In this study, the field construction with the prefabricated lightweight plastic foundation using recycled plastic forsewage pipeline and triple wall PE sewer pipe was carried out to verify the construction workability of prefabricated plasticfoundation and deformation resistance potential of triple wall PE sewer pipe. The construction procedure in field wasfollowed the KS standard. The measured vertical deformations of PE pipe are average 2.35mm which means around 1%of deformation for 300mm diameter of PE pipe. Judging from the type of foundation, the use of plastic foundation (CaseB & Case C) showed lower deformation due to differential settlement than that of sand bedding foundation. Especially,the plastic foundation made a relatively uniform deformation of PE pipe. However, the sand foundation represented thenon-uniform deformation of PE pipe.

구성주의가 우리나라 유아교육계에서 논의된 지 30여년이 지났음에도 여전히 ‘구성주의’가 무엇인가에 대해서는 여러 관점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 Piaget의 자서전과 관련 문헌을 중심으로 구성주의의 본질을 고찰하고, 이를 토대로 구성주의 유아교사와 수업은 어떠해야 하는지 그 지향점을 탐색해보고자 한다. 구성주의는 지식의 이론임과 동시에 삶의 기저가 되는 가치로서, 그 핵심은 ‘찾아가는 것’과 그 과정에서 상대적 가치로서의 ‘균형의 의미’ 탐색이다. 이러한 가치를 기반으로 하는 구성주의 교사는 지속적으로 종적, 횡적 균형을 이루며 변화하고, 교사로서의 정체성을 찾아가며, 타자와 협력하면서, 불균형을 즐기며 균형을 추구해간다. 구성주의의 본질에 따르는 수업이란 유아와 함께하고, 지식의 구성이 이루어지는 수업이며, 수업의 본질에 대한 지속적인 성찰을 기본으로 한다. 본 연구는 구성주의라는 하나의 고정된 틀 속에 교사와 유아를 갇히게 하는 것의 위험성을 간과하지 말고 구성주의라는 지평을 향해 함께 변화해 가야 함을 시사한다.

LDHs(layered double hydroxides) are of use adsorbent to remove heavy metals, micro-organic pollutants as well as high concentration of phosphorus from wastewater to low concentration of surface water without pH adjustments. This study examined the generation condition of LDHs saturated with phosphorus. Less than 20% regeneration rate was obtained in the absence of alkali and regeneration solution. After the desorption of LDHs with several conditions of acid and alkali solution, more than 60% of regeneration rate could be expected in the case of using MgCl2 as regeneration solution.

Since the volume based tipping system was adopted for municipal solid wastes in Korea, the system has been well implied with the positive participation of households. Therefor local governments have started to apply the system to food wastes as well in recent years and each household has put an effort to reduce the generation of food wastes consequently. Another big movement on the management of municipal solid waste has been made, which was intending to utilize wastes to energy resources by converting to solid refuse fuel (SRF). In the meantime the conversion of biomass to energy became an issue to argument national renewable energy. Such motivation made an attempt to utilize fruit husks as SRFs since they has been used to dispose of as food wastes with the payment of tipping fee by households. Thus, in this study, five fruits (mandarine, apple, pear, sweet persimmon and grape) of 6 main consuming fruits in Korea were chosen as tested materials to check out any potentials of biomass SRFs. The basic characteristics of 5 fruit husks after drying naturally were analyzed. Heating values, proximate analysis results were reported and thermo-gravimetric tests were made for suggesting them to combustible wastes or bio-SRFs. The higher heating values of all fruit husks with natural drying showed above 3,000 kcal/kg which is the criterium of SRF and the lower heating values were less than SRF standard due to higher content of moisture. Proximate analysis and thermo-gravimetric data were similar to other biomass fuels like wood and municipal solid waste. It is concluded that such fruit husks could be used as SRFs by adopting an effective drying method in advance.

This study focused on immobilization of Saccharomyces coreanus to support materials and ethanol fermentation bythe immobilized yeast. Three porous media as support material were surveyed; synthetic zeolite, aluminum silicate andgranular activated carbon. Amount of yeast (determined by organic matter content) immobilized into/on support materialswas lowest in fermentation using aluminum silicate as supports. Glucose as substrate of ethanol fermentation was easilysorbed more than ethanol into/on 3 types of support materials. Of these, absorbed amount of glucose and ethanol into/on activated carbon was highest. The ethanol was actively produced for 16 hours in fermentation processes by yeastimmobilized into/on aluminum silicate and activated carbon, produced after 16 hours by yeast immobilized into/on zeolite.The produced ethanol concentration after 24h was as follows; 24.2g/L by using aluminum silicate, 19.3g/L by activatedcarbon and 16.1g/L by zeolite.

