In this study, numerical simulations using community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) were conducted to analyze the change in ozone (O3) concentration due to the reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions in Busan. When the NOx and, VOCs emissions were reduced by 40% and, 31%, respectively, the average O3 concentration increased by 4.24 ppb, with the highest O3 change observed in the central region (4.59 ppb). This was attributed to the decrease in O3 titration by nitric oxide (NO) due to the reduction of NOx emissions in Busan, which is classified as a VOCs-limited area. The distribution of O3 concentration changes was closely related to NOx emissions per area, and inland emissions were highly correlated with daily maximum concentrations and 8-h average O3 concentrations. Contrastingly, the effect of emission reduction depended on the wind direction. This suggests that the emission reduction effects may vary depending on the environmental conditions. Further research is needed to comprehensively analyze the emission reduction effects in Busan.

본 논문은 해외의 연구성과를 분석하여 중국의 삼림 휴양 건설 계획에 대한 시사점을 모색하였다. 본 논문은 해외 삼림 휴양 산업 시스템 계획을 바탕으로 다음과 같이 연구한다. 첫째, 삼림 휴양의 개념, 내용 및 삼림 휴양 시스템의 발전 현황을 포함하여 삼림 휴양 및 실제 운용에 대하여 검토한다. 둘째, 해외 삼림 휴양 소도시와 기지 등 사례에 대한 분석과 연구를 통하여 삼림 휴양과 관련된 건설내용을 총결하고 해외 선진 삼림 휴양 시스템의 건설계획 개념과 실행 경험을 분석한다. 셋째, 삼림 휴양 소도시의 건강관리 기능, 계획, 경관, 문화 등 설계이념과 시각, 청각, 후각, 촉각, 미각 등 오감을 포함한 자연자원을 분석하여 휴양 소도시의 자원상황에 대해 기본적인 내용을 파악한다. 마지막으로 독일 바덴바덴 온천 삼림 소도시 프로젝트 기지 계획 현황, 휴양 상품 개발 현황, 휴양 문화, 환경 및 시설의 장점에 대한 연구를 진행하고, 해외 선진 휴양 소도시의 건설과정에서의 선진성과 시사성을 분석하여 독일 삼림 휴양 소도시의 건설분석을 바탕으로 중국 삼림 휴양 소도시의 향후 건설 및 계획시 방법, 목표 및 방향을 명확히 한다.

This study investigated the effect of May 31, 2022 Miryang wildfire on fine particle concentrations in Busan and Gimhae, which are neighboring urban areas. In addition, fine particle characteristics and air pollution concentrations were investigated in Miryang, where haze occurred. The Miryang city wildfire that occurred on May 31, 2022, at 0925 LST, was driven by strong north winds and increased fine particle concentrations in Dongsangdong and Jangyoodong, Gimhae City, which are approximately 35 km to the southeast and south, respectively, of the wildfire occurrence site. Furthermore, the fine particle concentration in Myeongjidong, which is approximately 50 km south-southeast of the wildfire site, exhibited a temporary increase at 1400 LST owing to the effects of wildfire smoke. On the morning of June 1, the day after the fire, the Miryang area had very bad visibility because of the smoke from the fire. Therefore the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Naeildong, 3 km south of the wildfire site, were 276 μg/㎥ and 222 μg/㎥, respectively, at 1200 LST. In addition, the gases O3, CO, and SO2 showed high concentrations at the time of haze generation. This study provides insights into policy making in response to the rapid increase in fine dust when wildfire occurs near cities.

본 연구는 제임스 톰슨의 영향에 대한 엘리엇 자신의 진술을 출발점 으로 삼아, 엘리엇의 황무지와 톰슨의 무서운 밤의 도시를 상세하 게 비교하고, 런던에 대한 두 시인의 관심이 그들의 작품에 어떻게 나 타나며, 도시 풍경이 각각의 시에서 어떻게 구현되는지 살펴본다. 메마 른 도시의 배경에서 나온 두 작품 사이의 주제적 유사성, 즉 화자의 탐 색 모티프, 지옥 같은 도시의 현실, 비관적인 분위기 등은 쉽게 발견될 수 있다. 본고는 두 작품에 대한 세밀한 분석을 바탕으로 작가가 속한 시대적 차이와 무관하게, 황무지를 모더니스트 시로, 무서운 밤의 도시를 빅토리아조의 시로 만드는 요인의 유형을 논의한다. 황무지 의 구체적인 시각적 이미지와 음향의 현대성이 강조될 것이다. 특히 다 성어와 불협화음의 어구, 노래와 소음, 이질적인 다양한 목소리를 포함 하는 파편화된 소리의 차원이 충격적일 만큼 혁신적이고 독특하기 때문 이다.

