Community structures and species composition in benthic crustacean around Oryukdo of Busan was investigated using a SCUBA diving in 2011. A total 115 species, 51 families, and 4 taxa were collected during the sampling periods. Species were included 52 species in amphipoda, 49 in decapoda, 8 in isopoda and 6 in thoracica. On cluster analysis, the benthic crustacea community was classified into three groups based on the species composition: group A occurred in spring, group B in autumn and winter and group C in summer. Species composition in benthic crustacean corresponded with the water temperature.

본 연구는 거대고리 금속 이온 착화합물과 유도체를 이용하여 미세 다공성 구조를 가지는 분리막의 제조에 관한 것이다. 고분자와 금속이온 리간드 착물 시스템을 이용함으로써 기존의 방법들에 비해 상 전이 과정을 보다 정교하게 제어할 수 있었다. 금속염, cyclohexanedione dioxime, hydroxyphenylboronic acid와의 축합 반응을 통하여 금속 clathrochelate 착물을 얻을 수 있었다. PES, PVP, BE와 금속 clathrochelate 착물을 DMF에 녹인 후 비용매 유도 상 전이법을 통하여 유무기 혼성 고분자막을 제조하였다. 제조된 분리막의 구조는 FE-SEM과 microflow permporometer로 조사하였다. p-Hydroxyphenyl group 을 가지는 Fe(II) clathrochelate 착물의 첨가는 분리막의 구조에 있어 기공 크기 분산도를 좁혀주고, 표면의 기공 밀도를 높여 주었으며 최대 기공 크기를 감소시킴을 볼 수 있었다.

W-10vol.%ZrC composites reinforced by micrometric and nanosized ZrC particles were prepared by hot-pressing of 25 MPa for 2 h at 1900˚C. The effect of ZrC particle size on microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperatures was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope observations and the flexural strength test of the W-ZrC composite. Microstructural analysis of the W-ZrC composite revealed that nanosized ZrC particles were homogeneously dispersed in the W matrix inhibiting W grain growth compared to W specimen with micrometric ZrC particle. As a result, its flexural strength was significantly improved. The flexural strength at room temperature for W-ZrC composite using nanosized ZrC particle being 740 MPa increased by around 2 times than that of specimen using micrometric ZrC particle which was 377 MPa. The maximum strength of 935 MPa was tested at 1200˚C on the W composite specimen containing nanosized ZrC particle.

인양장비는 원자력발전소에서 발생하는 사용후핵연료를 운반하는 운반용기를 인양하기 위해 사용된다. 본 연구는 원자력 안전위원회고시 제2013-27호와 미국 10CFR Part 71 §71.45에서 규정하는 기술수준에 따라 이론적인 방법과 유한요소방법 으로 인양장비의 구조적안전성을 평가하였다. 이론적으로 평가한 결과 모든 구성 요소에서의 응력이 응력제한치 내에 있어 운영상 발생하는 구조적 안전성을 확보하고 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 또한 유한요소해석을 통한 평가결과, 항복과 극한조건 모두에서 설계기준을 만족하는 것으로 평가되었다. 모든 구성요소에서 충분한 안전여유도(항복조건에서 3 이상의 안전율, 극한조건에서 5 이상의 안전율)를 갖는 것으로 나타나 구조적으로 안전하다고 판단하였다.

In this study, we investigated the macrobenthic community structure and spatiotemporal variations in Uljin Marine Ranching area, East Sea of Korea. Macrobenthos were collected using a modified van Veen grab sampler from April to September 2013. Total number of species sampled was 345 and mean density was 5,797 ind. m-2, both of which were dominated by the polychaetes. The most dominant species were Spiophanes bombyx (53.64%), followed by Magelona sp.1 (6.96%), Cadella semitorta (2.73%), Lumbrineris longifolia (2.16%) and Alvenius ojianus (2.08%). Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity identified 2 station groups. The group 1 (station 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9) was characterized by high abundance of the polychaetes Magelona sp.1, Lumbrineris longifolia, Scoloplos armiger, Praxillella affinis, Maldane cristata and the bivalve Alvenius ojianus, with fine sediment above 30m water depth. On the other hand, the group 2 (station 1, 4, 7 and 10) was numerically dominated by the polychaete Lumbrineriopsis sp. and the bivalve Cadella semitorta, with coarse sediment below 5m water depth. Collectively, the macrobenthic community structure showed a distinct spatial trend, which seemed to be related to the water depth and sediment composition.

