Seowon(書院) was an institute for education and sacrificial rite, established privately in rural villages throughout the middle period of the Chosun dynasty(1392-1910), where scholars researched classic studies, cultivated personal characters in accordance with the Neo-Confucianism, nurtured young disciples, and performed rites at a secluded shrine where spiritual tablets of honorees were housed. This study examines the architectural characteristics of Pilamseowon(筆巖書院) in Chans'seong, Chollanamdo Province, Korea. Through the study, the architectural characteristics of Pilamseowon were found as follows: First, Pilamseowon moved twice since it had been established. Second, through the moving, the area of Pilamseowon was expanded and buildings were added. Third, some buildings of Pilamseowon reflect the previous condition of the seowon site. Take Hwakyeonroo(廓然樓) as an example, which is the main entrance pavilion of Pilamseowon. Pavilion is an appropriate type of building in sloped site. Before Hwakyeonroo was moved to the present site, it was located on sloped site, where Hwakyeonroo accordingly took the pavilion type of building. Present site condition of Pilamseowon is plane, nonetheless, Hwakyeonroo has the pavilion type of building, which reflects the previous condition of the building site. Forth, Pilamseowon consists of six spatial domains and each domain has its own entrance gate to outer area.

The character of spatial organization in rtaditional house is found through the analysis of field survey and measure of its micro climate in hot weather period of summer. The mean temperature of interior space is higher than outside space of the house. In the point of structural conditions, inside of Choga in caustal and mountain area is cooler than any other houses. In inland area, slate roof house is cooler than Choga. In mountain area, the thermal difference of inside and outside in Kyubjib is higher than Hotjib. In the point of spatial conditions, kitchen is the coolest space and very suitable for spatial organization. Anbang is the hottest space because of its centeral position in the house. In wind condition, mountain area is windy and caustal area is calm. Around the house the rear side of the house is windy and left side is calm.

본 논문은 바닥판을 고려한 3차원 골조 구조물의 효율적인 연직 진동 해석법을 제안한다. 바닥판의 영향을 고려하면 구조물의 진동해석을 좀더 정확히 수행할 수 있는 반면, 면요소의 사용에 따른 많은 자유도의 사용으로 많은 해석시간과 기억용량이 필요하게 된다. 따라서, 행렬응축기법을 사용하여 적절한 요소분할 및 주자유도 선택 기법을 제안하였으며, 대형요소를 사용하여 정확화된 일반적인 건물의 동적해석에 적용하여 입력 데이터의 작성을 간단히 하고 동적해석을 빠르고 신뢰할 만한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 기법에 대하여 연구하였다.

It seems obvious to the contemporary eye that modern technology has finally brought chaotic abundance to the present world, and provided a superficial civilization over the last century. Nevertheless, such an argument about the external phenomena of present culture does not help constitute the right track of modern technology and architecture. Rather, this discussion comes to re-signify the importance of critical metaphysics as a part of man's cultural activities, especially the ontological meaning of them. In this point, the research is intended both to re-certify the essential nature and mythic value of technology through reviewing the ancient and modern philosophical contemplations, and to examine its architectural condition against the rapid expansion of commercial material-culture.

According to Post-modernists including deconstructivists, as Modernism is changed into Post-modernism, the paradigm is shifted from consciousness to language. The paradigm of consciousness corresponds to representational language, and the paradigm of language to self-referential one. In post-modern age most of architects are wandering what kind of language architecture is. Some theorists contend that architecture is representational, and others that it is self-referential. Allan Colquhoun, who is known as one of the best architectural theorists inUnited States, accepts both the former and the latter, but fails to reveal the meaning and the limitation, of the two languages. Although he believes that the representational language of architecture ('figure') is the source of self-referential language of architecture('form'), he never clearly answers what kind of language architecture. In order to overcome the limitation and the meaning of Colquhoun's figure and form, and synthesize the two language, this essay appropriates Martin Heidegger's some concepts, 'ready-to-hand,' 'present-at-hand' and 'being-in-the-world' to make a theoretical framework for 'image' which prevails over and synthesizes 'form' and 'figure.' Since Image is based upon both 'being-in-the world' and 'ready-to-hand,' it is the source of 'form' and 'figure.' When 'image' is fragmented, the former and the latter emerge. Image is therefore both the former and the latter because it represents and self-refers a world as a reality.

