용가치를 지닐 수 있고 문화적으로도 의미 있는 일이기 때문에 근대건축물의 보존을 위 한 다양한 재이용의 방안과 가치에 대하여 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

Wireless MEMS sensors have common features such as wireless communication, data measurement, embedded processing, battery-based self-power, and low cost, and increased measurement effectiveness. Wireless MEMS sensors enable efficient SHM without interfering with location because there is no requirement for triboelectric noise and cumbersome cables. However, there is little research on the communication distance with sensors and data. For instance, existing researches have limited communication distance experiments in civil engineering bridges. It is also necessary to investigate the characteristics of dynamic behavior and the communication distance of architectural structures with different wireless transmission/reception environments. Therefore, in a building structure with walls and slabs instead of open spaces, MEMS sensors and data loggers were used as distance experiments where communication disturbance between the vertical slab and the horizontal wall could actually be communicated.

This paper aims at finding some lessons applicable to successful implementation of ‘The 3D Printing R/D Project’ through both examining the process of adopting overseas industrialized housing production technological knowhow by home builders during the 1970's~1980's period and thereafter until now the various efforts to adjust the technologies efficiently to the Korea‘s unique situation. Some meaningful lessons can be summarized as follows; Ⅰ) Deep understanding of 3DP technological know-why along with its inheritance, Ⅱ) Readjusting of R/D period and goals(cf. Global leader Winsun's 15 years experiment), Ⅲ) Restructuring for more collaborative R/D B&E system among participating researchers Ⅳ) Fostering 3DP expert-engineers and technicians from the early stage, Ⅴ) Clearing legal barriers in users' adopting 3DP methods necessary, Ⅵ) Development of appropriate building material besides concrete. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the above-mentioned 6 lessons positively accepted and applied to the Research Implementation Plan in due course, especially by KICT consortium and KAIA under the guidance of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.

One of the reasons why Louis I. Kahn is regarded as a pioneer of Post-Modern Architecture is that his works are interpreted as Structuralism and Post-structuralism in architecture. A. Lüchinger’s interpretation of Structuralism and M. Benedikt’s interpretation of Post-structuralism; especially Deconstruction Theory, in Kahn’s architecture must be proper cases for understanding this context. However, when we precisely analyze their insistence, several fallacies can be found with their incomplete grasp of Kahn’s architectural thinking. The most problematic thing is that they maximize fallibility with focusing only on the analysis of superficial phenomenon, such as formal composition, disposition of space, decorative features, and so on. Therefore, the meaning of architectural essence toward Post-Modern Architecture which Kahn had pursued during his lifetime is sometimes misinterpreted. For this reason, this paper attempt to reanalyze Kahn’s philosophy of architecture deeply with the view of aesthetics which has a key role in both overcoming their fallacies and illuminating the potentiality of Kahn’s architecture.

In this paper, I have reviewed some of the Korean traditional architectural vocabularies that have to be reconsidered in terms of the problem of decode, the problem of meaning, the meaning of explain meaning, and the problem of form analysis. Especially, correct decode and interpretation of Uigwe’s Korean ancient architecture borrowed character can correct old decode and interpretation. Furthermore, I confirmed that I could correct the Korean ancient architecture vocabulary that was expiscated wrongly. Especially borrowed characters corresponding to 머름[meoreum](paneling) have been known only far away 遠音[meoreum]. In addition, there were also 遠驗[meolheom] ·亇乙軒[meolheon] ·亇乙險[meolheom] · 亇乙音[meoreom], and so on. Furthermore, in the process of decode these notations, it has become possible to assume that the original words of the modern language 머름[meoreum] also came from *멀험[meolheom]. On the other hand, there are many kinds of people like 付叱心[bussim] ·夫叱心[bussim] ·扶叱心[bussim] ·富叱心[bussim] ·富心[bussim]과 北叱心 [bussim] ·北心[bussim]. You can also check the Korean ancient architecture vocabulary. However, corresponding words are difficult to find in modern Korean languages. However, in Jeju dialect, we can confirm the corresponding word. This word was used in the Joseon Dynasty, and confirmed that it is dead language today. As mentioned above, it is confirmed that there are many misconceptions about the decode and meaning of the architectural vocabulary made of borrowed character in existing architectural dictionaries, Korean dictionaries, and Korean ancient architecture related papers. Also, although the form is being confirmed, it has been confirmed that there are many things that need to be clarified, such as what the decode is, what the meaning is, and the origin I have also confirmed a number of things that need to be properly expomed in the original form, the original word. In the future, those who study Korean ancient architecture vocabulary and traditional architectural vocabulary should also be interested in these things and research it properly.

This study attempted to establish fire risk factors and preventive measures for each of five major types of construction, focusing on construction sites. For this purpose, disaster cases were analyzed and countermeasures were prepared. In addition, fire risk factors and flammable and combustible materials by construction type according to construction process were identified and preventive measures thereof were suggested. The results of this study can be used to establish policy improvement directions that meet various educational needs and expectations by identifying the use status of flammable and combustible materials and figuring out the fire risk factors according to the process by work type in construction sites.

Altar architecture is a kind of sacrificial building, mainly formed in altar. Central architecture of Altar architecture is relatively simple. However, various attached building are necessary for worship. Among them, Sinsil which is a place to seal a God’s tablet, is very important. The central government of the Joseon Dynasty attempted to define the local sacrificial system and make it customary as a way to strengthen the centralization based on Confucianism. Nonetheless, the altar architecture of the province without detailed regulations, were managed and underwent repairs according to the political situation of the state and local circumstances. Sinsil, which is an important component of the altar architecture, best reflects this situation. Therefore, it was possible to grasp the situation of the altar architecture of the province in the Joseon Dynasty by analyzing the Sinsil through various documents. As a result of analysis, it was divided into six types. In addition, It is also found that there are temporal relation between these six types.