본 연구의 핵심은 다양한 환경기초시설, 치수관련 시설물 등의 지자체별 개별적 건설과 운영에 따른 예산의 낭비와 비효율적 운영을 지양하는데 있다. 다음으로는 인접 지자체간의 협력적 운영을 통하여, 저출산 고령화 시대에 맞는 수자원시설의 효율성을 강화하여 규모의 경제를 달성하는 방안을 찾는데 있다. 지자체간의 협력을 유도하기 위해서는 관련시설의 투자비용의 합리적 배분이 필요하다. 이러한 합리적 비용배분의 방법으로 비례법, 샤플리방법, 분리비용잔여편익 산출법 등을 제안하고 있다. 지자체별로 건설 중인 하수처리장시설을 사례대상으로 하여 구체적인 적용방법을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구결과의 정책적인 시사점으로는 합리적 비용배분을 통하여 관련 지자체간의 갈등을 사전에 차단하는 동시에, 정부의 환경기초시설에 대한 지자체별 국고보조 방식보다는 유역의 협력적 예산으로 전환하는 것도 바람직한 정책으로 판단된다.

국내 진단용 방사선 발생장치는 3년 주기로 시행되는 정기적인 정도관리 검사에 앞서 일별, 주별, 월별, 분기 반기별로 시행하는 수시 정도 관리에 대한 항목 및 규정이 명확하게 지정되어 있지 않다. 미국과 유럽 등의 선진국에서는 정도 관리 항목에 대해 검사를 수행하는 검사자를 구분하여 국가 기관에 보고하도록 되어 있으므로 체계적인 검사 수행과 더불어 검토가 가능하다. 그러므로 의료 장비의 현대화가 이루어지는 시점에서 국외의 주기별 정도관리 시스템을 국내 진단용 방사선 발생 장치에 적합하도록 도입하여 정도관리 항목과 기준의 재정립이 반드시 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 진단용 방사선 발생장치 중 가장 빈번히 사용되고 있는 일반 X선 촬영 장치의 3년 정기점검 사이에 주기적인 수시 정도 관리 검사 항목과 방법 및 기준 수립을 위해 미국, 캐나다 등의 국외 문헌 조사 및 국제 전자 기술 위원회(International Electro-technical Commission, IEC)의 규정 항목과 비교하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 수시 정도관리 항목 신설 시 필요한 검사 항목 및 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 제시하고자 하였다.

This study presents investigations on infrastructure report cards published regularly in developed countries such as U.S. and Australia. Each of the report cards has its unique evaluation method and characteristics reflecting their current state of infrastructure and political and social situation. The report cards are analyzed in terms of infrastructure evaluating methods, and features included in each report card are compared each other to derive implications to the infrastructure maintenance system of Korea. Also, several recommendations to successfully introduce and develop the report card system to Korea are given in this paper.

In this paper, construction staged-analysis is introduced to understand how the additional loads transfer to existing and added piles. Added piles are not able to take on the existing load due to mechanical problem.

This paper were studied overseas development practices for develop to silent bridge. This paper suggests considerations of the development of silent bridge using the result of the investigation. Finally, this paper suggests the research direction of the development of silent bridge.

In this paper, the case study is investigated for the application of vibration absorbing in railway bridge. This paper suggests considerations of the application of vibration absorbing in railway bridge using the result of the investigation. Finally, this paper suggests the research direction of the application of vibration absorbing in railway bridge.

This paper is a aim to develop a connection modular-to-foundation that can be adapted using steel-frame middle & high-rise of the modular units. Analysis results, embedded column length is somewhat greater stiffness and strength were highly appreciated. Reduced embedded length even if the length of the base is not a problem for ensuring highly fixed.

In this paper, we present requirements for the spudcan footing of jack-up barges, we take a survey about jack-up barges and their limitation. And by using the result of the survey, we find the failure modes and requirements for design of the footing.

The dissipation capacity of wall to foundation connection for tilt-up conrete wall is investigated in this study. To evaluate the effects of addition steel bar, specimen was made and tested under cycle loading. Test results showed that connection details had the energy dissipation capacity at the using vertical reinforcement steel bar.

In this paper, Considered the foundation reinforcement to support the existing building for extending underground parking lot. Pile installing methods at inside and outside of building, pile cap connection between pile head and existing foundation and static pile load test is accomplished.

In this study, Blast furnace-based has been manufactured by utilizing recycled aggregates and gypsum as alkali activator. Comparing with the common geopolymer concrete, Using recycled aggregates and gypsum as activator could be identified to applied in low strength concrete.

In this study, natural fine aggregates(NFA) and recycled fine aggregates(RFA) was applying in the lightweight foamed concrete. To replacement of OPC, high volume blast furnace slag was used and incineration ash and recycled aggregates powder were used as alrali activator, Fundamental performances of lightweight famed concrete has been tested. Results showed that as the increase of foam conduction ratio, the strength and the density has been decreased

These days structures with ultra high strength concrete and steel are increasing because of the rising demands for high-rise buildings and long span bridges. The techniques of high strength material has been developed rapidly, as they have a lot of benefits such as the reduction of the amount. In this paper, we performed the basic research of practical application examples of the bridge and the structural characteristics of ultra-high-strength concrete and steel strand.