As a result of this study, an attempt to emphasize the effect of perspective through the factors of spatial constitution is considered that, in Mwaeom thought, the establishment of the basic situation for cherishing the religious experience as Seonjae Dongja's course of ascetic practice, was needed. Therefore, placing of gates, terrace make-up and the changing spaces and constitution that the space under a castle moves from narrow darkness to wide brightness, express the steps of the course of ascetism. Through this, it gives observers dramatic changes and expectation to their sensual feeling. The emphasis on the perceptibility of Muryang Sujeon, Anyang Loo and the terrace by using a perspertive technique can be interpreted as an intention to express the very delightedness at the last moment the truth is perceived.

The purpose of this study is to connect the technics and form from ancient to Korea Dynast But in these period there is no buildings remains but paintings, fine arts, and stupas. In the historical materials there are many architectural form and signature revealings, so as a result these analysis, 1)The building showed in paintings of Silla, and Korea Dynasty reflect the architectural style their own Dynasty. 2)In detail, the architecture of Silla and Korea Dynasy was connected with Chinese architectur Liao, Song. But from the 8Century Koreans were succeeded the one of Silla Dynasty and had originility in architectural style. 3)The architectursl style in Silla and Korea Dynasty were very various and very rich content. And we must more serious study of historical materials so that we improve the ancient a middle age of architcture in Korea.

Soengyo-jang has some characteristics as the most great house, the special functions, and the non-regional type of house form. And it has constructed continuously for two centuries by many owners in the different generations, It needs a special research method ; which are consist of a) comprehension of background information from documents and oral instructed materials, b) pursuit of design process through the building survey, and c) theoretical interpretation about 'collectivism'. From the results of this research, it is revealed that the architectural purpose of this house was constructing 'a great manor'. At first phase, it had been a single ordinary house, at second, it had expanded to a complex including many housing clusters, and finally became to expand its dwelling territory into whole village. Its expansion was progressed by the four collecting phases of which were building, building cluster, group of clusters, and topological setting. Main design elements operated in each of collecting phases ; they were partial element of <Ondol+Floor>, exterior spaces of <Madang>, a linear building of <Haenglang>, and a pavilion of (Hwalleajeong>. The last two elements were also powerful datum.

The process of interpretation comprises the passage from blindness to pre-canonical responses, then the canonical interpretation and its dissemination. and finally silence and oblivion. But oblivion does not necessarily imply the conclusion of the interpretative process of work. A reinterpretation may follow. This study aims at searching the source of reinterpretation of Ronchamp Chapel. I analyzed the canonical interpretation. the site, function, and form of the chapel. I concluded that the contextualism, semiology, regionalism and other architectural conception may be the frame of reference for reinterpretation of Ronchamp Chapel.

This study aimes to understand the principles in Theo Van Doesburg's architectural concept. Generally, Theo Van Doesburg has been thought that he betrayed De Stijl by acting contrary to the Neo-Plasticism which was constituted in early De Stijl by Mondrian and himself and by suggesting opposite one, Elementarism. Therefore this study tried to understand the principles that make his architectural concept, confirming the background of Elementarism. After studing relation, which Theo Van Doesburg has used, between space and color, it is concluded that he has unchanged principles of architectural concept from early De Stijl to last, opposite to general appreciation. So, Theo Van Doesburg acted to maintain equilibrium that exists for balancing the two elemental forces which contrast each other in relation between space and color. The equilibrium which he looked for aims to constitute harmonized dynamic space by dynamic rythem of equilibrium instead of Neo-Plastic effect. And using color, which used to be producing dynamic effect, he intended to maintain static effect for making dynamic rythem of equllibrium by the principles he made.