오늘날 기업구조조정은 빠르게 변화하는 시장경제에 적응하고, 기업의 경쟁력을 제고하는 방안으로 다양하게 실시되고 있다. 그동안 기업구조조정은 주로 상법상의 연구대상으로 다뤄왔으나, 기업구조조정은 기업의 종업원인 근로자의 근로관계에도 중대한 영향을 미치는 점은 부인할 수 없다. 따라서 이러한 상황에서 근로자의 사회적 보호필요성이라는 측면을 재조명하고, 기업구조조정에 대한 합리적인 규율방안을 마련하는 것은 노동법제에 주어진 핵심과제라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개별적 근로관계 부분과 집단적 노사관계 부분으로 나뉘어 기업구조조정과 관련된 주요 쟁점을 분석하고, 각각의 논평을 시도하였다. 나아가 지난 2003년에 발표된 노사관계선진화 방안 및 19대 국회에서 발의된 주요 입법안에서 다루고 있는 내용을 소개ᆞ평가하고, 기업구조조정에 관한 새로운 관점에서의 보호방안도 제시하였다. 생각건대 이제는 기업구조조정과 근로관계에 관련하여 그동안 형성되어 온 판례 법리를 적극적으로 입법화하고 합리적인 규율방안을 강구함으로써 근로자를 보호하고, 법적안정성 및 법적명확성도 확보해야 할 것이다.

연구는 드라마 간접광고의 서사 구조를 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 ‘별에서 온 그대’ 의 소비효과가 크게 나 타났던 10개의 간접광고를 서사 표현와 서사성을 분석하였고, 각 간접광고의 서사구조를 분석하였다. 분 석결과, 서사표현과 서사성 분석결과, 크게 간접광고의 의도성이 드러나지 않고 드라마의 서사표현에 편 입되어 있거나 영상흐름으로 몰입도를 높이는 특징이 있었다. 또한 간접광고의 제품이 에피소드의 주요 소재로 이용되는 경우가 있었다. 10개의 간접광고 중 서사성이 강한 장면은 벤츠 카브리올레 광고로 나타 났다. 서사구조 측면에서 다수의 간접광고 제품이 에피소드의 도구로 이용되었으며 카메라 앵글, 노출시 간, 음악, 조명등은 간접광고 제품의 긍정적 이미지 구축에 영향을 주고 있다.

Spatial structures as like dome structure have the different dynamic characteristics from general rahmen structures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze dynamic characteristics and effectively control of seismic response of spatial structure subjected to multi-supported excitation. In this study, star dome structure that is subjected to multi-supported excitation was used as an example spatial structure. The response of the star dome structure under multiple support excitation are analyzed by means of the pseudo excitation method. Pseudo excitation method shows that the structural response is divided into two parts, ground displacement and structural dynamic response due to ground motion excitation. And the application of passive tuned mass damper(TMD) to seismic response control of star dome structures has been investigated. From this numerical analysis, it is shown that the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support seismic excitation are different from those of spatial structure under unique excitation. And it is reasonable to install TMD to the dominant points of each mode. And it is found that the passive TMD could effectively reduce the seismic responses of dome structure subjected to multi-supported excitation.

Construction of vinyl house structures is increasing because they do not have a large cross section as non-permanent structures. Vinyl house structures are apt to collapse by snow load because they have a small size member as a temporary building. Therefore, it is very important to ensure not only the stiffness of the individual member, but also the overall stability of three-dimensional arch-type vinyl house structures. The purpose of this study is to estimate the stability of arch-type vinyl house structures that have a various curvature under the vertical load such as snow load. As a result of the study, the buckling load of V27 model is the largest, and the values of buckling load have a tendency to increase with increasing H(height of arch) in the case of H≤2.75m, but to decrease with increasing H in the case of H≥2.75m

This study analyzes performance-cost ratio of various polycarbonate(PC) pigpen. The finite element models using the ANSYS program described in this paper is attractive not only because it shows excellent accuracy in analysis but also it shows the benefit of parameter study by using APDL. We have performed various parameter study of total 6 models. And we compared and analyzed the results of 6 models. From the numerical examples, we recommend model M2. Model M2 is PC pigpen with steel in PC.