Recently, urbanization has become a serious issue, as there is imbalance between regions and various environmental problems occur intensively in cities. Therefore, cities all over the world are promoting the Green New Deal and trying to realize carbon neutrality. Accordingly, the European Union is leading the creation of carbon-neutral cities by promoting policies aimed at rapidly realizing carbon neutrality. In Korea, projects such as U-City and Smart City have also been promoted continuously for many years, and recently, the projects Smart Green City and Carbon Neutral Green City have been introduced. Therefore, this study aimed to derive directions and implications for future projects based on policies to address climate change by analyzing the guidelines for the Smart Green City project and the project plans of Gimhae-si and Gangjin-gun, which are the leading projects in the Smart Green City business model and are equipped with an extensive budget.

This study aimed to explore companion planting to improve vegetable productivity on extensive green roofs through urban agriculture with limited substrate depth. From May to July 2021, the study conducted on the rooftop to evaluate the effects of marigold (Tagetes patula) planting ratio on the growth and pest control of cabbage (Brassica campestris). The experiment plot measured 1 m in width × 1 m in length × 0.25 m in height and 0.2 m in substrate depth. Fifteen plots were planted in varying proportions of cabbage and marigold for three repetitions per treatment: cabbage control (CC), 2:1(C2M1), 1:1(C1M1), 1:2(C1M2), and marigold control (MC). We found that companion planting marigolds with cabbage significantly increased cabbage growth and reduced pest infestation. The study revealed that C1M1, when cabbage and marigold have the same proportion, is an efficient companion planting ratio. Companion planting, in which non-crop vegetation manages pests and increases crop productivity, improves natural pest control and preserves biodiversity on rooftop urban agriculture.

This study aims to review the differences in urban regeneration independently implemented by the government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, MOLIT) and Seoul based on related laws and ordinances, and to draw out the implications of Korean urban regeneration’s directions. The results are as follows. First, Seoul has constantly responded to the revision of the Urban Regeneration Act by adjusting and specifying the contents of ordinances, and especially, there have been efforts to enhance regional characteristics suitably for the circumstances of Seoul. Second, in the urban regeneration of Seoul, the budgets including the matching ratio of national and local subsidies shall be changed according to the standards of the MOLIT in changing designating places after the selection of the urban regeneration by the ministry, and this procedure and these implementation methods cause confusion to Seoul and local governments. Third, there were differences in the results of comparing the budgets and support methods of the “Gaggum Housing Project” of Seoul and “New Deal Housing Repair Project” of the MOLIT, which caused conflicts due to the differences in the project implementation and support standards, and the arbitrary interpretation of the guidelines. Although the urban regeneration greatly contributed to the revelation and conservation of regional characteristics, it might be necessary to establish systems that can enhance citizens’ awareness and compensate the efficient contents needed for each region in the future.

Climate change has recently become a serious global issue, and carbon emissions and energy consumption are increasing, particularly in cities where economic activities and populations are concentrated. Accordingly, various countries worldwide are promoting the Green New Deal and promoting urban-centered climate change response policies with the aim of carbon neutrality. In Korea, following the “smart green city” project that creates a city where humans and the environment coexist, a similar “carbon neutral green city” policy is set to be introduced. Therefore, in this study, implications and directions for the sustainable introduction of the carbon neutral green city policy will be derived by comparing and analyzing the State and Tribal Assistance Grants of the U.S. bipartisan infrastructure law and the smart green city of the Korean new deal.

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C3L1), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C2L1), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C1L1) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M3L1), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M2L1), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M1L1) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C3L1 experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C3L1 experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