The perspective representation and its effect that appeared in the tombs and mural paintings of koguryo are summarized as follows: First, The inside structure of the tombs is likely to show the deepness effect, placing each function in the front and both sides centering around the mane pillars and creating the boundaries and the spaces that have various visibility between the inside and outside spaces of the structure just like a traditional Korean house shows. In addition, The deepness effect is emphasized by suggesting that the spaces are countinued with a storage attached behind the main house or by forming the level and deployment in a narrow space like the scene that a large array is looked out from the main house. Second, The deepness effect is expressed by making the form of ceiling turn to a vertical space of an ascending image, constructing it just as the lotus lamp ceiling of a wooden architecture or drawing it just like the imaginary heavenly world with the sun the moon and mythical fairies and animals spread in it. Thried, The perspective effect is disclosed by drawing the mural pictures in an equally set bird's-eye view without regard to the disfance proportion according to the conceptual visualization which is not a visual penetration, adopting the multiple view points and moving view points that are moving around as an important manner of seeing. Fourth, The deepness effect is emphasized through the scene of changing spaces when they are looked out far or looked into depending on a viewpoint of the daily life by forming the fromes of paintings that we made up with actual pillars, Du Gong, crossbeams or that are painted in most tombs. Fifth, The rich spatial senses are reflected by originating the characters of the three directions, level, deployment and ascending. An example which can support the conclusion of this study can be given here. that is, the construction ground plan of a dwelling house of a nobleman at the end of Koguryo as a remain which was excavated at Dongdae Ja in Jip An.

본 논문은 고층건물의 지진응답해석에서 탄성 및 탄소성 응답스펙트럼 해석법에 대하여 고찰한 것이다. 선형 구조물의 지진응답 해석에 널리 사용되고 있는 응답스펙트럼법은 여러 연구자들에 의해 서로 다른 모드 조합방법으로 제안되었으며, 이들 조합방법에 따른 차이점을 상세히 검토하였다. 탄소성 지진응답해석에 응답스펙트럼법은 아직 널리 사용되고 있지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 장주기를 갖는 고층 건물의 탄소성 지진응답해석에 응답스펙트럼을 확장하여 적용하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 탄소성 응답스펙트럼법을 이용하면, 고층건물의 예비 설계에서 시간이력해석 대신으로 보다 간편히 탄소성 응답치를 예측하는 도구로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The Hwasong City Wall was built for three years(1794-1796), but the real construction term was taken only 28 months. The wall and the buildings on the wall were built simultaneously, and the esttimated construction cost was highly restricted. These conditions were main factors for considering the high efficiency of construction productivity. This study examines these factors that are reflected in the operating system of the architectural standard scale of length, the architectural composition system in the Hwasong City Wall to reduce the construction cost. Through the study, following factors are found. 1.The rule of multiple proportion is found in the relationship between the partition distance, that is, span and the height of the girder which is related to the productivity of ready-made building members. 2.The ruling grade system of scale in the component members is found in the chang-bang(창방, penetration members)

The language of architecture is a kind of tool which helps people to experience the environment not as the thing itself but as a meaningful one. It, gathered by place, constitutes 'genius loci', as the existential structures. It, in other words, gives a thing 'cognitive quality', and serve people to 'dwell' because 'a place is a gathering thing with concrete presence.' Our environment, only when it possesses the language, presents itself as a namable thing or an understood world. Such a meaningful identification is dwelling. The modern world is a complex melting-pot. It is 'complexities' and 'contradiction'. The language of architecture is never created, rather it is selected by needs of the time and the place. In this sense, architectural design means discovery and interpretation of the poetic order of architypal form and style, and the poetic order is a way for people to dwell in the humanistic sense. These reminds me of Martin Heidegger's statement : 'Architecture belongs to poetry, and its purpose is to help man to dwell.'

The purpose of this thesis is a searching out the characteristics of Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism and its influences on Korean modern dwellings especially in the time of 1930's. At the early stage of the colonial time(1905~1919), the central corridor type Japanese dwellings were implanted into Korea for the Japanese official residences. The central corridor type Japanese dwelling was an urban modern dwelling compromised between Japanese style and western style and distinguished by an outer-court type plan, Japanese entrance hall, central corridor and western style reception room. After the 1920's the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have spreaded itself and became a prototype of a modern dwelling in Korea. The characteristics of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have influenced on the Korean high class dwellings and Korean architects' proposals for modern dwelling in the time of 1930's. By the implantation and spread of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings, Korean modern dwellings at the same time have affected and undergone transformation. The aspects of transformation were ; The outbreaking of the Japanese style entrance and central corridor, the transformation of MaDang from the inner court with a function of circulation into the outer court garden with plants and the transformation of Korean dwellings from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type. The central corridor type Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism makes function as a precedent of a modern urban dwelling to Korean and makes Korean dwellings transform from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type.