In this study, Intersecting Tensegrity System that is integrated solid compression members with tension members was presented. This system is set up by connecting upper and lower compression members of pyramid shape with exterior tension members. In this system, the solid compression members are intersected each other and connected by a tension member in the center. This system is a variation of Tensegrity system, has a improved feature that the system is able to induce prestresses in all of tension members easily by adjusting the distance of a tension member in the center. The proposed system was studied by modeling, and the structural behavior of the system was investigated by mechanical analysis of the model. Furthermore, the features of the structural behavior variations was investigated when the composition elements(total height, size of surface, intersection length, etc.) are changed variously. It was also showed that the system is able to be used as a temporary space structure system with a membrane roof of inverse conical shape.

This paper presents the structural model development and verification processes of wind turbine blade. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind turbine which the wind tunnel and structural test data has publicly available is used for the study. The wind turbine assembled by blades, rotor, nacelle and tower. The wind blade connected to rotor. To make the whole turbine structural model, the mass and stiffness properties of all parts should be clear and given. However the wind blade, hub, nacelle, rotor and power generating machinery parts have difficulties to define the material properties because of the composite and assembling nature of that. Nowadays to increase the power generating coefficient and cost efficiency, the highly accurate aerodynamic loading evaluating technique should be developed. The Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is the emerging new way to evaluate the aerodynamic force on the rotating wind blade. To perform the FSI analysis, the fluid and structural model which are sharing the associated interface topology have to be provided. In this paper, the structural model of blade development and verifying processes have been explained for Part1. In following Part2 paper, the processes of whole turbine system will be discussing.

As the world energy consumption grows, the interest in marin energy resources is increasing. In excavating such resources, the marine riser which connects the floating structure and sea bed is an essential device. The riser system is often exposed to harsh ocean environment and thus vulnerable to damage. Since the failure of the riser system may cause serious economical loss as well as environmental problem, the structural integrity of the riser is very important. Generally, the riser is an extremely slender structure with a much smaller diameter than a length. Therefore, a structural integrity monitoring methodology for typical buildings and bridges may not be applicable. In this paper, the applicability of a damage identification method for a structure to a marine riser is examined via a numerical example. Also, recent research practices and findings for monitoring the behavior and the structural integrity of the marine riser are examined and summarized.

While Korea had achieved radical growth of construction industry, it also had accumulated problems in material, human and economical loss due to its low quality of safety level. Therefore, not only enterprises but also the nation is putting in a great deal of efforts for construction safety. However, its effect is not satisfiable. This research aims for change of construction cite by introduction of professional Safety Patrol Management System(SPMS) and consideration of its necessity. To consideration of its necessity, we compared and anaylzed average numbers of indicated dangers and safety accident incidences in each construction cites and we researched changes in worker's safety sense. It will establish the suitable design standards and suggest the basic database for estimating disaster and accident ratio.

An experimental study on the structural behavior of connection types between approach slab and integral abutment has been done for three typical bar connections. Typical hinge style reinforcing bar detail for its connection is preferred in order to accommodate rotation of the approach slab among engineers. However, the straight horizontal bars can be used as connection detail accomodate structural capacity. Total six specimens with three types of rebar detail are tested for direct tensile and bending load. The characteristic structural behaviors are carefully monitored and all the strain gauge data obtained are analyzed. It is shown that the structural performance of all the specimens well exceed its design allowance. Several design suggestions are given based on careful reviews on the experiment.

In this paper. the effects of the aspect ratio on the natural frequency of the advanced composite road structures is studied. The advanced composite structures are too difficult for such design engineers for construction and some simple but accurate enough methods are necessary. Some laminate orientations have decreasing values of  ,  ,  and  stiffnesses as the ply number increases. The plate aspect ratio considered is from 1 to 5. Most of the road structures have large aspect ratios, for such cases further simplification is possible by neglecting the effect of the longitudinal moment terms.

고 종횡비 MEMS 구조물의 습식 공정에서 세정 이후 건조 과정에서 발생하는 문제점들을 극복하기 위하여 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 고 종횡비의 MEMS 구조물의 건조방법에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 MEMS 구조물 습식 제조방법의 세정은 HF/water에서 식각된 cantilever beam을 isopropyl alcohol (IPA)로 치환하여 진행되었다. 초임계 이산화탄소에 의한 IPA의 제거율은 VOC 분석법을 통하여 다양한 조건에서 측정 되었고, 건조된 cantilever beam은 SEM을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 자연 건조를 통한 방법으로는 종횡비 1:15의 cantilever beam까지 stiction 없이 제조할 수 있었으나, 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 MEMS 구조물의 건조는 기존의 건조방법 보다 고 종횡비를 가지는 1:75의 cantilever beam까지 stiction 없이 제작할 수 있었다.

