It is getting more intensified with the competition among participating companies for global market share in major industrial fields. The situation is accelerating especially within the top 5 market share, and these include electric vehicles, semiconductors, chemicals, and shipbuilding industries. The key to the advantage over the competition within a strategic group is which company leads the innovation in the field. On-the-ground innovation refers to job-based innovation. This paper aims to analyze job unit innovation in the structure of empowerment, LMX, and job crafting. Existing studies on job crafting have suggested a causal structure based on job design in the traditional sense, and there are not many scholars who study the causal structure using a job situational model. Therefore, this paper takes an approach from the perspective of the job situation. As a result of the study, LMX showed a moderating effect on the relationship between autonomy provision and job crafting. While, in the relationship between meaing-giving and cognitive crafting, there is no significant moderating effect shown on the relationship between autonomy provision and cognitive crafting. Therefore, the results of the analysis in this study suggest that the meaning of jobs and participation in decision-making should be managed in an integrated way in structural and design areas, not just qualitative factors such as empowerment and leadership.

In this paper, a twisted shape structure with an elevation form favorable to the resistance of vibration caused by wind loads is selected from among the forms of high-rise buildings. The analytical model is a square, triangular, and hexagonal plane with a plane rotation angle of one degree from 0 to 3 degrees per each story. As a result of the analysis, as the twist angle increased, story drift ratio is increased. Responses with different eccentricity rates were shown by analytical models. Therefore planar shapes designed symmetrically to the horizontal axis of X and Y are considered advantageous for eccentricity and torsion deformation. In the case of the bending moment of the column, the response was amplified in the column supporting the base floor, the roof floor, the floor in which the cross-section of the vertical member changes, and the floor having the same number of nodes as the base floor. Finally, the axial force response of the column is determined to be absolutely affected by the gravity load compared to the lateral load.

Cr thin films with O added are deposited on sapphire substrate by DC sputtering and are nitrided in NH3 atmosphere between 300 and 900 oC for various times. X-ray diffraction results show that nitridation begins at 500 oC, forming CrN and Cr2N. Cr oxides of Cr2O3 are formed at 600 oC. And, at temperatures higher than 900 oC, the intermediate materials of Cr2N and Cr2O3 disappear and CrN is dominant. The atomic concentration ratios of Cr and O are 77% and 23%, respectively, over the entire thickness of as-deposited Cr thin film. In the sample nitrided at 600 oC, a CrN layer in which O is substituted with N is formed from the surface to 90 nm, and the concentrations of Cr and N in the layer are 60% and 40%, respectively. For this reason, CrN and Cr2N are distributed in the CrN region, where O is substituted with N by nitridation, and Cr oxynitrides are formed in the region below this. The nitridation process is controlled by inter-diffusion of O and N and the parabolic growth law, with activation energy of 0.69 eV.

In order to understand basic data for improving the fishing system and fishing vessel structure in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 to analyze opinions on the improvement of operation status and fishing vessel structure. The questionnaire survey consisted of ten questions on the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and six questions on the improvement of fishing vessel structure, and the results of each question were analyzed by the region, the captain’s age, the captain’s career and the age of fishing vessel. As a result of analyzing opinions on the operation status of the coastal improved stow net fishery, it was found that the average time required for casting net was 32.8 to 33.0 minutes and that the average time required for hauling net was 41.0 to 42.2 minutes which took 10 to 12 minutes more than for casting net. The most important work requiring improvement during fishing operation (the first priority) were ‘hauling net operation,’ ‘readjustment and storage of fishing gear,’ and ‘fish handling’ and the hardest factor in fishing management were in the order of ‘reduction of catch,’ ‘labor shortage’ and ‘rising labor costs.’ The most institutional improvement that is most needed in coastal improved stow net fishery was an ‘using fine mesh nets.’ Most of the respondent to the questions on the experience in hiring foreign crews was ‘either hiring or willing to hire foreign crews,’ and the average number of foreign crews employed was found to be 2.3 to 2.4 persons. The most important reason for hiring (or considering employment) foreign crews was ‘high labor costs.’ The degree of communication with foreign crews during fishing operation were ‘moderate’ or ‘difficult to direct work.’ The most important problem in hiring foreign crews (the first priority) was an ‘illegal departure.’ As the survey results on the opinion of structural improvement of coastal improved stow net fishing vessel, the degree of satisfaction with fishing vessel structure related to fishing operation was found to be somewhat unsatisfactory, with an average of 3.3 points on a five-point scale. The inconvenient structure of fishing vessel in possession (the first priority), the space needed most for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first priority) and the space considered important for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first prioprity) was a ‘fish warehouse.’ The most preferred equipment for the construction of new fishing vessel were ‘engine operation monitoring’ and ‘navigation safety devices.’ The average size (tonnage class), the average horse power and the average total length of fishing vessel for proper profit and safety fishing operation was between 13.8 and 14.0 tonnes, 808.3 to 819.5 H.P. and 23.4 to 23.5 meters, respectively. The results of the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and the requirement for improving the fishing vessel structure are expected to be provided as basic data for reference when we build or improve the fishing vessel.

2000년 이후 금융산업의 학력별 노동시장구조를 살펴보면 전체적인 고용자수는 거의 변동은 없는데 고학력노동(대졸이상, 전문대졸 이상)은 증가하고 저학력노동(고졸이하)은 감소하고 있고, 학력별 임금격 차는 지속적으로 확대되고 있다. 학력을 근거로 고학력노동과 저학력노동으로 구분하여 생산요소를 물적 자본(K), 저학력 노동(L)과 고학력 노동(E)로 하는 다요소 콥-다글라스 생산함수를 가정하고, 외생변수로 산출량(Q), 세계화(G)와 기술진보(t)를 포함한 학력별 노동수요함수를 유도하였다. 이 함수를 바탕으로 로그선형회귀추정모형을 구성하고 학력별 노동수요에 영향을 미치는 요인분석을 시행하였다. 추정결과 생산요소의 상대가격(R/WL , R/WE, WL/WE)과 세계화(G)는 금융산업의 학력별 노동수요에 거의 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 반면 산출량과 기술진보 등 금융산업의 외생적 요인 변화가 금융산업의 학력별 노동수요에 통계적으로 유의미하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 산출량변화는 금융산업의 학 력별 노동수요에서 저학력노동 수요에 비해 고학력노동 수요에 미치는 영향이 더 크지만 그 영향력은 미미하였다. 반면 기술진보는 고학력노동에서 고용증가효과를, 저학력노동에서 고용구축효과를 유발하여 금융산업의 노동시장이 고학력노동 중심으로 구조변화가 진행 중인 것으로 판단된다. 이런 연구결과를 바탕으로 금융산업의 고용에 대해 다음과 같은 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 상대임금 변화는 학력별 노동수요에 거의 영향을 미치지 않기 때문에 이와 관련된 정책은 상당히 제한적일 수 있다. 둘째, 기술변화와 세계화가 진전되고 있는 상황에서 고학력노동의 고용증가에 부응하는 인재양성정책이, 반면 저학력노동의 고용감소에 따른 고용안정정책이 필요하다.