이 연구는 한국 도시산업선교운동의 선구자 조지송의 생애, 산업선교정 책, 그의 노동자선교 신학 사상을 고찰하고, 그의 활동이 세계 에큐메니칼 운동 안에서 어떻게 보편성을 획득했는가를 살피는 것이다. 조지송은 보수 적 친미 반공적인 신앙을 가지고 남한에 온 피난민이었다. 그는 산업전도 를 하면서 산업사회의 가장 밑바닥에서 비인간적으로 저임금과 장시간 노 동에 시달리는 노동자의 현실을 발견했고, 그 상황을 해결하기 위한 선교 정책을 네 단계로 발전시켰다. 1 회사 사주와 협력하는 노동자 전도 2. 훈 련된 평신도를 통한 공장 전도 3. 노동조합을 통한 노동자 선교 4. 소그룹 안에서 여성 노동자의 의식화와 주체성 회복을 통해 산업현실을 개혁하는 산업선교. 조지송은 노동자 기독론과 노동조합 교회론을 발전시켰다. 그는 변화된 노동자의 성숙한 인격과 타자를 위한 존재가 되는 헌신성에서 희망 와 용기를 발견했다. 독재정권과 비윤리적 기업과 협조해서 산업선교를 탄 압하는 제도교회를 거짓교회로 보았다. WCC와 CCA는 한국의 도시산업선 교를 적극적으로 지지했는데 그것은 한국의 도시산업선교운동이 세계교회 와 인류 노동사회를 향해 보편적인 희망을 제공하였기 때문이다.

T. S. 엘리엇은 그의 세 편의 초기 시, 서시 , 바람 부는 밤에 랩소 디 그리고 보스턴 석간신문 에서 이분법적으로 상반되는 것들을 도 시 거리들 광경을 통해서 통합해 보려고 시도하였다. 따라서 도시의 밤 풍경에는 당시의 사회적 현상과 시인의 마음 속 전경이 혼재되어있다. 본 논문은 시인콜라주 기법을 이용해서 도시 밤거리의 모습을 표현하면 서 거리 자체를 시적 캔버스로 활용해 ‘현실/비현실성,’ ‘시간/공간,’ ‘죽 음/생명,’ ‘액체/흔적’ 등 경계선을 넘어 함께 공존할 수 있음을 보여주 려고 노력하였다. 시인은 다양한 도시 풍경과 도시인들의 심리 상태를 도시 밤거리에 비유한다. 세 편의 시, 서시 , 바람 부는 밤에 랩소디 그리고 보스턴 석간신문 에 묘사된 거리들은 기억과 욕망이 이분법적 대치를 넘어 하나의 흐름으로 통합될 수 있음을 보여준다. 엘리엇은 대 도시의 거리풍경을 통해서 자신이 경험한 것을 보여주는데 성공하였으 며 이는 현대 사회에서 이분법적 한계를 넘어서 현실/비현실이 동시에 공존할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

This study evaluated the growth, physiological responses and productivity based on the intercropping ratio of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). on the rooftops to determine out the efficient ratio in urban agriculture. From April to September 2019, an experiment was conducted on the rooftop of Konkuk University Glocal Campus. Cherry tomato and basil were selected as companion plants for eco-friendly urban agriculture on the rooftops. Each plot was created with a width of 100 cm, length of 100 cm, and height of 25 cm. After installing drainage and waterproof layers from bottom to top, substrate was laid out with a height of 20 cm. Intercropping ratio was consisted of a single tomato plant (TC), 2:1 tomato to basil (T2B1), 1:1 tomato to basil (T1B1), 1:2 tomato to basil 2 (T1B2), and a single basil plant (BC), were conducted using a randomized complete plot design with five treatments and three replication (a total 15 plots). Measurements were divided into growth, physiological responses, and productivity parameters, and detailed items were investigated and analyzed by classifying them into plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, root length, root collar caliper, chlorophyll contents, fresh weight, dry weight, number of fruit, fruit caliper, fruit weight, and sugar content. Comparative analyses of cherry tomato with basil plants by intercropping ratio, growth, physiological, and productivity responses are determined to be efficient when the ratio of cherry tomato to basil ratio is 2:1 or 1:1.

The characteristics of time changes in air temperature, DI (discomfort index) and WBGT (wet-bulb globe temperature) were investigated for inland city (daegu) and coastal city (pohang) of Gyeongbuk Province during the 2018 consecutive heat wave season. The time when the temperature dropped below 33℃ was around 19h in both regions. As such, the two regions were similar with respect to the time up to which the heatwave warning levels continued. However, the discomfort index (DI) was higher than 27 in Pohang. Most people feel unpleasant when an discomfort index of 27 or higher appears. The results indicated that Korea's night-time thermal environment during the summers is particularly poor in the southern coastal areas. WBGT began at 09:00 and lasted until 21:00, with a score of 31 or higher; this score, in principle, corresponded with the duration of outdoor activity in both regions. Therefore, it was found that outdoor work was at a level where all day long had to be stopped in both areas during the heat wave. Although time changes in temperature and WBGT were similar in both regions, Discomfort Index (DI) differed significantly. The difference refers to the fact that Pohang is strongly affected by the high heat capacity effect and the supply of water vapor from the sea.