PURPOSES: Daejeon is basically divided into an old downtown and a new downtown, and the recent relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government of Republic of Korea from the old downtown and the opening of governmental buildings in the new downtown as well have made this new downtown only densely populated with industrial and business facilities. Such changes in the downtowns have promoted the conditions of the new downtown while, consequently, dragging down the old downtown. Out of concern for those unbalanced developments of the two downtowns, Daejeon is now carrying out several city projects to revive the old downtown. In the light of that, as a part of the project to promote the old downtown, this study aims to conduct an evaluation on landscape of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong which was built upon those ideas of a theme street project by Daejeon. METHODS: Based on the findings from the questionnaire not only on the components that would design the streetscape of the culture and arts street but also on the public satisfaction with the streetscape, the study defined how those changes in the components affect emotional factors of the pedestrians. In order to achieve the research goal, the study made changes in D/H ratio of the street structural components as well as the roadside trees. In terms of the questionnaire method, the study used the SD scale, and proceeded with its investigation through the frequency analysis, the principal component analysis (the factor analysis) and the structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results from the factor analysis and the regression analysis, of those three factors, such as the openness, the comfortable sensation and the safety, the openness followed by the comfortable sensation and the safety was determined to have the most positive influence on the total satisfaction. The structural model analysis reported that the D/H and the structural components of the roadside trees and planting have a positive effect on the emotional image, and this emotional image also appeared to be positively related to the total satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : This study looked into how the changes in the street structural components of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong would affect the satisfaction with the streetscape, and finally confirmed that the D/H and the planting are what would have a positive effect on this satisfaction. What has been learned from this study will be the basic data to figure out how to promote and improve the culture and arts street in Daeheung-dong as this data will also help designing and developing of those specialized streets in other regions.

PURPOSES: This study devotes its energies to estimate greenhouse gas emissions for types of horizontal highway designs. METHODS: This paper suggested two types of road scenarios, scenario 1 is made by the lack of road design consistency. Beside scenario 1, scenario 2 is made by good road design. For comparisons of greenhouse gas emissions, driving simulator was used. RESULTS: Emission rates of road scenario 1 are 1.4 times higher than scenario 2 in the driving simulator. CONCLUSIONS : This study may have important implications for contributing to the application of road alignment technology for reduction of greenhouse gases as quantifying the correlations between greenhouse emissions and various road alignments. Consequently, this study will help road designers determine which roads are best alternatives in the process of choosing the roads in the future in terms of environmental benefits.

PURPOSES: An conventional method for electric power generation is converting thermal energy into mechanical energy then to electrical energy. Due to environmental issues such as global warming related with CO2 emission etc., were the limiting factor for the energy resources which resulting in extensive research and novel technologies are required to generate electric power. Thermal energy harvesting using thermoelectric generator is one of energy harvesting technologies due to diverse advantages for new green technology. This paper presents a possibility of application of the thermoelectric generator、s application in the direct exchange of waste solar energy into electrical power in road space. METHODS : To measure generated electric power of the thermoelectric generator, data logger was adopted as function of experimental factors such as using cooling sink, connection methods etc. Also, the thermoelectric generator、s behavior at low ambient temperature was investigated as measurement of output voltage vs. elapsed times. RESULTS: A few temperature difference between top an bottom of the thermoelectric generator is generated electric voltage. Components of an electrical circuit can be connected in various ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel and occur so open. Series shows slightly better performance in this study. An installation of cooling sink in the thermoelectric generator system was enhanced the output of power voltage. CONCLUSIONS : In this paper, a basic concepts of thermoelectric power generation is presented and applications of the thermoelectric generator to waste solar energy in road is estimated for green energy harvesting technology. The possibility of usage of thermoelectric technology for road facilities was found under the ambient thermal gradient between two surfaces of the thermoelectric module. An experiment results provide a testimony of the feasibility of the proposed environmental energy harvesting technology on the road facilities.