본 연구는 인공지반 녹화에 적합한 수종의 선정과 식재기법을 도출하는데 목적이 있으며, 실험식재와 사례조사이 두가지 방법으로 진행되었다. 실험식재를 토한 자연토양과 인공토양의 수목생육상태 관찰결과 두 지역의 생육이 비슷하거나 인공토양에서 더 양호하게 나타났다. 인공토양 식새지에서 생육상태가 더 좋게 나타난 수종은 옥상실험구에서는 서약측백, 살구나무, 단풍나무, 불두화, 회양목, 지하주차장 상부 실험구에서는 수수꽃다리, 무궁화, 자산홍이었다. 인공토양의 토층별 수목생육상태 관찰결과 관목은 토층에 따른 새육상의 차이가 거의 없어, 토층 30cm에 관목식재가 가능한 것으로 판단되었고, 또한 교목식재지는 45~60cm 토층의 인공토양으로 조성하여도 수목생육이 가능함을 알 수있었다. 인공지반 조경녹화지역 사례분석결과 수도권 지역에서는 감나무, 무궁화, 수수꽃다리, 목련, 신나무, 희말채나무, 남부지역에서는 남천, 주목, 꽝꽝나무, 아왜나무, 식나무, 사철나무가 인공토양을 사용한 인공지반에 적합수종으로 분석되었고 그 밖에 향나무, 느티나무, 가이즈까향나무 등은 지역에 관계없이 적정수종을 판단되었다. 인공지반 녹화공간의 관리는 건조가 장기화 될 경우 관수를 해야 하며 또한 연 1회 이상의 시비가 수목 생육에 유리한 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 본 연구를 통하여 인공지반 녹화와 관련한 토심규정 세분화와 조경면적으로의 인정기준 등 관련법규 개정방안을 제안하였다.

Architecture is a shelter for society whose social pattern requires a specific form to accord with its material and spiritual needs. Providing a truly acceptable architecture requires our deeper understanding of cultural tradition - mythic values - not only because myth is an interpreted and configured form of 'thing' through man's second nature, such as his subjective and objective consciousness -'self-revelation of the absolute'- but also because, in the world of mythical imagination, a fragment of substantial reality -'thing'- becomes an equivalent mode to the signification, and emerges as 'its independent spiritual form' and 'the characteristic force of the logos.' In this sense, myth of place and myth behind tectonic form are the most essential sources for comprehending people's relationship to the world of inner and conscious experience. The recent efforts of modern architects to achieve cultural continuity should begin with re-interpretation and configulation of the myths behind describable material culture, especially artistic imagination inspired by deeper understanding of the myth of place. Myth provide artists with a creative inspiration, as they did in the past.

Computerized visual database construction of architectural precedents has just begun in some research institutes in the world. In Korea the first visual database has shown its testl version by S architectural design firm in september 1996. In this article the author discusses the historical contexts and the recent computerization cases, the traits, the uses and the limits of architectural visual database system of precedents. The forms and contents of data fields in two cases are compared with a focus on the description of architectural traits of each data entry. Compared to the KIA format, the S database has better performance for architectural design reference because it collects more pictures and drawings and larger texts for the field of architectural chracteristics. But this latter also is constrained by its capacity of memory and so lacks the reciprocity of the DOORS in the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University. A visual database system which has more flexible allocation of memory and respondent with the users is yet to be prepared. But this system also should be maintained by some experts in architectural history, theory and criticism, because their knowledge is essential for selection of precedents and revision of the data description. A full-fledged electronic visual database in architecture will not only save much effort for the architect, but also will change the architects' design behavior. Nevertheless this does not mean the automatic promotion of architects' creativity.