Waste sludge may be used to recovery wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. The waste sludge is an inexpensive readily available source of biomass for biosorption with metal-bearing wastewater. The biosorption of heavy metals such as Pb(II), Cu(II), Cr(II), and Cd(II) onto waste sludge was investigated in batch experiments and waste sludge loaded heavy metals was separated by dissolved air flotation. The biosorption equibria of heavy metals could be described by Langmuir and Freundich isotherms. The adsorption capacity for waste sludge was in the sequence of Pb(II)>Cr(II)>Cu(II)>Cd(II). The system attained equilibrium about 20 min. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model effectively described the biosorption equilibrium of Cu(II) and Cr(II) ions on waste sludge. Maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) and Cr(II) were 196.08 and 158.73 mg/g, respectively. Solid-liquid separation efficiencies were kept above 95% on waste sludge loaded heavy metals, and were decreased with pH increasing.

The aim of this study was to analyze the local distribution of the heavy metal concentration in Daegu and Ulsan which were divided into the residual areas, the traffic dense areas and the industrial areas. The Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) was used to analyze heavy metals, such as As, Cr, Hg, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and minor metals, such as Fe, Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Na, K. The results of this analysis showed that the content of heavy metals which was classified by districts in Daegu and Ulsan was the highest in the industrial areas followed by the traffic dense areas and the residual areas. Compared to the level of heavy metals of national and local soil survey network in 2003, contamination of heavy metals in Daegu was lower than national average. However, the content of Cd, As, Zn in Ulsan was respectively 13.38 times, 472 times and 2.65 times higher than national average contamination. In addition, compared to the soil pollution level of the environmental protection law, contamination of all areas in Daegu was lower. But the content of As at the industrial areas in Ulsan was 10.71 times higher than standard of soil pollution and 4.28 times higher than standard of measures against soil contamination.

금산지역 두 다른 토양내 식물체의 중금속 함량은 식물체의 종류에 관계없이 함 탄질 지역이 높은 원소 함량을 보이고 있었으며 원소별 상관관계에서 함 탄질 지역이 화강암 지역에 비해 두드러지게 높았다. 지역에 관계없이 대부분 원소에서 쑥이 억세 및 아카시아에 비해, 억세는 아카시아에 비해 상대적으로 높은 원소 함량을 보여 쑥이 대부분 원소에서 상대적으로 높은 흡수량을 보임을 지적하고 있다. 또한 대부분 원소에서 식물체의 상부에 비해 하부가 비교적 높은 원소 함량을 보이고 있다. 이런 관계들을 종합해 볼 때 금산의 셰일 지역과 유사한 토양의 정화 시 쑥 및 억세가 좋은 중금속의 축적 종으로서 이용 가능성이 있으며 억세에 비해 쑥이 선호될 수 있는 종임을 암시한다.

둥굴레 근경의 증자 및 열처리 중 수용성 고형분 및 Pb, Cd 제거율의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 반응표면분석(RSM)을 활용하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 증자시간( min), 볶음온도() 및 볶음시간( min)을 달리하여 16구간으로 제조된 시료의 수용성 고형분 함량, Pb 및 Cd 제거율을 측정하고 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 예측된 가용성 고형분의 최대값은 이었으며, 이때의 증자 및 볶음조건은 증자시간 65.24분, 볶음온도 및 볶음시간 37

The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area. Also, we collected soils from several area in Gyeongbuk, and determined heavy metal concentration of soils by ICP. We compared with herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and their soils. The average levels of heavy metal of herbal medicines in Gyeongbuk area are as follows : Mercury is 0.037㎎/㎏, Chromium is 0.093㎎/㎏, Nickel is 0.108㎎/㎏, Copper is 0.475㎎/㎏, Zinc is 3.14㎎/㎏, Manganese is 1.52㎎/㎏, Iron is 7.83㎎/㎏, and Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic is not detected. It was very lower in concentrations than those of average Korea area. For the heavy metals contents of Gyeongbuk area, in Gong Jung Ri, represented the higher level, it may be due to a near the road. The Cd contents in soil was not a wide difference. For the As and Pb contents in soil, Song Sa Ri (Bupleuri Radix) represented the higher level(0.68㎎/㎏, 1523㎎/kg). Correlation coefficients of heavy metal contents in cultured herbal medicines and their soils did not give reproducible results. But the degree of correlation between a few heavy metal contents of Dioscoreae Rhizoma and their soil showed the good transfer from the soil.

The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area. And we collected soils from several area in Gyeongbuk, and determined heavy metal concentration of soils by ICP. We compared with herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and their soils. For the heavy metals contents of Gyeongbuk area, in Gong Jung Ri, represented the higher level, it may be due to a near the road. The Cd contents in soil was not a wide difference. For the As and Pb contents in soil, Song Sa Ri (Bupleuri Radix) represented the higher level (0.68㎎/㎏, 1523㎎/kg). Heavy metal contents in cultured herbal medicines and their soils did not give reproducible results. But the degree of correlation between a few heavy metal contents of Dioscoreae Rhizoma and their soil showed the good transfer from the soil.

We compared with heavy metal concentration of herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and the other area of Korea. The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area. The average levels of heavy metal of herbal medicines in Gyeongbuk area are as follows：Mercury is 0.037㎎/㎏, Chromium is 0.093㎎/㎏, Nickel is 0.108㎎/㎏, Copper is 0.475㎎/㎏, Zinc is 3.14㎎/㎏, Manganese is 1.52㎎/㎏, Iron is 7.83㎎/㎏, and Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic is not detected. It was very lower in concentrations than those of average Korea area. Therefore, Gyeongbuk area appear to be more proper to cultivated land than other area. Minerals such as Ca and K were extracted more than Na and P in herbal medicines products of Gyeongbuk respectively. Minerals and heavy metal concentrations distributed in herbal medicines were analyzed. Little or no relationship was observed between minerals and heavy metals.